磁测成果圈定半坡镁铁岩体及推断深部形态

半坡地区地面高精度磁测成果发现正磁异常与镁铁—超镁铁岩体的关系比较密切。随即开展△T异常圈定镁铁—超镁铁岩体范围,推断岩体的大大致形态,为在岩体中寻找岩浆岩型镍铜铂钯矿提供深部岩体形态资料。     

新疆香山铜镍硫化物矿床岩浆深部过程与找矿方向探讨

香山铜镍矿体主要赋存于香山中岩体,与东天山地区其他典型铜镍矿床形成时代、岩浆源区性质、部分熔融程度及构造背景一致,香山铜镍矿床中镁铁-超镁铁岩在岩体中所占比例小于20%,明显低于图拉尔根矿床超锾铁岩比例(约90%),暗示与图拉尔根矿床相比香山地区铜镍矿剥蚀深度较小,深部具有继续寻找超镁铁质含矿岩体的潜力。香山矿床3个主要矿体(Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ和Ⅱ号矿体)由西向东Cu含量逐渐降低,Ni/Cu平均值分别为1.49、1.74和2.25,呈逐渐增加的趋势,且由西向东超镁铁岩比例变大,这都表明含硫化物珠滴的岩浆流动为由东向西。高精度重力和磁法测量表明香山东和香山中岩体深部应该是相连的,二者结合部位是深部含矿岩浆上升的通道。可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)揭示深部存在低阻异常体,结合已施工的ZK4401和ZK5202地质资料,认为该低阻异常体为含矿超镁铁岩的主体,是下一步深部找矿的重点勘查对象。     

吉林红旗岭铜镍矿床综合找矿模型

以矿区地质背景、含矿岩体地质特征为基础，分析了吉林红旗岭钢镍矿床的成矿过程。提出含矿岩体是受构造控制的海西期镁铁—超模铁质岩体，岩体具有轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的特征的地球化学信息和低阻、高磁、高重力的地球物理异常等信息。结合地球化学与地球物理勘查方法建立了红旗岭钢镍矿床综合找矿模型，利用找矿模型评价了红旗岭矿区的岩体，确定沿老砬子-付家-黄瓜营子断裂带分布的镁铁-超模铁质岩体是找寻矿床的有利靶区。其中1号、7号岩体的深部应作为找寻大中型富矿岩体或隐代富矿岩体的有利靶区。     

西藏东坡蛇绿岩体深部结构的地球物理特征及其找矿意义

在西藏西部雅鲁藏布江南岸的东坡岩体进行了多种方法的地球物理探测,由地面磁测精确定位的航空磁测异常反演了东坡岩体深部磁性体范围;反射地震探测划分出了与地表出露蛇绿岩体反射波特征不同的岩体下部弱反射部位;同时,由大地电磁法确定了岩体下部的低阻体也都处于大致相同的部位。地面出露的蛇绿岩体向下延伸,整体呈锅底状,其中部具有较低电阻和弱反射波特征,同时,在1.5~3.0 km范围的磁性矿物相对较发育,可能正是含铬岩体矿化蚀变作用较强的地段,在罗布莎矿区有类似的特征,这对找矿是有利的部位。     

