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本文介绍了2000国家大地坐标系(CGCS2000)产生的背景,分析了采用2000国家大地坐标系的重要意义,并根据其定义给出CGCS2000椭球的主要几何和物理参数,比较这些参数与GRS80、WGS84椭球相应参数之间的差异,给出CGCS2000椭球与GRS80及WGS84椭球定义的正常重力值的差异,并分析在CGCS2000和GRS80及WGS84系下同一点经纬度的差异。 相似文献
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针对坐标系及其坐标转换在地质勘探测量工作中的重要意义,介绍几种典型坐标系,为坐标系选择提供参考,并详细分析了一种坐标转换方法。 相似文献
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全曲轴坐标系图形量化方法及其在地学信息可视化中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
曲轴坐标系是对传统直线坐标系的扩展,由曲轴坐标系构成的量化图形造型丰富、活泼生动、组合方式多样,是量化图形发展的又一重要途径.全曲轴坐标系是曲轴坐标系统中的一类,是量化图形的数学基础之一.该文通过对全曲轴坐标系的构成、基础坐标网和组合图形的研究.展现了全曲轴坐标系量化图形用于表现各类统计数据的能力.以<2005年中国统计年鉴>为数据源,绘制多种全曲轴坐标系图形图谱并进行分析,对实际的地学统计数据进行直观展现.同时,进行曲轴坐标系量化图形专题制图系统的研发,为全曲轴坐标系在地学信息可视化中的应用提供参考. 相似文献
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现阶段农村土地承包经营权确权登记颁证工作采用的是2000国家大地坐标系,权属调查中的承包地块调查内容包含土地用途、地力等级、利用类型和是否基本农田等信息,这些信息资料需要从当地国土、林业等相关部门收集。这些信息资料通常多以数据库、电子图件、电子表格等形式存在,其中涉及的坐标系通常为1954年北京坐标系或1980西安坐标系。如何把收集的资料中的坐标转换成CGCS2000坐标就成为非常紧迫和十分重要的任务。但是,从2009年开展农村土地承包经营权确权登记颁证工作试点至今,针对这项工作的图件及数据坐标转换的研究较少。针对此问题,本文从实际应用出发,以山西省某县为例,首先通过对比两种坐标转换方法的转换结果,确定了在县域范围内采用七参数法,接着又提出了一种应用南方CASS及TGO等软件对图件及数据进行坐标转换的方案,并通过实践验证了该方案的正确性和可行性,这种坐标转换方案流程简单,易掌握,可以有效提升工作效率。本文还对本项工作中涉及坐标转换的关键环节提出了注意事项。 相似文献
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数字化基础地理信息已成为国土、测绘、水利、城建、灾害监测、通信等领域进行决策、管理、规划、建设不可缺少的支撑手段。对数字化测绘产品的需求量越来越大,尤其在采用坐标系方面均要求使用2000国家大地坐标系,经国务院批准,根据《中华人民共和国测绘法》,我国从2008年7月1日起启用2000国家大地坐标系,自正式启用以来,其优越性逐渐得到体现,本文对几种坐标系的定义、转化、区别做了详细介绍,并指出使用和转换时应注意的问题。 相似文献
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南极数据管理是南极条约协商会议(ATCM)、南极科学研究委员会(SCAR)、国家南极局局长理事会(COMNAP)共同关心并且一直关注的热点问题,也是以新的研究方式、先进的技术手段来积极促进国际南极研究发展的综合性问题。南极数据管理特别规划组在一些成员国和国际机构作出许多主动性努力的基础上把建立和开发南极数据目录系统(ADDS)作为建立和发展国际南极数据(信息)管理系统的首要基础建设加以规划。SCAR-COMNAP南极数据管理联合委员会(JCADM)将全面组织和协调国际南极数据管理工作的发展和ADDS的实施。本文介绍了相关的国际背景,解析了南极数据管理国际框架的构成。在这个基本框架下,针对我国南极数据管理工作的现实情况进行了初部探讨,提出了便于付诸实际操作的若干方法,并阐述了相应的学术见解。 相似文献
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现代南极研究需要现代信息技术的支持。开发利用信息资源 ,强化信息导向的作用 ,是南极领域自身建设的科学思想基础。本文以现代信息技术为经 ,以现代南极研究为纬 ,从软科学和系统科学的角度 ,宏观地俯瞰了南极研究的现在与未来 ,从不同侧面阐述了信息技术对南极研究的支持作用 ,强调了全方位、大科学化的重要性。南极研究作为最能体现国际合作的特殊领域 ,在开拓南极的科学独特性和南极的全球作用两大核心课题时 ,势必从各个层次上系统地应用现代信息技术 ,为参与全球计划的各大尺度问题的研究提供必要的支持。在我国的南极事业中 ,如何造就一个与国际南极研究同步的开放环境 ,加速信息资源的开发利用并能以有效、系统、经济、合理的方式进行 ,是时代赋予的机会 ,也是面临的新挑战 ,更是发展的必然。建立计算机化的南极信息系统是实现决策和管理科学化 ;增强南极活动中的运营能力 ;提高科研水平、加快科研进程的必要途径 ,是加入国际南极信息网络的前提与基础 ,也是全面促进和积极推动现代南极研究深入发展的重要环节。这项综合性的社会技术系统工程的实现 ,需要一个不断深化完善和动态发展的持续过程。 相似文献
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《极地研究》1990,1(1):49-57
It is the main task of the antarctic surveying expedition to establish the surveying system. In three times of the antarctic surveying research expeditions, a complete and accurate surveying system has been established in the Chinese Great Wall Station area. The surveying system includes geodetic coordinate system, elevation system and gravity reference system. In this paper, the surveying methods and the mathematical models for establishing these systems are discussed, and the accuracy of results is analysed. 相似文献
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The problem of incompatible projections and conversion between mapping systems is of general concern to those involved in the collection of natural resources data. The Ghana National Grid (GNG) is an example of a mapping system that is not defined in image processing and GIS software and for which the transformation parameters are not readily available in the literature. Consequently, integrating GNG topographic map data within a GIS with data derived from other sources can be problematic. In this paper a practical solution for deriving the required transformation parameters to convert from the World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84) to the GNG system is demonstrated. The method uses a single geodetic control point, available 1:50 000 topographic maps and a SPOT satellite panchromatic image geo-referenced to GNG. The resultant parameters are applied to road survey data in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) format for overlay with the SPOT image. Despite the approximations made in applying the method, when compared against official estimates of the datum transformation parameters, this relatively simple procedure resulted in estimates that appear acceptable in regard to combining data sets at a nominal scale of 1:50000. 相似文献
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经1985年12月~1987年3月,三年度夏测绘科学考察,在中国南极长城站地区建立了一套完整的、精确的测绘基准系统。它包括大地坐标系统、高程系统和重力参考系统。本文叙述了建立这些基准系统的方法和数学模型,并分析了测量精度。 相似文献
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M. A. Khan 《Geophysical Journal International》1983,72(2):327-331
