海南岛鹿回头水尾岭海滩岩中的微生物碳酸盐沉积研究

从地质微生物学和碳酸盐沉积学两方面对海南岛三亚鹿回头水尾岭海滩岩中的微生物碳酸盐沉积进行研究, 研究结果显示三亚鹿回头海滩岩中含有微生物碳酸盐沉积, 与微生物活动有关的胶结物也很常见. 海滩岩中的微生物碳酸盐沉积主要发育在珊瑚(碎屑和碎块)骨骼孔穴中或珊瑚体的表面, 而很少发育在珊瑚和其他生物碎屑堆积而形成的空隙中. 微生物碳酸盐沉积一般呈叠层状、薄的结壳状、穹状、微生物石等多种形态生长, 黏结细小的生物碎屑, 大多具有微生物的管形丝状体和纹层状的生长纹. 珊瑚骨骼孔穴中的微生物碳酸盐沉积呈叠层的尖锥体, 生长方向不定, 随珊瑚骨骼孔穴的延伸方向生长, 具有清晰的生长纹层, 显示明显的阶段性, 是隐生微生物碳酸盐沉积的一种独特发育形式. 微生物成因的胶结物多以针纤状方解石、钙化的菌类丝状体和莓状钙球的形式出现, 并以针纤状方解石最为常见. 这表明微生物活动和微生物碳酸盐沉积在热带海洋受季风影响下的以碳酸盐为主要成分的海滩岩形成中起着重要的作用. 研究工作第一次发现和描述了我国南海北部海岸海滩岩中的微生物碳酸盐沉积和与微生物活动有关的胶结物, 研究结果支持海滩岩中的胶结物部分是源于微生物成因的, 肯定了微生物在碳酸盐沉积方面的重要作用, 从一个新的研究角度拓宽了海滩岩的认知领域.     

吴川—四会断裂带构造岩变形环境分析

吴川－四会断裂带存在着中－高温超塑性变形岩石和半韧性半脆性糜棱岩两大系列构造岩，具有长期复杂的变形历史。中高温超塑性变形岩石由层状花岗质构造片麻岩、面状花岗质构造片麻岩和带状花岗质构造片麻岩构成，它们分别形成于晋宁期造山作用、早加里东期和印支期的基底折离作用。而半韧性半脆性构造岩由糜棱岩系列岩石构成，尤以出现玻状岩为特征，为燕山早期逆冲断层产物。     

佳木斯地块与松嫩地块俯冲碰撞的深反射地震剖面证据

佳木斯地块和松嫩地块是东北地区两个十分重要的地质构造单元,由于二者之间发育一套含有蓝片岩的俯冲增生杂岩-黑龙江杂岩(原称黑龙江群),其地质构造意义长期为人们所关注.巴彦—桦南深反射地震剖面揭示,佳木斯地块与松嫩地块之间存在明显向西俯冲的深反射信息,以壳内和幔内向西倾伏的楔状反射区为特征.壳内楔状反射区东与浅表层出露的黑龙江杂岩相连,向西倾伏延深至莫霍面,是俯冲增生杂岩在地壳深部的反映;幔内楔状反射区东起小兴安岭之下的莫霍面,向西倾伏延深至松辽盆地东缘,尖灭深度约78km,与多种方法得出的该区现今的岩石圈厚度(75~80km)基本一致.这一证据充分说明佳木斯地块的岩石圈地幔向西俯冲到松嫩地块岩石圈地幔之下.     

