新疆红海块状硫化物矿床三维地质建模及勘探应用

三维地质模型集成了大量的地质、地球物理、地球化学、遥感及钻孔数据,不仅具有直观可视化以及人工交互功能,而且能够反应地下深部构造信息,为矿产勘查提供强有力的依据.本文结合新疆哈密红海VMS型铜(锌)矿床,利用实测数据和解译数据在Gocad平台创建了三维地质模型.三维结构模型说明了收集的数据、建模的方法及流程,反应了矿体形态及地质体之间的主体关系,三维栅格模型具有的多信息属性显示了矿体中Cu品位的分布变化情况,Kriging法计算了黄土坡块段矿体资源量,并为勘探圈定了一个新的靶区.     

基于Voxler平台的成矿数据三维可视化研究与应用—以安徽马头铜钼矿为例

在系统统计分析的基础上,基于Voxler平台对安徽马头铜钼矿矿区品位数据建立三维矿化模型,系统研究矿化体在不同边界品位下的空间展布形态,确定矿床的天然边界品位;通过多角度剖切、矿化-岩性耦合模型、三维矿化梯度分析等工作,基本确定了矿体的空间展布形态和就位空间,划分出2个主要矿体。通过Voxler软件对矿床矿化数据三维建模及成矿控矿因素的应用研究,实现了一条快捷仿真模拟矿化体立体空间分布的有效途径。     

基于地质统计学与Surpac软件的夏甸金矿区矿化空间分析

矿区外围及深部的成矿预测需要对老矿区矿化空间分布进行定性分析,提取最有利的矿化指标,为控矿规律分析和成矿区圈定提供技术支持。文章以山东夏甸金矿床Ⅶ号矿体群为例,利用Surpac软件建立该矿区地质数据库,进行实验变异函数的计算与理论变异函数拟合,通过交叉验证,获取最优的搜索椭球体参数,构建搜索椭球体模型,揭示出矿体的矿化分布规律,最后在各三维坐标轴平面绘制矿化投影等值线图,直观地展示矿体内部金品位的连续方向,为矿化指标计算提供数据支撑。     

基于Micromine软件的澳大利亚某矿床铅锌品位分布规律研究

基于三维模型的矿床地质统计学研究,可以准确反应矿体的空间结构变化和品位的空间变化规律,在矿床评价中具有不可替代的作用。本文在已有的钻探工程数据基础上,借助三维建模软件以地质统计学思维对澳大利亚某矿床铅锌品位的空间分布特征及内在规律进行了揭示,通过对矿体铅锌品位在走向、倾向和厚度三个方向的理论变异函数的拟合,表明矿体呈明显的各向异性,在走向方向变程值较大,连续性较好,倾向方向次之。对矿体块体模型空间赋值,并进行投影分析,结果表明矿体沿走向向东矿化范围和强度均有扩大趋势,且在815800E线以东深部倾向方向铅锌品位逐渐增强,高品位矿化断续出现。因此矿区下一步勘查重点应该在矿体走向东部和815800E线以东的倾向延伸方向。     

老矿区深部资源量预测的地球化学方法——以江西九江城门山铜矿深部铜资源量预测为例

老矿区面临着提高资源保障能力和保证矿山长远发展的挑战,对其深部资源量进行预测具有重要的现实意义。以江西城门山铜矿深部铜资源量的预测为例,以富Cu地质体为资源量计算对象,通过函数拟合积分和三维地质体可视化模型,探讨用面金属量积分法和三维地质体块段法进行深部铜资源量预测的原理和具体操作流程。最后尝试利用这2种方法计算第一空间(0～-500m)和预测第二空间(-500～-1000m)的资源量。结果表明：第一空间2种方法均可行,计算结果与传统的储量计算结果十分接近;第二空间资源量预测以三维地质体块段法为宜。当铜矿体边界品位指标分别为0.3%和0.2%时,三维地质体块段法预测深部资源量为57.97×104t和137.58×104t,深部铜资源量主要集中在似层状含Cu黄铁矿中(Ⅰ号矿体)。     

老矿区深部资源量预测的地球化学方法——以江西九江城门山铜矿深部铜资源量预测为例

老矿区面临着提高资源保障能力和保证矿山长远发展的挑战.对其深部资源量进行预测具有重要的现实意义.以江西城门山铜矿深部铜资源量的预测为例,以富Cu地质体为资源量计算对象,通过函数拟合积分和三维地质体可视化模型,探讨用面金属量积分法和三维地质体块段法进行深部铜资源量预测的原理和具体操作流程.最后尝试利用这2种方法计算第一空间(0～-500m)和预测第二空间(-500～-1000m)的资源量.结果表明:第一空间2种方法均可行,计算结果与传统的储量计算结果十分接近;第二空间资源量预测以三维地质体块段法为宜.当铜矿体边界品位指标分别为0.3%和0.2%时.三维地质体块段法预测深部资源量为57.97×10~4t和137.58×l0~4t,深部铜资源量主要集中在似屡状含Cu黄铁矿中(I号矿体).     

