居住区环境更新与城市本土性——以北京农展南里环境改造规划为例

城市居住环境是城市本土性的重要载体。旧居住区环境改造应以场地固有的地域特点、历史文化沉淀为基础,培育小区本土化的环境格局和多样化的景观空间体系。本文以农展南里环境改造规划为例,来探讨如何提升住宅老区活力,挖掘居住环境的本土性,实现一个有机、舒适、便捷、安全、美观、有地域文化和特色的现代复合型可持续发展的居住环境。     

浅析住宅区规划

居住空间是城市空间的延续,是城市重要组成部分,住宅区规划设计应该全面考虑满足人的需求,对与影响、建设与运营的经济性以及景观形象的塑造等要求,以可持续发展战略为指导,遵循社区发展、共享社区的住宅区设计的总体原则以及相应的住宅区规划设计原则,建设文明、适居的居住社区。笔搞好住宅小区的规划设计首先要注重以下几个方面的问题。一、住宅区设计应符合当地特点二、住考虑功能分区三、住宅区设计应注重生态环境资源的利用和营造四、住宅区设计应注重交通组织设计应注重设施的完善。用和要应区要作化,计宅的优为设位商境态认区、陆环生者宅五     

Impact of urban water system treatment on the surrounding residential land price

Land price is the central link in the urban land market movement. Along with socio-economic development, urban land price continuously changes. Therefore, it is critically important to study the impact of urban water system treatment on the residential land price under an “ecological city” development model. A hedonic model was established in which the characteristic variable of distance between land and water system after being treated was used as the metric of the impact of urban water system treatment on the residential land price, with an aim to quantitatively study the influence of urban water system treatment on the residential land price. Results indicated that (1) the urban water system treatment had a positive impact on the residential land price. In addition, the residential land price shows a negative correlation to the distance between land and water system after being treated; (2) for every one-unit increase of distance between land and water system after being treated, the logarithm of residential land unit prices decreases by 0.025, and the residential land unit prices decrease by 2.47%. The findings of this study provide a valuable reference for local water resource planning and land management.     

Public policy and the changing landscape

The paper illustrates how spatially explicit forecasting of residential development can be undertaken and how it can be made sensitive to policy instruments available to local and state governments. Predicted values in residential use based on a hedonic analysis of residential property prices is found to have a significant effect on the hazard of development in a survival model used to explain the likelihood that a farm or forest will be converted to residential use. Policy instruments are imbedded in both the hedonic model of residential property values and a hazard model of parcel conversion, so as to test how effective changes in policies can be at changing the pattern of land-use change. Some of the statistical and modeling obstacles that impede progress on this spatially explicit modeling are also discussed.     

江苏省睢宁县农村居民点整理潜力分析及效益评价

农村居民点整理是一项复杂的系统工程,整理潜力分析和效益评价是农村居民点整理项目投资前期工作的中心环节．是项目决策的依据。该文在分析睢宁县农村居民点整理潜力的基础上,对整理后的效益进行分析．为东部经济父发达地区的农村居民点整理提供了参考。     

Particle associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmospheric environment of urban and suburban residential area

Ten polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with suspended particulate matter in the ambient air were collected at two sampling sites: urban and suburban residential areas of Yokohama, Japan from 1999 to 2005. The concentrations of target compounds were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The total concentrations were higher in urban residential area than suburban residential area. They ranged from 0.31 to 6.16 ng/m3 withameanof2.07ng/m3 and 0.33 to2.87ng/m3 with a mean of 1.02 ng/m3 in the urban and suburban residential areas, respectively. The predominant compounds determined both in the urban and suburban residential areas were benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[ghi]perylene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene and benzo[e]pyrene. The concentrations of 5- and 6-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were higher in the urban than the suburban residential area, accounting for 77.3 % and 72.1 % of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, respectively. Source identification was performed by principal component analysis. Two principal components were identified for each study area and these accounted for 95.9 % and 83.3 % of total variance, respectively. The results revealed that stationary source and vehicle emissions were the major pollution sources in the studied areas. The impact of emission regulations for automobiles in large Japanese cities, which were enacted during 2002 and 2003, was also studied. Based on the average total concentration, emission reduction was 47.8 % and 18.6 % in urban residential and suburban residential areas, respectively.     

