物探方法在水库坝基渗漏勘探中的应用

近年来物探方法在坝基勘探、活断层探测、溶洞探测和基础检测等工程中得到广泛应用,并取得了令人瞩目的成绩。本文介绍了在某水库坝基渗漏勘探开展物探工作的情况,取得了满意的结果,表明应用多种物探方法对解决工程问题具有较好的效果。     

波阻抗映射法外推

首先介绍了自适应滤波的方法和波阻抗映射法外推的基本原理．在小反射系数的假设条件下推导了对数波阻抗和地震道之间近似为线性映射的关系,应用自适应滤波的方法可以实现这种映射．实际资料的试算结果表明,该方法能够提供分辨率明显高于常规方法的波阻抗或层速度剖面,并与测井资料较吻合．因此,它作为测井约束反演的补充手段,是一种可用于开发地震的新方法．最后讨论了映射法波阻抗反演的局限性．     

高频电磁波测井同时求解视电导率和视介电常数

利用 Ｌａｍｂｅｒｔ Ｗ函数的性质,针对单发单收和单发双收两种电磁波测井仪器,给出 了一种求解视介电常数和视电导率的方法．理论分析和数值实验表明,该方法在计算速度和 精度方面,明显优于传统的求解复杂非线性方程组的方法．与查表方法相比,该方法不需要 预先计算大量图版,且精度较高．     

声频谱测井方法研究进展

主要介绍声频谱测井方法的理论基础和解释应用．声频谱测井作为一种新的声波测井方法，它是利用多个频率实现对井壁附近不同径向深度处地层的探测．首先介绍了声频谱测井方法的理论基础，在此基础上在声频谱声系中设计了10K、20K、40K三种不同主频的声波探头组合，结合声频谱参数与岩石储集参数的关系，设计了声频谱测井的基本解释方案，探讨了声频谱测井解释方法在确定孔隙度、渗透率、识别油气、裂缝，以及岩石力学参数计算及过套管测井等方面的应用．     

测井约束的地震反演在鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田中的应用

有测井约束的地震反演技术是国内外油气储层预测的关键技术之一,本文介绍了储层预测中常用的反演方法,对地震反演技术在储层预测过程中的一些关键技术环节作了初步探讨,重点介绍了测井约束的地震反演方法在鄂尔多斯盆地储层预测中的应用情况,最后就反演结果作了初步的跟踪分析．关键词地震反演,地质统计反演,储层预测。     

基于三水导电模型的裂缝性致密砂岩测井解释方法与应用

裂缝性致密砂岩的解释模型是测井定量评价的基础。依据黄桥地区龙潭组地层裂缝性致密砂岩地质特点和孔隙空间的组成,利用三水模型分析了裂缝性致密砂岩的导电机理,提出了该地区的测井解释理论和方法,实现了组分孔隙度和饱和度的定量计算。应用表明,计算的三水导电组分孔隙度与核磁共振测井结果一致,测井解释结果与测试结果一致,认为该方法适用于该地区裂缝性致密砂岩的测井评价。     

论赤平极射投影在山口岩水利工程中的应用

本论文首先简单介绍了水利工程中分析岩质边坡稳定性常用的一种图解法——赤平极射投影法,然后介绍了这种方法在山口岩水利工程稳定性分析中的具体应用,因其在该水利工程的坝基和岩质边坡稳定性分析中发挥了一定的作用,满足了工程实践的要求,故希望对其它水利工程坝基抗滑和岩质边坡的稳定性分析具有指导意义.     

多级BP神经网络石油测井信号分类器

本文提出了一种利用多级ＢＰ神经网络进行石油测井信号分类的新方法．介绍了用多级ＢＰ网络处理测井信号的分类器算法和网络结构，并给出了针对理论模拟信号的分类结果及针对实际模型井信号的分类结果，其正确率可达９０％以上．     

三维井壁中子-中子测井数值模拟

应用多群P1近似和有限元方法对三维中子输运方程进行数值求解,并研究此方法在中子测井中的应用,实现了三维井壁中子-中子测井的数值正演研制了三维有限元中子测井软件包．应用它对江汉石油测井研究所的不同岩性的模型井进行了模拟计算,将计算结果同实验测量进行了比较,两者符合良好．用理论计算方法制作了各种环境校正图形曲线,计算精度令人满意．     

新世纪第一个五年测井技术的若干进展

新世纪测井技术迅速发展,为油气勘探与开发提供了多种技术手段和丰富的地层信息．本文对新世纪第一个五年测井技术的进展进行评述,重点分析电缆测井、随钻测井、地层测试等井筒探测技术的发展状况,介绍了一些最新的测井仪器．另外,对存储测井、井下永久传感器、取芯随测等刚刚推出的测井新技术也进行了介绍。     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Distribution of throughfall and stemflow in multi‐strata agroforestry,perennial monoculture,fallow and primary forest in central Amazonia,Brazil

The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Anthropogenic Eutrophication and Red Tide Outbreak in Lacustrine Systems of the Kashmir Himalaya

Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate.