基于三频信噪比的北斗多路径检测

在观测导航卫星信号时,根据多路径信号相对于直接信号的滞后情况,多路径干扰对载波、伪距观测值产生影响,同时对信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR)会产生相似的影响。由于载波相位滞后大小与频率相关,同样信噪比在每个频率上的扰动是也不同的。提出一种利用在观测环境良好的情况下获得的信噪比差分结果建立一个统计阈值,通过比较测量过程中信噪比的差分值与该阈值的大小关系来检测北斗多路径的方法。静态测量和动态测量实验表明,该方法对于检验多路径影响具有较高的准确性和可行性。     

利用信噪比削弱GPS多路径效应的研究

由于多路径误差的非时空相关性,使其成为双差模型中较难解除的误差源。本文利用观测值的信噪比对观测值质量进行评价,通过降低受多路径效应影响的观测值的权重,从而达到削减多路径误差的目的。最后通过实验数据解算结果的重复性验证了此方法的有效性和可靠性。     

小波分析和经验模态分解对BDS多路径误差削弱对比研究

在利用北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）进行高精度变形监测时,BDS信号产生的多路径效应是影响变形监测数据精度和可靠性的一个不可忽视的误差源. BDS有三种不同的轨道卫星,所形成的多路径误差较为复杂. 基于坐标域的多路径误差使用小波分析(Wavelet)和经验模态分解(EMD)进行原始序列降噪,对降噪后序列使用改进恒星日滤波(ASF)进行多路径误差剔除,两种方法分别对基线精度的E方向改善了38.6％和40.8％,N方向改善了59.1％和61.0％,U方向改善了57.8％和57.9％,EMD对坐标序列的平滑和基线精度改善较优.      

GPS多路径误差滤波方法比较研究

基于GPS多路径时间序列,分别采用Vondrak滤波、经验模式分解(EMD)和小波滤波3种方法构建了GPS多路径误差修正模型,并将其用于削弱多路径效应.通过对模拟数据及实测数据的分析表明,3种方法都能有效地分离不同噪声水平下时间序列中的信号和噪声.同时,利用3种方法构建的多路径修正模型可有效地削弱多路径效应的影响,提高GPS定位精度,但3种方法的优缺点各有不同.     

顾及有色噪声的卡尔曼滤波在多路径误差削弱中的应用

多路径误差为一时空环境效应,难以构建准确数学模型消除其影响,且该误差在基线两端不具有空间相关性,运用现有差分技术也无法很好消除,是高精度短基线测量中主要误差之一．为进一步削弱多路径误差,本文以监测站坐标时间序列中多路径误差为研究对象,根据多路径误差在历元间的时变特性,建立多路径误差状态空间模型,采用标准卡尔曼滤波和顾及有色噪声的卡尔曼滤波从监测站第一天双差固定解坐标残差序列中估计多路径误差改正序列,并根据多路径误差的周日重复特性,利用第一天得到的多路径误差改正序列对之后各天坐标序列进行改正．最后通过实验分析,得出顾及有色噪声的卡尔曼滤波估计方法优于标准卡尔曼滤波的结论．研究方法对提高GNSS定位精度具有重要实用价值．      

BDS伪距多路径效应误差分析及修正

北斗星座包含3类卫星,即GEO、IGSO和MEO,GEO卫星高度角变化微小,伪距多路径观测序列系统偏差较明显;IGSO、MEO卫星随多路径序列系统偏差随卫星高度角变化,多路径误差对单个接收机定位结果影响较大.本文针对GEO卫星伪距观测值偏差问题提出了一种基于卡尔曼滤波的修正方法,利用3 d的多路径效应误差观测序列进行拟合后,利用拟合值修正,修正后的GEO卫星多路径观测序列标准差下降了31％.     

利用信噪比削弱多路径误差的方法研究

多路径效应是卫星导航定位中重要的误差源,在分析多路径效应的产生原理以及多路径效应与信噪比相关性的基础上,提出了可利用信噪比削弱多路径效应的方法,并利用自测的GPS观测数据进行了验证.     