农村居民点土地整理潜力测算方法研究——以烟台市牟平区为例

以烟台市牟平区为例,选用人均建设用地标准法、户均宅基地标准法和农村居民点内部土地闲置率法3种方法,对农村居民点土地整理潜力测算方法进行了比较研究。指出农村居民点整理潜力测算方法的选择要根据测算区域内农村居民点的用地结构、发展状况等实际情况进行确定。     

Spatial association between residential radon concentration and bedrock types in New Hampshire

Using a large database of residential short-term radon measurements in New Hampshire, this study evaluated the ability of expert-assigned bedrock radon potential for predicting residential radon concentration. First, each bedrock type was assigned a radon potential level by a geologist familiar with the local geology. Then, using residential radon measurements, a continuous surface of radon concentration was generated through a kriging process. The mean residential radon concentration within the spatial extent of each bedrock type was then calculated based on that surface. The Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient was calculated between the two ranks of the bedrock types, one based on the expert-assigned potential level and the other based on the mean residential concentration. A strong correlation between the rank correlation and the area of the bedrock type was found. When only the 15 largest bedrock types were used, the Spearman Correlation Coefficient reached 0.6. Geological knowledge is concluded to be useful in predicting and mapping residential radon concentration, but the prediction should be interpreted with caution, especially for areas in which the underlying bedrocks are highly localized.     

The importance of hydrogeological and hydrological investigations in the residential area: a case study in Burdur,Turkey

Water resources in residential areas are negatively affected by floods. In addition, many aquifers are contaminated as a result of urbanization. Great damage caused during earthquakes are partly attributed to the residential pattern which ignores the potential effect of groundwater. Hydrogeological and hydrological surveys must be carried out in the residential areas to determine the interaction between water and residential development of all types.Recent hydrogeological and hydrological investigations regarding the impact of urbanization were made for the city of Burdur (Turkey). To evaluate the effect of earthquakes on groundwater, groundwater isohypse and groundwater isopach maps were prepared showing most of the buildings within the Burdur city boundaries, which are in the areas where groundwater depth is less than 10 m. This is considered a critical depth for liquefaction during an earthquake. Lowering of the groundwater table has to be considered as one of the alternatives in reducing earthquake hazards. The chemical makeup of groundwater was also determined to consider its relationship to contamination and possible effects upon the foundations. Streams flowing across the Burdur residential area formed a flooding risk. Results of the peak flow analysis can be used to design improvements for the city. Maps of the best residential development areas have been prepared by using hydrological and hydrogeological results.     

Devising ‘policy packages’ for seismic retrofitting of residences

Natural Hazards - Collapse of residential buildings is the major cause of death during earthquakes. Seismic retrofitting of residential buildings is a cost-effective way to reduce injury and death....     

Residential mobility within metropolitan Lagos

This paper examines the initial residential patterns of two groups in Lagos and their subsequent mobility pattern. Explanatory factors for the patterns depicted are advanced. Burgess' hypotheses on residential mobility are tested and found to be partially confirmed. There is, however, an increasing tendency for people to settle at the periphery of the city in recent periods. The outward residential mobility pattern depicted is as a result of factors other than those stipulated by Burgess. These results are of importance for the planning of the city.     

中国建设用地省际分布的统计分析

建设用地的扩张是中国耕地减少的最重要因素，通过建立建设用地分布的定量关系，揭示建设用地增长的动力学基础。通过居民点和工矿用地、交通用地、建设用地总量（前二者之和）的省际分布与人口、人均耕地的省际分布的单因素和双因素统计分析发现：这三者的分布与这两个因素存在很强的二元线性相关；人口分布对居民点和工矿用地总量分布的影响要比对交通用地总量分布的影响大，人均耕地分布对这二者的人均值分布的影响，则恰恰相反。     

The interrelationship between travel behavior and life choices in adapting to flood disasters