南秦岭勉略蛇绿混杂岩带中放射虫的发现及其意义

秦岭造山带被认为是华北板块、秦岭微板块和扬子板块多期次碰撞而成的复合造山带。关于扬子板块与秦岭板块之间的勉略古缝合带的缝合时代,一直存在加里东期和印支期两种认识。在略阳县三岔子附近,原时代不明的蛇绿构造混杂岩之硅质岩夹层中,发现保存较好的早石炭世放射虫化石,表明勉略洋盆已延续到海西期。     

流体渗透下蓝闪石岩的榴辉岩化作用

榴辉质脉充填于黝帘蓝闪石岩岩枕之间．沿裂隙贯穿于块状黝帘蓝闪石岩之 中和呈通道状穿透榴辉岩布丁等特征结构说明,西天山高压变质带蓝闪石岩的榴辉岩 化作用伴随自由流体相的出现．榴辉质脉中绿辉石保存平行于ｃ轴的非面状原生流体 包裹体．显微测温结果表明流体为低盐度的水流体（１％－４％ ＮａＣ１）．榴辉质脉和相关寄存主岩的常量、微量、稀土元素结果表明,蓝闪石岩的榴辉岩化作用需要外来Ｓｉ和Ｎａ 的加入,并伴随大离子亲石元素／稀土元素和水的流失．西天山高压变质带保存了全球 首例流体渗透下蓝闪石岩沿裂隙和高渗透带发生榴辉岩化作用的记录．     

辽南大和尚山区及其邻区的盖层滑移带

辽南大和尚山区及其邻区存在一个盖层滑移带,它在盖层中引起了一系列逆掩叠瓦状冲断层,并伴生有花岗质岩脉注入,为今后深入研究本地区构造提供了有利条件     

西伯利亚板块与华北克拉通碰撞带地电结构及对深部缝合边界的讨论

西伯利亚板块与华北克拉通碰撞导致古亚洲洋闭合,形成了幅员辽阔的中亚造山带,该带内记录了丰富的板块碰撞信息,揭示深部缝合边界对于研究洋-陆俯冲到陆-陆碰撞的深部动力学过程具有重要的科学意义.本文对查干敖包—化德410km大地电磁测深(MT)剖面数据进行反演,获得二维电性结构,为研究西伯利亚板块与华北克拉通碰撞带深部构造形迹、碰撞边界问题提供地电结构的依据.结合人工反射地震及地质资料获得以下认识:(1)西伯利亚板块与华北克拉通碰撞带地壳存在多组"U"型低阻异常,多对应弧型、倾斜或"鳄鱼嘴"状反射界面.莫霍面存在两处错断现象,并与深部电性梯度带对应.岩石圈地幔除白乃庙岛弧呈低阻块体外,均为高阻块体,这些电性结构特征反映了南北汇聚所形成的构造形迹.(2)碰撞带可分为二连—贺根山和索伦—西拉木伦河两个不同时期的汇聚体系,晚泥盆世—晚石炭世早期形成的二连—贺根山汇聚体系由二连—贺根山增生杂岩带、宝力岛弧地体及断裂带组成,深部缝合边界位于二连浩特.而晚二叠—早三叠的索伦—西拉木伦河汇聚体系由二道井子增生杂岩带和温都尔庙增生杂岩带及断裂带组成,深部缝合边界位于苏尼特右旗.(3)在锡林浩特地区软流圈内部存在高阻异常,可能为俯冲消失的洋壳或碰撞造山后拆离的岩石圈残片.     

兴安-内蒙古地区晚古生代生物礁及其构造和油气意义

在兴安-内蒙地区最新发现大量晚古生代生物礁,礁体规模宏大、特征明显、出露完全,在区域内串连成3条沿板块边缘延伸的礁链带.生物礁包括5种建造类型和造礁群落,分属4个造礁期,代表7种成礁环境.敖汉旗-赤峰礁链带为早石炭世晚期群体珊瑚-藻类联合造礁,属温暖浅海陆棚环境.西乌旗-北山礁链带包括3个造礁期,即晚石炭世早期、晚石炭世晚期-早二叠世和中二叠世晚期;建造类型多样,有群体珊瑚-藻类联合造礁、灰泥建隆和藻类造礁等,属温暖岛海环境.扎赉特旗-东乌旗礁链带为以苔藓虫为主造礁,证明西伯利亚板块南缘属冷水浅海环境.礁相地层相序发育复杂,分别显示板块边缘的碳酸盐台地和中间地块的碳酸盐-碎屑混合台地沉积.三条礁链带从东到西近乎平行排列,分别指示华北板块北缘、中间地块边缘和西伯利亚板块南缘,据此可以建立区内海西期大地构造框架.生物礁的造礁期从南到北依次变新,反映了华北板块与西伯利亚板块碰撞过程.区内各种礁相地层发育巨厚,见有大量残余沥青,上覆地层和同期异相地层为暗色岩系,测试达到良好烃源岩标准,证明该区内具有很好的油气勘探远景.     