Summary. A new value of the Earth's dynamical ellipticity H , defined as the ratio of the difference between the Earth's polar and mean equatorial moments of inertia to its polar moment of inertia, is derived from the most recent, and accurate, values of the Earth's equinoxial precession, the Earth—Moon mass ratio μ and other appropriate data, and a re-evaluation of the numerical procedures involved. This value is an order of magnitude more accurate than its previous values and yields an equivalent improvement in accuracy in other geodynamical quantities derived from H . The new value is consistent with the new System of Astronomical Constants and the new Geodetic Reference System 1980 and is suitable for use in the many astronomical, geophysical and geodetic applications of H . 相似文献
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Geodetic observations of ice flow velocities over the southern part of subglacial Lake Vostok, Antarctica, and their glaciological implications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jens Wendt Reinhard Dietrich Mathias Fritsche Anja Wendt Alexander Yuskevich rey Kokhanov Anton Senatorov Valery Lukin Kazuo Shibuya Koichiro Doi 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,166(3):991-998
In the austral summer seasons 2001/02 and 2002/03, Global Positioning System (GPS) data were collected in the vicinity of Vostok Station to determine ice flow velocities over Lake Vostok. Ten GPS sites are located within a radius of 30 km around Vostok Station on floating ice as well as on grounded ice to the east and to the west of the lake. Additionally, a local deformation network around the ice core drilling site 5G-1 was installed.
The derived ice flow velocity for Vostok Station is 2.00 m a−1 ± 0.01 m a−1 . Along the flowline of Vostok Station an extension rate of about 10−5 a−1 (equivalent to 1 cm km−1 a−1 ) was determined. This significant velocity gradient results in a new estimate of 28 700 years for the transit time of an ice particle along the Vostok flowline from the bedrock ridge in the southwest of the lake to the eastern shoreline. With these lower velocities compared to earlier studies and, hence, larger transit times the basal accretion rate is estimated to be 4 mm a−1 along a portion of the Vostok flowline. An assessment of the local accretion rate at Vostok Station using the observed geodetic quantities yields an accretion rate in the same order of magnitude. Furthermore, the comparison of our geodetic observations with results inferred from ice-penetrating radar data indicates that the ice flow may not have changed significantly for several thousand years. 相似文献
The derived ice flow velocity for Vostok Station is 2.00 m a
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Bofeng Li Yunzhong Shen Xingfu Zhang Chuang Li 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(8):1572-1592
Affine transformation that allows the axis-specific rotations and scalars to capture the more transformation details has been extensively applied in a variety of geospatial fields. In tradition, the computation of affine parameters and the transformation of non-common points are individually implemented, in which the coordinate errors only of the target system are taken into account although the coordinates in both target and source systems are inevitably contaminated by random errors. In this article, we propose the seamless affine error-in-variables (EIV) transformation model that computes the affine parameters and transforms the non-common points simultaneously, importantly taking into account the errors of all coordinates in both datum systems. Since the errors in coefficient matrix are involved, the seamless affine EIV model is nonlinear. We then derive its least squares iterative solution based on the Euler–Lagrange minimization method. As a case study, we apply the proposed seamless affine EIV model to the map rectification. The transformation accuracy is improved by up to 40%, compared with the traditional affine method. Naturally, the presented seamless affine EIV model can be applied to any application where the transformation estimation of points fields in the different systems is involved, for instance, the geodetic datum transformation, the remote sensing image matching, and the LiDAR point registration. 相似文献
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“全南极 GPS国际联测”已经进行了 6期观测。我们选取了位于西南极乔治王岛地区的 7个 GPS站 ,并加入 2个 IGS站 ,分别对 1 995、1 996、1 998年的同期 (GPS年积日 0 2 0 - 0 4 0 )观测数据进行了基线处理 ,相对精度可达 1 0 - 8- 1 0 - 9。并对 GAMIT软件解算得到的松弛解和强约束解分别进行了网平差处理 ,结果证明该地区比较稳定 ,总体上有 1 0 mm/a左右向西南方向的运动趋势。 相似文献