大尹格庄金矿床矿体三维建模与矿化分布规律

文章根据勘探线地质剖面图钻孔样品化验数据和中段地质平面图坑道样品化验数据,利用Vulcan软件对大尹格庄金矿床矿体建立了两种三维实体模型,并将这两种模型结合起来,利用Datamine软件得到综合后的块体模型;运用地质统计学方法及Surpac软件,分析了①、②号两个矿（脉）体群的Au品位空间变化结构,并求得了搜索椭球体,实现了矿体和Au品位变化形态的空间分布展示;结合三维建模成果与矿体空间变化结构,分析得出了矿化分布规律.②号矿（脉）体群沿NE向继续展布的区域,是寻找深部隐伏矿体的有利部位.     

虎头崖铅锌多金属矿床矿体三维空间变化结构及分布规律

文章利用Vulcan和Datamine三维可视化软件建立了虎头崖铅锌多金属矿床矿体的三维实体模型、块体模型及地层三维实体模型;运用地质统计学方法分析了虎头崖矿区67线以东和117线以西矿体的Pb,Zn品位空间变化结构,得出搜索椭球体,实现了虎头崖铅锌多金属矿床矿体、地层形态和铅锌品位变化形态的空间分布展示;结合三维建模结果和铅锌矿体空间变化结构,总结出矿体空间分布规律,并用三维可视化软件对矿体分布规律进行显示,指导隐伏矿体的预测,寻找有利的找矿部位。     

各向异性矿化特征的分析与模拟 及其在储量估算中的应用

矿化作用往往是地质事件及局部过程共同作用的结果,导致矿体空间形态复杂多变、矿石品位呈各向异性、尺度不一的非线性空间变异模式.传统方法无论是在矿石量的计算方面还是在矿块内平均品位的确定上都存在多种误差,并且无法实现信息的动态管理及直观表达.文章以安庆铜矿中心矿区为例,采用对数块kriging与三维地学模拟技术相结合的方法...     

危机矿山深部、边部隐伏矿体的三维可视化预测——以安徽铜陵凤凰山矿田为例

以安徽铜陵凤凰山矿田为例,通过综合地质研究,构建了矿体定位预测概念模型。在地质勘探数据和物化探数据集成的基础上,采用三维地质建模技术,对地层、构造、岩浆岩、矿体等地质体进行了推断和圈定,构建了地质体的线框模型与块体模型。基于定位预测概念模型和地质体三维块体模型,通过地质空间定义和立体单元划分,建立了岩体及其表面形态起伏、接触带、地层、褶皱、断层等控矿地质因素的三维栅格场模型。在定量分析控矿地质因素与矿化分布的关系的基础上,建立了反应这种关联关系的矿体立体定量预测模型。预测模型提供矿田深部(-1000m标高以上)所有50m×50m×50m立体单元的铜品位、铜金属量和含矿概率的预测结果。基于预测结果圈定了4个深部找矿立体靶区,为深部找矿工程的设计、布置提供尚未发现的隐伏矿体的位置、品位、金属量等信息的指导。     

Simulation of mineral grades with hard and soft conditioning data: application to a porphyry copper deposit

This work deals with the geostatistical simulation of mineral grades whose distribution exhibits spatial trends within the ore deposit. It is suggested that these trends can be reproduced by using a stationary random field model and by conditioning the realizations to data that incorporate the available information on the local grade distribution. These can be hard data (e.g., assays on samples) or soft data (e.g., rock-type information) that account for expert geological knowledge and supply the lack of hard data in scarcely sampled areas. Two algorithms are proposed, depending on the kind of soft data under consideration: interval constraints or local moment constraints. An application to a porphyry copper deposit is presented, in which it is shown that the incorporation of soft conditioning data associated with the prevailing rock type improves the modeling of the uncertainty in the actual copper grades.     