华北克拉通新太古代不整合事件的确定及其大陆克拉通构造演化意义

在华北北部麻粒岩相带内识别出了古老的不整合事件 ,表现为面状分布的孔兹岩系不整合覆盖在灰色片麻岩杂岩基底之上 .孔兹岩系的稀土配分模式指示其原岩主要为较成熟的沉积岩系 .同位素年龄及变质作用P T t轨迹的研究证明孔兹岩系明显晚于基底杂岩形成 ,并且孔兹岩系经历的变质事件叠加于基底杂岩 .孔兹岩系 基底杂岩的二元结构现存于整个华北克拉通的西部 ,并被五台裂谷构造截切 ,证明不整合事件发生于新太古代 ,记录了新太古代华北克拉通化的重要构造热事件     

小秦岭拆离断层假熔岩的Raman光谱分析及其成因机制

小秦岭变质核杂岩周缘拆离断层的微角砾岩中发育脉状和角砾状假熔岩 ,Raman光谱分析结果表明假熔岩基质存在 3种结构 :超碎裂细粒结构、隐晶质结构和含微量玻璃质结构 ,3种结构为不同程度超碎裂的结果 ,证明小秦岭拆离断层中假熔岩的成因机制为超碎裂研磨为主的研磨 熔融机制     

Silurian A-type granitoids in the southern margin of the Tongbai-Dabieshan: Evidence from SHRIMP zircon geochronology and geochemistry

The Dabieshan Orogenic belt is well known for the exhumation of early Mesozoic ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks and Jurassic–Cretaceous emplacement of voluminous granitoids. However, the tectonic evolution in the orogen during the Paleozoic, especially its magmatic response to tectonism has not received much attention. As indicated by published data, the Dabieshan orogenic belt contains different records of Paleozoic magmatic-tectonic association in different tectonic units. Occ…     

Evidence from pseudomorphous β-quartz phenocryst for decompression of rock-forming and ore-forming processes in Shapinggou porphyry Mo deposit

The Shapinggou porphyry molybdenum(Mo) deposit, located in Jinzhai County, Anhui Province, China, is the largest in the Qinling-Dabie Mo Metallogenic Belt. The intrusive rocks in the Shapinggou Mo ore district formed in the Yanshanian can be divided into two stages based on zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical features. This study focuses on the late stage intrusions(quartz syenite and granite porphyry), which are closely genetically related to molybdenum mineralization. Petrographic observations identified two quartz polymorphs in the quartz syenite and granite porphyry, which were derived from the same magmatic sources and similar evolutionary processes. The quartzes were identified as a xenomorphic β-quartz within quartz syenite, while the quartz phenocrysts within the granite porphyry were pseudomorphous b-quartz, characterized by a hexagonal bipyramid crystallography. The pseudomorphous b-quartz phenocrysts within the granite porphyry were altered from b-quartz through phase transformation. These crystals retained b-quartz pseudomorph. Combined with titanium-inzircon thermometry, quartz phase diagrams, and granitic Q-Ab-Or-H_2O phase diagrams, it is suggested that the quartz syenite and granite porphyry were formed under similar magmatic origins, including similar depths and magmatic crystallization temperatures. However, the β-quartz within quartz syenite indicated that the crystallization pressure was greater than 0.7 GPa, while the original b-quartz within the granite porphyry was formed under pressures between 0.4 and 0.7 GPa. The groundmass of the granite porphyry which formed after the phenocryst indicated a crystallizing pressure below 0.05 GPa. This indicates that the granite porphyry was formed under repetitive and rapid decompression. The decompression was significant as it caused the exsolution of the ore-forming fluids, and boiling and material precipitation during the magmatic-fluid process. The volumetric difference during the phase transformation from b-quartz to β-quartz caused extensive fracturing on the granite porphyry body and the wall rocks. As the main ore-transmitting and ore-depositing structures, these fractures benefit the hydrothermal alteration and stockwork-disseminated mineralization of the porphyry deposit. It is considered that the pseudomorphous β-quartz phenocrysts of the porphyritic body are metallogenic indicators within the porphyry deposits. The pseudomorphous β-quartzes therefore provide evidence for the formation of the porphyry deposit within a decompression tectonic setting.     