东天山图拉尔根大型铜镍矿区两个镁铁-超镁铁岩体的锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

图拉尔根铜镍矿位于新疆黄山-镜儿泉铜镍矿带东段,其发现和探明是近年来该区带找矿的重大突破。矿区内分布有Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号3个小岩体,其中Ⅰ号岩体含矿性最佳,勘查程度也最高。Ⅰ号杂岩体为一同构造基性-超基性杂岩体,具有典型的环带状岩相分带结构。图拉尔根Ⅰ号岩体的辉长岩单颗粒锆石SHRIMP U-Pb精确定年结果为300.5±3.2Ma,而Ⅱ号岩体锆石SIMS U-Pb精确定年结果为357.5±2.5Ma,明显早于Ⅰ号岩体。Ⅰ号岩体成岩时代为晚石炭世-早二叠世,与东天山地区大多数镁铁-超镁铁岩体的形成时代相近,而Ⅱ号岩体时代为早石炭世,表明二者不是同期岩浆活动的产物,其形成背景与东天山早二叠世大规模成矿期的碰撞后伸展背景形成的基性-超基性侵入岩体不同。稀土元素及微量元素分析表明,两个岩体的轻重稀土分异明显,都为向右倾的轻稀土富集型配分模式,具负的Nb、Ta异常。但Ⅱ号岩体的斜率高于Ⅰ号岩体。Ⅰ号岩体富集大离子亲石元素Rb,Th轻微亏损,高场强元素Zr、Hf呈正异常,而Ⅱ号岩体明显亏损Rb,富集Ba,同时有Sr的正异常和Zr、Hf的明显负异常。Ⅰ号岩体微量元素具有Nb、Ta相对于Th、La亏损,Ba、Th、U含量高的特点,表现出地壳物质混染的特征。Ⅱ、Ⅲ号岩体目前所见均以辉长岩为主体岩石类型,含矿性较差。Ⅱ号岩体和Ⅰ号岩体微量元素富集特征不一致,也显示这两个岩体的母岩浆性质可能不尽相同,但两个岩体的微量元素特征都显示出遭受了一定程度的地壳混染,这对成矿是有利的。由于Ⅱ、Ⅲ号岩体发育有高磁、高重力和低阻异常,我们尚不能排除其深部产出矿化的可能性,有必要开展进一步的勘查评价。图拉尔根两个镁铁-超镁铁岩体的最新定年结果,将东天山地区与铜镍硫化物矿床相伴的镁铁-超镁铁质岩浆活动时限提前了10Ma,为在该区进一步找矿提供了年代学依据。     

辽东半岛五龙金矿床航空电磁场特征及找矿意义

五龙金矿床位于五龙矿集区中部,是矿集区内规模大的石英脉型金矿。为查明矿集区深部构造及指导深部找矿预测,需结合深部地球物理资料综合分析研究。本文基于五龙矿集区航空探测任务,并结合其成矿地质特征,研究了五龙金矿在平面、剖面、空间等维度的航磁、航空TEM、航空大地电磁特征及其找矿意义。研究表明：平面上矿体位于鸡心沟断裂东侧负磁背景场中NE与近SN、NW向弱磁异常带交汇处,中等 强剩余磁异常带的转折端、梯度带,视电阻率低阻区及中低阻梯度带,深部存在团块状视磁化率高值区;剖面上矿体位于“左低右高,上高下低”的视电阻率梯度带上,呈中低阻、低阻特征及强磁场区至弱磁场区的视磁化率梯度带上,呈浅部“上高下低”、深部“下高上低”的中等 弱磁特征;空间上矿体位于鸡心沟断裂东侧的断裂构造低阻带与岩体高阻异常带的梯度带。五龙金矿地质地球物理找矿标志的建立和深部高视磁化率异常区的存在,表明矿区深部1000~2000m空间与五龙金矿体视电阻率、视磁化率特征相似的地段,仍具有较好找矿潜力。     

北疆二叠纪镁铁-超镁铁岩铜、镍矿床的构造背景、岩体类型、基本特征、相对剥蚀程度、含矿性评价标志及成矿潜力分析

北疆地区不同构造单元内分布大量的镁铁-超镁铁质岩体,含铜镍硫化物矿化的岩体集中于早二叠世。含铜镍岩体顶与底的识别是一世界性难题,而对深部矿与隐伏矿的勘查十分重要。根据这些镁铁-超镁铁岩体地表出露面积大小和岩相期次,可分为大岩体(大于5～40km2)、小复式岩体(1～3km2)和单式岩体(小于0.1km2)三类。三类岩体在岩体形态、产状、岩相构成、超镁铁质岩相所占比例、赋矿岩相、矿体空间分布以及矿石中Cu/Ni值等方面都有所不同。根据岩体和矿化的基本特征,结合矿物粒度、蚀变强弱、有无同期玄武岩、辉绿岩等,可以综合判定岩体的相对剥蚀程度与埋深。相对剥蚀程度结合区域上元素化探异常和地球物理异常的细微差别,可作为评价镁铁-超镁铁岩体的铜、镍成矿潜力的有力工具。镁铁质岩墙、小岩体、小岩体群、产于大辉长岩体中的小的超镁铁岩露头,强烈蚀变的镁铁-超镁铁岩区,重磁异常区,物化探异常叠加区等均是今后北疆寻找小岩体大矿床的重点靶区。     