Disasters resulting from climate change are shown to be important determinants of people’s life choice decisions. In the literature, travel behavior choice and life choices are usually addressed separately under disasters such as flood and cyclone. However, travel behavior may be interdependent with other life choices, jointly shaping people’s adaptation decisions. To this end, the paper advances the literature by exploring the interrelationship between changes in travel behavior and job and residential location under flood disasters, while separating coastal and inland observations. For this purpose, a stated preference survey was conducted in 14 cities of Bangladesh in early 2013. An analysis approach based on structural equation modeling was developed to investigate the correlations between travel behavior change and job and residential location changes. Model estimation results suggest that flood impacts have significant influences on inland people’s life choices, while coastal people’s life choices are mainly affected by flood adaptation responses and attitudes. Significant correlations between travel behavior change and job and residential location changes are found for both observations. Moreover, both coastal and inland people tend not to change residential locations if changes in job location and travel behavior are made. Inland people may not change travel behavior if their job and/or residential locations are changed, but coastal people’s job and residential location changes are associated with changes in travel behavior. Travel behavior change is found to have more of an effect on residential location change than job location change in both regions. These findings conclude that the two-way relationship between travel behavior and life choices should be taken into account in future analyses, and thus adaptation policies to climate change disasters could be better linked with people’s behavioral responses.     

住区水环境建设探讨

住区作为城市的基本单元,其水环境的建设对解决城市缺水问题有重要的意义.本文以此为出发点,探讨了住区水环境建设中中水、雨水的利用及各种高新技术应用等新动态,分析了现阶段住区水环境建设中存在的问题:盲目的开发建设、设计不完善、先进理念应用度低、居民环保意思不强等,针对现状及问题,提出了坚持可持续发展原则、营造体现地域特色的...     

Residential relocation under market-oriented redevelopment: the process and outcomes in urban China

Residential displacement by urban regeneration in western economies and forced relocation in the Third World countries are contentious issues. This paper, based on a household survey in Shanghai, examines the process and outcomes of residential relocation under market-oriented urban redevelopment in China. The results show that commodification of the socialist tenancy right helped to initiate large-scale urban redevelopment. First, there has been a complicated process of negotiation during residential relocation, involving residents, development companies, and government agencies. The de facto right of public housing tenants is considered by a pragmatic attitude in urban redevelopment in the early years. Second, residential relocation is accompanied by the changes in housing tenure, housing conditions, and the improved built form of planned residential districts. Nevertheless, the social conflict has become intensified recently because the deepening of commodification began to favour property developers by constraining the compensation standard for relocated households.     

Multi-agent simulation-based residential electricity pricing schemes design and user selection decision-making

Multi-agent system employs the functions of communication, coordination and cooperation among intelligent agents to help people judge and analyze complex phenomena that cannot be directly observed, and it has become an important tool for solving large-scale complex problems. The problem of demand response (DR) in electric power system is difficult to be modeled due to the complicated environment and continuously evolving subjects. Multi-agent system can simulate the operation mechanism of electric power system, thus playing an important role in solving the DR problems. In this study, based on multi-agent simulation, we establish a multi-agent model of residential power market and propose a satisfaction function of residential users about electricity price. We focus on the interaction process among all the agents of power supply side, selling side and demand side and conduct simulation to obtain the selection and decision-making of residential users on different electricity pricing schemes. The results show that multi-agent system is beneficial to analyze, simulate and solve the DR problem in power market. Also, the satisfaction function of residential users on electricity price can support power selling enterprise to better understand the intention of residential users when choosing electricity pricing schemes and participating in DR program.     