Application of age and Sr isotope data to the petrogenesis of the Marangudzi ring complex,Rhodesia

The Marangudzi ring complex, Rhodesia, consists essentially of a gabbro mass intruded by ring dykes of quartz syenite and cone sheets of nepheline syenite. Five intrusive units (gabbro, two quartz syenite and two nepheline syenite units) have been studied using Rb-Sr and K-Ar methods. A total of 24 whole rock samples define a Rb-Sr isochron which gives an age of 186 ± 3m.y. and an initial (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)₀ ratio of 0.70769 ± 0.00006 (±2sigma; based on λ = 1.42 × 10^?11yr^?1). K-Ar and Rb-Sr analyses on biotite and hastingsite separates are consistent with this age assignment. Whole rock Rb-Sr isochrons for the different units treated individually agree with the above age and initial Sr ratio within analytical uncertainties. This is believed to indicate that the different rock types are comagmatic forming by fractional crystallization of a parental, mantle-derived, K₂O-rich basaltic magma, having an initial Sr ratio of 0.7077, without appreciable assimilation of the Precambrian country rock. The entire differentiation, emplacement and crystallization processes took place over a rather short time span.     

The Jinshajiang suture zone: tectono-stratigraphic subdivision and revision of age

Integrated study of rock assemblage, tectonic setting, geochemical feature, fossil contained and isotopic geochronology on the metamorphic mixed bodies, exposed in the Jinshajiang suture zone, suggests that one informal lithostratigraphic unit, the Eaqing Complex, and three tectono-stratigraphic units, the Jinshajiang ophiolitic melange, the Gajinxueshan Group and the Zhongxinrong Group, can be recognized there. It is first pointed out that the redefined Eaqing Complex might represent the Meso- to Neo-Proterozoic remnant metamorphic basement or mi-crocontinental fragment in the Jinshajiang area. The original rocks of it should be older than (1627 ±192) Ma based on the geochronological study. The zircon U-Pb age of plagiogranites within the Jinshajiang ophiolitic assemblage is dated for the first time at (294 ± 3) Ma and (340 ± 3) Ma respectively. The Jinshajiang ophiolite is approximately equivalent to the Ailaoshan ophiolite in the formation age, covering the interval from the Late Devonian to the Carboniferous. Dating of U-Pb age from basalt interbeds indicates that the redefined Gajinxueshan Group and Zhongxinrong Group may be considered Carboniferous to Permian and latest Permian to Middle Triassic in age. In geotectonic terms the Jinshajiang suture zone is thought to be a back-arc basin in the eastern margin of the Paleo-Tethys. This back-arc basin started in the Late Devonian, and formed in the Devonian-Carboniferous. The collision event around the Permian/Triassic boundary to the Middle Triassic led to the closure of the back-arc basin and formation of suture.     