江西德兴铜厂斑岩体铜品位的分形结构

铜厂斑岩体铜品位空间分布的分形研究表明,７个钻孔的铜品分布具有统计自相似性。铜吕位分维值由斑岩体南东侧向北西侧逐次增大,并在上盘表现为双重分维结构,表明铜厂玉岩体铜主要来自岩浆。     

Risk quantification with combined use of lithological and grade simulations: Application to a porphyry copper deposit

The uncertainty in the recoverable tonnages and grades in a mineral deposit is a key factor in the decision-making process of a mining project. Currently, the most prevalent approach to model the uncertainty in the spatial distribution of mineral grades is to divide the deposit into domains based on geological interpretation and to predict the grades within each domain separately. This approach defines just one interpretation of the geological domain layout and does not offer any measure of the uncertainty in the position of the domain boundaries and in the mineral grades. This uncertainty can be evaluated by use of geostatistical simulation methods. The aim of this study is to evaluate how the simulation of rock type domains and grades affects the resources model of Sungun porphyry copper deposit, northwestern Iran. Specifically, three main rock type domains (porphyry, skarn and late-injected dykes) that control the copper grade distribution are simulated over the region of interest using the plurigaussian model. The copper grades are then simulated in cascade, generating one grade realization for each rock type realization. The simulated grades are finally compared to those obtained using traditional approaches against production data.     

基于立方体模型的三维矿体模拟与资源评估

在成矿预测理论的指导下,利用已有的商业三维地质建模软件,建立了研究区地质、构造、钻孔、矿体的空间三维模型。在此基础上进行矿体品位估算与插值,建立了研究区立方体预测模型。从三维的角度分析矿体分布的不均匀性,以立方体预测模型为基础,应用三维矿体轮廓提取和品位描述算法,对矿体三维外部形态和内部品位的分布特征进行了详细分析,为今后矿区找矿指出了新方向。     

Co-simulating Total and Soluble Copper Grades in an Oxide Ore Deposit

In oxide copper deposits, the acid soluble copper represents the fraction of total copper recoverable by heap leaching. Two difficulties often complicate the joint modeling and simulation of total and soluble copper grades: the inequality constraint linking both grade variables and the sampling design for soluble copper grade, which may be preferential and cause biases in sample statistics. A methodology is presented in order to accurately estimate the total and soluble copper grade bivariate distribution, based on an explicit modeling of the conditional distributions of soluble copper grade. Co-simulation is then realized by converting the copper grades into Gaussian random fields, through stepwise conditional transformation, and by fitting a coregionalization model while accounting for the preferential sampling design. The proposed approach is illustrated through an application to an ore deposit located in northern Chile.     

复杂多金属矿床空间变异性套合技术研究与应用

半变异函数是分析区域化变量空间结构的核心内容和有效工具。文章以云南大红山铜铁多金属矿床作为研究对象,基于DIMINE软件平台,通过Cu、TFe、SFe主要成矿元素的统计特征的分析,并构建了沿走向、倾向及厚度方向上的变异函数球状模型,从而确立矿体主要变化方向上的变异函数参数。分析显示各元素具有明显的空间结构性,Cu元素品位呈几何异向性,而TFe、SFe元素品位呈带状异向性,运用模型叠加的方法建立了各向异性的套合结构模型,结合矿体的实际赋存条件及产出特征,总结出各成矿元素总体沿水平方向具有较强的连续性,而在厚度上表现出逐层均匀变化的特征。根据成矿元素品位空间变异性分析结果,为矿床矿化规律的研究提供重要依据,为后续生产工作提供理论指导。     

Comparing sequential Gaussian and turning bands algorithms for cosimulating grades in multi-element deposits

Stochastic simulation is increasingly used to map the spatial variability in the grades of elements of interest and to assess the uncertainty in the mineral resources and ore reserves. The practical implementation requires specifying a stochastic model, which describes the spatial distribution of the grades, and an algorithm to construct realizations of these grades, viewed as different possible outcomes or scenarios. In the case of the Gaussian random field model, a variety of algorithms have been proposed in the past decades, but their ability to reproduce the model statistics is often unequal. In this paper, we compare two such algorithms, namely the turning bands and the sequential algorithms. The comparison is hold through a synthetic case study and a real case study in a porphyry copper deposit located in southeastern Iran, in which it is of interest to jointly simulate the copper, molybdenum, silver, lead and zinc grades. Statistical testing and graphical validations are realized to check whether or not the realizations reproduce the features of the true grades, in particular their direct and cross variograms. Sequential simulation based on collocated cokriging turns out to poorly reproduce the cross variograms, while turning bands proves to be accurate in all the analyzed cases.