喀斯特山区居民地多尺度遥感信息提取精度对比

以贵州省典型喀斯特山区晴隆县为研究区,以分辨率分别为2.1 m的资源三号（ZY3）影像、10 m的哨兵二号（Sentinel-2）影像、16 m的高分一号（GF1）影像以及30 m的Landsat8影像为数据源,利用面向对象分类和人机交互相结合的方法提取研究区城市居民地、乡镇居民地和农村居民地,并将4种不同分辨率影像上提取的3种居民地信息与从0.5 m分辨率的普莱亚(Pleiades)影像通过目视解译且经实地核查得到的数据进行对比,计算出4种分辨率影像上3种居民地信息的提取精度,对提取结果进行精度对比分析。结果表明:（1）同一分辨率影像中,城镇居民地提取误差小于农村居民地;不同分辨率影像中,随影像分辨率大小的降低3种居民地中城市居民地的精度变化最小,为23.99%,农村居民地的数据精度变化最大,达到35.3%。（2）从2.1 m到30 m分辨率影像,居民地信息错分总误差快速增加,总误差比依次为:2.56%、15.58%、24.50%、32.72%,城市居民地错分误差比明显小于农村居民地,且3种居民地错分为其他地类面积最多的均是裸地;（3）随着影像分辨率大小的降低,居民地漏分总误差分别为2.86%,18.60% ,27.99%,37.49%,其中分散式的农村居民地识别更易受到周围环境的影响,漏分误差随影像分辨率大小降低而显著增加,4种分辨率影像中3种居民地信息漏分误差最小的均为水体,最大的是裸地和耕地。      

Suitability evaluation of rural residential areas under the threat of geological disasters:A case study in Yinchanggou watershed of Pengzhou City

At present, the research on the layout of rural residential areas in the mountainous environment under the threat of earthquake disasters and frequent geological disasters is still rare. Taking Yinchanggou watershed in Longmenshan Town of Pengzhou City as an example, based on the summary of the geological hazard development characteristics in this area, the authors carried out the hazard risk zoning through 8 indexes. Then the geological hazard risk zoning was used as the primary factor to evaluate the suitability of rural residential areas. Besides, combined with the topographical conditions, socio-economic situation and ecological environment, a suitable evaluation index system for rural residential land under the threat of geological disasters was constructed, with the restrictive conditions of extremely high-risk areas, single geological hazards, slopes ≥25° and basic farmland protection areas. Finally, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the suitability of residential land in Yinchanggou watershed of Pengzhou City. The results show that high suitability areas account for 4.2% of the total area of the study area, moderate suitability areas 11.4%, low suitability areas 10.5%, and unsuitable areas 73.8%. The “suitable” areas for rural residential land are mainly distributed along the highway, and some are multiple “blocky” concentrated distribution areas. The terrain is flat and the traffic condition is convenient, which can provide some guidance for the selection of new rural residential locations.     

地质灾害威胁下的农村居民点用地适宜性评价——以彭州市银厂沟流域为例

目前针对受震灾威胁、地质灾害频发的山地环境下的农村居民点布局研究尚不多见。该文以彭州市龙门山镇银厂沟流域为例,首先在总结分析区内地质灾害发育特征的基础上,基于8项指标进行地质灾害危险性分区; 然后,将地质灾害危险性区划结果作为影响农村居民点用地适宜性评价的首要因素,再结合地形条件、社会经济和生态环境等方面,以地质灾害极高危险区、单体地质灾害危害范围、坡度≥25°和基本农田保护区为限制性条件,构建地质灾害威胁下的农村居民点用地适宜性评价指标体系; 最后,采用模糊综合评价法对彭州市银厂沟流域内居民点用地适宜性进行评价分级。研究结果表明: 高度适宜区占研究区总面积的4.2%,中度适宜区占11.4%,低度适宜区占10.5%,不适宜区占73.8%; 农村居民点用地“适宜”区域主要沿公路分布,并存在多个“块状”集中分布区,这些地区地形平坦,交通条件便利,可为新农村住宅位置的选择提供指导意见。     

三峡库区开县农村移民居民点地质环境调查与评价

对三峡库区开县预选的 70多个农村移民居民点进行地质及环境调查。在此基础上根据居民点地质结构、边坡坡度、边坡成因、供水水源、环境地质灾害等单项要素对各居民点进行类型划分 ,然后全面考虑多种因素组合下 ,对建筑场地的适应性进行了综合分析 ,进而对不同场地的地质环境及其对移民建设的适应性进行等级划分与评价 ,针对不同工程地质及环境地质问题 ,提出相应的利用与保护措施及建议 ,以最大限度地适应自然条件。