Timing and geochemical characters of the Sanchazi magmatic arc in Mianlüe tectonic zone, South Qinling

The Sanchazi mafic-ultramafic complex in Mianlue tectonic zone, South Qinling can be subdivided into two blocks, i.e. Sanchazi paleo-magmatic arc and Zhuangkegou paleo-oceanic crust fragment (ophiolite). The Sanchazi paleo-magmatic arc is mainly composed of andesite, basaltic and basalt-andesitic gabbro (or diorite), andesitic dyke, plagiogranite and minor ultramafic rocks, which have typical geochemical features of island arc volcanic rocks, such as high field strength element (e.g. Nb, Ti) depletions and lower Cr, Ni contents. The Light rare earth element (LREE) and K enrichments of these rocks and zircon xenocrystals of 900 Ma from plagiogranite suggest that this magmatic arc was developed on the South active continental margin of the South Qinling micro-continent. The U-Pb age of (300 ± 61)Ma for zircons from plagiogranite indicates that the Mianlue paleo-oceanic crust was probably subducted underneath the South Qinling micro-continent in Carboniferous. This is consistent with the formation time (309Ma) of the Huwan eclogite originating from oceanic subduction in Dabie Mountains, suggesting that the Mianlue paleo-ocean probably extended eastward to the Dabie Mountains in Carboniferous. The high-Mg adakitic rocks in Sanchazi paleo-magmatic arc suggest that the subducted oceanic crust was relatively young (＜25Ma) and hot.     

The age and tectonic environment of the rhyolitic rocks on the western side of Wuyi Mountain,South China

During the geological survey of the metamorphic rocks in Xingning-Wuhua region on the western side of Wuyi Mountain, South China, we discovered the Neoproterozoic rhyolite and rhyolitic greywacke for the first time that outcrop in the Proterozoic metamorphic rocks near Jingnan Town of Xingning County, eastern Guangdong Province. A systematic research on petrology, geochemistry and geochronology of rhyolitic rocks was conducted to understand their tectonic setting and formation age. The Jingnan rhyolite is interbedded with a coeval greywacke, with a total thickness of 60 m; both rhyolite and greywacke display a similar folding and metamorphic pattern. Meta-rhyolite consists of groundmass and phenocrystals including sanidine, orthoclase, and quartz with distinct undulose extinction; the groundmass has been recrystallized into fine-grain feldspar, quartz and sericite aggregation. Meta-greywacke is composed of crystallinoclastic grains (sanidine, orthoclase, quartz and oligoclase) and clay groundmass. Zircon grains used for the SHRIMP U-Pb analysis are light brown-colored and euhedral or subeuhedral. Dating data suggest two age groups; eight grains of magmatype zircon with an idiomorphic form yield an age of 972±8 Ma, and the other seven weakly corroded grains of zircon with euhedral to subeuhedral shape construct an average age of 1097±11 Ma, which were captured from older rocks by an uplifting magma, implying that a late Mesoproterozoic basement exists in the Nanling region. In addition, one Paleoproterozoic age, 2035±11 Ma, is obtained from a rounded detrital zircon, indicating that a Paleoproterozoic thermal event took place in the South China. Geochemically, the Jingnan rhyolitic rocks are characterized by high K2O content, intermediate Al2O3 content, with the ACNK value 0.98―1.11, and belonging to high-K alkaline series. They are rich in ΣREE, Rb, Th and Ce, depleted in Ba, Sr, Eu, Ti, P and Nb-Ta, and with moderate negative Eu and Sr anomalies. These features indicate that the Jingnan volcanic rocks have an affinity of continental arc that is similar to those of acid volcanic rocks in the SE-China Coastal Region, in other words, a Neoproterozoic tectonomagma event might have taken place in the western Wuyi region, leading to an eruption of high-K calc-alkaline granitic magma.     