GPS变形监测中多路径效应的削弱方法研究

主要从GPS的基本观测方程出发,通过数学分析的方法,在GPS观测值之间建立数学模型,进一步分别推导了伪距观测值和相位观测值中多路径效应的影响。此外,主要研究了利用相位平滑伪距削弱伪距多路径误差的方法和利用小波分析的方法对GPS多路径值序列进行分解和重构,提取出高精度的多路径误差,并通过实验数据分析了几种方法中的多路径效应影响。     

GNSS数据质量分析

GNSS载波相位观测值受观测噪声和接收机钟跳等的影响,其周跳检验量序列随时间发生变化。为构造稳健而又敏感的周跳检验量,需对不同系统的卫星数据质量进行分析,而多路径效应和信噪比则是影响观测数据质量的重要指标。本文重点分析了GPS与BDS卫星数据的多路径效应及信噪比,并提出了一种接收机时钟的钟跳探测方法,即采用双频相位观测值的O-C值,通过消电离层线性组合进行钟跳探测。     

变形监测中GPS多路径效应的削弱方法研究

本文主要从GPS的基本观测方程出发,通过数学分析的方法,在GPS观测值之间建立数学模型,进一步推导了伪距观测值和相位观测值中多路径效应的影响.此外,主要研究了利用相位平滑伪距削弱伪距多路径误差的方法,以及利用小波分析的方法对GPS多路径值序列进行分解和重构,提取出高精度的多路径误差,并通过实验数据分析了几种方法中的多路径效应.     

基于BDS三频信噪比的多径误差检测技术研究

多径误差指间接波对直接波的破坏性干涉而引起的接收机与卫星的距离误差,具有时变特性,难以通过模型改正或差分技术等方法予以消除. 但在存在多径干扰的情况下,同一颗卫星不同频率上的信噪比会发生波动,基于该特征,本文提出一种用信噪比检测多径误差的方法:基于北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）三频信噪比的多径误差数据,建立一个关于信噪比的统计量Ss_a?(实验环境)以及计算开阔环境(低多径环境)的检测阈值T,通过比较Ss_a 与T的大小关系来检测BDS卫星多径误差. 实验结果表明:该方法可以有效探测BDS卫星多径误差,并基于检测阈值和位置精度因子(PDOP)的变化对该某段时间内的卫星予以剔除,获得更好的定位效果.      

Adaptive wavelet transform based on cross-validation method and its application to GPS multipath mitigation

Global positioning system (GPS) multipath disturbance is a bottleneck problem that limits the accuracy of precise GPS positioning applications. A method based on the technique of cross-validation for automatically identifying wavelet signal layers is developed and used for separating noise from signals in data series, and applied to mitigate GPS multipath effects. Experiments with both simulated data series and real GPS observations show that the method is a powerful signal decomposer, which can successfully separate noise from signals as long as the noise level is lower than about half of the magnitude of the signals. A multipath correction model is derived based on the proposed method and the sidereal day-to-day repeating property of GPS multipath signals to remove multipath effects on GPS observations and to improve the quality of the GPS measurements.     

Filtering GPS time-series using a Vondrak filter and cross-validation

Multipath disturbance is one of the most important error sources in high-accuracy global positioning system (GPS) positioning and navigation. A new data filtering method, based on the Vondrak filter and the technique of cross-validation, is developed for separating signals from noise in data series, and applied to mitigate GPS multipath effects in applications such as deformation monitoring. Both simulated data series and real GPS observations are used to test the proposed method. It is shown that the method can be used to successfully separate signals from noise at different noise levels, and for varying signal frequencies as long as the noise level is lower than the magnitude of the signals. A multipath model can be derived, based on the current-day GPS observations, with the proposed method and used to remove multipath errors in subsequent days of GPS observations when taking advantage of the sidereal day-to-day repeating characteristics of GPS multipath signals. Tests have shown that the reduction in the root mean square (RMS) values of the GPS errors ranges from 20% to 40% when the method is applied.     

球面多路径格网的恒星日滤波算法及其在PPP中的应用

针对传统的观测值域恒星日滤波在卫星精密单点定位（precise point positioning,PPP）应用中存在的问题,提出球面多路径格网的恒星日滤波算法并应用到静态PPP中,设计了确定格网大小的统计方法,给出了算法的实施步骤。利用全球分布的10个IGS监测站接收的GPS卫星实测数据进行了试验验证,结果表明,本文算法能够明显削弱地面连续运行监测站载波相位观测量的多路径误差;应用本文算法后,1~3 h的静态PPP定位精度得到明显提高,E、N、U三方向RMS分别提高41.59%、38.60%、36.96%。     