东天山黄山-镜儿泉地区二叠纪地质-成矿-热事件:幔源岩浆内侵及其地壳效应

东天山黄山-镜儿泉地区位于康古尔弧后盆地闭合带东段,该盆地于石炭纪末因弧-陆碰撞而闭合.二叠纪时本区进入碰撞后伸展阶段,并形成了时代相近的、如下一组地质特征:1)20多个镁铁-超镁铁岩体(其中有一部分产有工业铜镍矿床);2)低压高温变质作用和混合岩化;3)形成深度较浅(8～12 km)的韧性剪切带;4)原地改造型片麻状花岗岩;5)块状过铝花岗岩;6)与过铝花岗岩有关的锂铍伟晶岩矿床.此外,黄山-镜儿泉位于一个被推测为巨大镁铁质岩体的区域布伽重力和航磁高值区的边部.该处在人工地震剖面上表现为一个波速为6.99 km/s的高速层,其厚约22 km.这些特征表明,该区在二叠纪时期是一个热穹窿,其面积约5000～8000 km18,而该热穹窿乃由地壳内部的一个幔源岩浆内侵体所引起.正是这个内侵体在黄山谎儿泉地区造成了地壳岩石的低压高温变质作用、混合岩化和部分熔融.在内侵体热量和流体的影响下,韧性剪切得以在壳内较浅层次发生.与内侵有关的变质-超变质作用所释放出的流体和熔体强烈改造韧性剪切和细粒化的地壳岩石,即形成了片麻状花岗岩.部分熔融所产生的过铝花岗岩形成了以锂、铍等稀有金属为特色的伟晶岩矿床.本区存在同时代的钙碱性-高钾钙碱性花岗岩,表明底侵与内侵曾在这里相伴发生.众多的锾铁-超镁铁岩是底侵和内侵岩浆在地壳浅部的显示.侵入岩的年龄数据似乎表明,本区直接来自幔源岩浆的镁铁-超镁铁岩就位最早,与底侵有关的钙碱性-高钾钙碱性花岗岩次之,而作为内侵产物的过铝花岗岩最晚.过铝花岗岩与镁铁-超镁铁岩之间的时差可能代表了从幔源岩浆结晶到由内侵产生的岩浆结晶之间的时差.康古尔断裂是一条超岩石圈断裂,在碰撞后伸展阶段为幔源岩浆提供了良好的上升通道,因此内侵很容易在此地此时发生.与底侵一样,内侵是壳幔相互作用和地壳垂向增生的重要方式,也是花岗岩浆生成的重要机制.区域重力和航磁异常、人工地震中部地壳高速层、时代相近的地表锾铁-超镁铁岩、低压高温变质岩、混合岩、浅层次韧性剪切带、原地改造成因片麻状花岗岩、异地过铝花岗岩和有关的稀有金属矿床,过铝花岗岩中的幔源岩石包体或幔源流体可以用作为内侵体的识辨标志.     

豫西洛宁县铁炉坪Ag多金属矿床的CSAMT剖面及找矿意义

为获得新的深部找矿靶区,在铁炉坪Ag多金属矿床实施了CSAMT法测深。CSAMT剖面中,高、中、低电阻率异常体边界清晰、形态各异,高阻异常体具有上、下双层结构,低阻异常体出露较小,多呈孤立形态产出,主要有400m低阻异常体和1400m低阻异常体。高阻异常体被解释为浅部和深部两层岩浆和深部流体活动的产物,推测深部高阻异常体以岩浆体系为主,浅部高阻异常体应是岩浆体系、深部流体体系及围岩硅化蚀变等的综合反映。400m低阻异常体对应于于地表剖面线400m~600m之间的主矿脉,表明它是深部成矿流体的显示,提出1400m低阻异常体为新的深部找矿靶区。     

新疆哈密葫芦岩浆Cu-Ni矿勘查地球物理异常特征

新疆哈密葫芦岩浆Cu-Ni矿处在土墩-黄山-镜儿泉-图拉尔根镁铁-超镁铁杂岩带的东部,矿区出露石炭系上统梧桐窝子组变质火山岩地层,橄榄岩、辉橄岩多见,是这个带上典型的镁铁-超镁铁岩型硫化物矿床。研究总结矿区勘查地球物理异常特征有助于深化整个杂岩带Cu-Ni矿勘查。根据新近在矿区开展的1∶5 000高精度磁法和瞬变电磁测深成果以及前人的激电剖面成果,将各种方法探测的异常与葫芦岩体和矿体的位置进行对比,发现葫芦岩体对应的是中高磁性、高极化率和中低电阻率异常组合;ΔT一般在500 nT以上,η_a大于6%,ρ_a小于200 Ω·m,是这个带上寻找这类含矿岩体的重要标志。根据钻探结果,在立体空间分析了这3种异常的成因和与矿体的关系,指出更低的低阻异常并不一定是矿体的反应。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)