Origin of Baotoudong syenites in North China Craton: Petrological,mineralogical and geochemical evidence

Baotoudong syenite pluton is located to the east of Baotou City, Inner Mongolia, the westernmost part of the Triassic alkaline magmatic belt along the northern margin of the North China Craton(NCC). Zircon U-Pb age, petrological, mineralogical and geochemical data of the pluton were obtained in this paper, to constrain its origin and mantle source characteristics. The pluton is composed of nepheline-clinopyroxene syenite and alkali-feldspar syenite, with zircon U-Pb age of 214.7±1.1 Ma. Diopside(cores)-aegirine-augite(rims), biotite, orthoclase and nepheline are the major minerals. The Baotoudong syenites have high contents of rare earth elements(REE), and are characterized by enrichment in light rare earth elements(LREE) and large ion lithophile elements(LILE; e.g., Rb, Ba, Sr), depletion in heavy rare earth elements(HREE) and high field strength elements(HFSE). They show enriched Sr-Nd isotopic compositions with initial ~87Sr/~86Sr ranging from 0.7061 to 0.7067 and ε_Nd(t) values from –9.0 to –11.2. Mineralogy, petrology and geochemical studies show that the parental magma of the syenites is SiO_2-undersaturated potassic-ultrapotassic, and is characterized by high contents of Ca O, Fe_2O_3, K_2O, Na_2O and fluid compositions(H_2O), and by high temperature and high oxygen fugacity. The syenites were originated from a phlogopite-rich, enriched lithospheric mantle source in garnet-stable area(80 km). The occurrence of the Baotoudong syenites, together with many other ultrapotassic, alkaline complexes of similar ages on the northern margin of the NCC in Late Triassic implies that the lithospheric mantle beneath the northern margin of the NCC was previously metasomatized by melts/fluids from the subducted, altered paleo-Mongolian oceanic crust, and the northern margin of the craton has entered into an extensively extensional regime as a destructive continental margin in Late Triassic.     

新疆巴里坤红石滩铜矿床石英闪长斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

本文对新疆巴里坤红石滩铜矿区出露的石英闪长斑岩进行LA-ICP MS锆石U-Pb年龄测定,结果表明红石滩石英闪长斑岩形成年龄为403.1±3.8 Ma,形成时代为早泥盆世.此外,测得的两个锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为895 Ma左右,表明研究区可能存在早元古代基底.红石滩石英闪长斑岩体与铜矿关系密切,是寻找斑岩型铜多金属矿的有利场所,为今后在该区寻找同类型铜矿提供重要依据.     

Bashikaogong-Shimierbulake granitic complex, north Altun, NW China:Geochemistry and zircon SHRIMP ages

The Bashikaogong-Shimierbulake granitoid complex is about 30 km long and 2―6 km wide, with an area of 140 km2, located at the north margin of the Bashikaogong Basin in the north Altun terrain. It intruded into schist, metapelite and metatuff of Precambrian ages. This granitoid complex consists of darkish quartz diorite, grey granite, pink granite and pegmatite. Geochemically, the quartz diorite has I-type granite affinity and belongs to Calc-alkaline sereies, and the other gran- ites have S-type affinity and to high-K calc-alkaline series. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating shows that the quartz diorite has a bigger age than those of other granites, which is 481.6±5.6 Ma for quartz diorite, 437.0±3.0 Ma―433.1±3.4 Ma for grey granite and 443±11 Ma―434.6±1.6 Ma for pink granite, re- spectively. Combined with regional geology, we think that the quartz diorite formed in tectonic envi- ronment related to oceanic crust subduction and the granites in post-collision.     

内蒙古锡林浩特I型花岗岩的时代及构造意义

在内蒙古锡林浩特水库地区出露的花岗岩确定为I型花岗岩,具有较高的Cr、Co、Ni丰度。Ca、Al含量和N2O／K2O比值较高,Fe、Mg含量较低。微量元素蛛网图中显示出明显的Nb、Ta、P、Ti负异常。在SiO2-K2O及AFM图中,花岗质岩石投在钙碱性系列区;在构造环境判别图中,花岗质岩石样品都投在火山弧＋同碰撞花岗岩区。锆石测年结果显示平均年龄为317．0±4．0Ma,属晚石炭世。这套晚石炭世岛弧花岗岩的存在,表明加里东期古亚洲洋并未完全关闭,晚石炭世时仍然存在洋壳的俯冲消减事件。从区域上看,是北侧的贺根山洋盆向南俯冲的结果。