基于三频SNR数据探测北斗GEO卫星多径效应

多径误差是全球卫星导航系统（global navigation satellite system,GNSS）高精度实时定位的主要误差源。由于多径效应具有时变特性且与观测环境有关,难以有效探测与剔除,尤其是动态定位领域。鉴于多径效应对于同颗卫星不同频率观测值影响不同,本文采用三频信噪比（signal-noise ratio,SNR）频率间差分数据,设计算法探测北斗对地静止卫星（geostationary orbit satellite,GEO）多径误差,并依据开阔环境SNR频间差分数据序列进行统计分析,确定其探测阈值。实验结果表明,北斗GEO卫星易受多径误差影响,传统方法难以实时有效探测,本文提出的新方法可有效探测GEO多径误差,并基于设定的阈值对其数据进行降权或剔除,可应用于GNSS数据质量控制。     

削弱GNSS多路径效应的半天球格网点建模方法

多路径效应与测站观测环境相关,无法利用差分的方式消除或削弱,是GPS精密数据处理时的主要误差源。为此,本文提出了一种利用半天球格网点模型削弱测站多路径误差影响的新方法MHGM(multi-point hemispherical grid model)。该方法对以测站为球心的半天球进行格网点划分,通过格网点的参数化描述,实现测站处多路径误差建模,可适用于现有各类GPS数据处理的软硬件设备和观测环境。本文算例的测试结果表明,采用新方法建模后双差观测值残差的RMS均值改善率平均在73.9%左右,较传统恒星日滤波方法的改善效果平均可提升26.9%,对于静态观测数据,按实时动态相对定位处理模式可获得平面精度约1.7 mm,高程精度约3.0 mm的定位结果。此外,MHGM模型还可进一步用于对测站周边可能存在的多路径误差源进行方位评估,对从物理意义上消除多路径误差源的影响给出一定的指导性意见。     

Characteristics of multipath effects in GPS dynamic deformation monitoring

IntroductionThere are many factors that affect the precisionand reliability of GPS measuring. Generally, theerror sources can be grouped into the followingthree classes: errors correlated with the satellites(such as ephemeris error, satellite clock error,…     

A new method to mitigate multipath error in single-frequency GPS receiver with wavelet transform

One of the major errors in high-precision GPS positioning is multipath. Multipath effect modeling and reduction have been a challenging issue in high-accuracy GPS positioning applications due to its special properties. Different methods have been employed to mitigate this error including hardware and software approaches. We reduce C/A code multipath error by adopting an efficient software method which uses wavelet transform as a basic data processing trend. The key idea of the proposed method is using stationary wavelet transform (SWT) in GPS signal data processing. Since we have used SWT, there is complete access to high-frequency and low-frequency terms in both time and frequency domains, and we can apply appropriated procedures to mitigate this error. The multipath error mostly is a low-frequency term. In our proposed method, the double difference (DD) residuals are applied to the SWT to identify the multipath disturbance. The extracted multipath is then used to correct DD observations. Our experiments include three data sets to investigate the proposed method and compare it with existing algorithms. We used simulations for two of these data sets. The results indicate the efficiency of the proposed method over existing algorithms.     

Development and testing of a new ray-tracing approach to GNSS carrier-phase multipath modelling

Multipath is one of the most important error sources in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) carrier-phase-based precise relative positioning. Its theoretical maximum is a quarter of the carrier wavelength (about 4.8 cm for the Global Positioning System (GPS) L1 carrier) and, although it rarely reaches this size, it must clearly be mitigated if millimetre-accuracy positioning is to be achieved. In most static applications, this may be accomplished by averaging over a sufficiently long period of observation, but in kinematic applications, a modelling approach must be used. This paper is concerned with one such approach: the use of ray-tracing to reconstruct the error and therefore remove it. In order to apply such an approach, it is necessary to have a detailed understanding of the signal transmitted from the satellite, the reflection process, the antenna characteristics and the way that the reflected and direct signal are processed within the receiver. This paper reviews all of these and introduces a formal ray-tracing method for multipath estimation based on precise knowledge of the satellite–reflector–antenna geometry and of the reflector material and antenna characteristics. It is validated experimentally using GPS signals reflected from metal, water and a brick building, and is shown to be able to model most of the main multipath characteristics. The method will have important practical applications for correcting for multipath in well-constrained environments (such as at base stations for local area GPS networks, at International GNSS Service (IGS) reference stations, and on spacecraft), and it can be used to simulate realistic multipath errors for various performance analyses in high-precision positioning.