成都平原农田区土壤重金属元素环境基准值初步研究

土壤重金属污染已成为制约人类社会发展及危害人类健康的重要因素,制定土壤重金属元素的环境基准值对控制土壤重金属污染及保护生态安全具有重要意义。以成都平原农田区为例,以保护地下水安全为目的,以室内模拟淋溶实验为手段,尝试性地计算了研究区不同类型土壤重金属元素的环境基准值。研究结果表明:(1)不同类型土壤各元素在土壤—水间的分配系数差异较大;(2)不同类型土壤Hg和Cd环境基准值差异不大,Hg环境基准值平均为0.3μg/g,Cd的变化范围为0.3～0.5μg/g;As和Pb环境基准值差异较大,As的变化范围为18～24μg/g;Pb的变化范围为24～41μg/g;(3)研究区土壤基本处于保护饮用水的安全范围之内,但黄壤中Pb、紫色土中Cd和Pb、棕壤中Hg和Pb具有潜在的影响地下水安全的生态风险。这对研究区进行风险评估具有重要的参考价值。     

原子荧光光谱法测定芦荟中铅和镉

应用AFS-820型双道原子荧光测定芦荟中Pb和Cd,用HNO3-HClO4 消解样品,以KBH4 作还原剂分别测定Pb和Cd。Pb和Cd检出限分别为0. 58μg/L和0. 21μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)均小于10%,线性范围Pb为0~100μg/L,Cd为0~80μg/L,标准加入回收率Pb为88. 2% ~108. 6%,Cd为85. 3% ~112. 8%。方法经植物国家一级标准物质验证,结果与标准值相符。     

分散液-液微萃取—火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水样中的痕量铅

对萃取剂和分散剂进行了筛选,并研究了pH、APDC的用量、萃取时间等试验条件对萃取效率的影响。将分散液-液微萃取(DLLME)与火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)相结合,建立了快速、高灵敏度测定水样中痕量铅的新方法。在优化条件下,富集6.0mL样品溶液,铅的检出限为1.35μg/L,线性范围10.0～600.0μg/L,对含有20μg/L和400μg/L Pb2+的标准溶液平行萃取测定11次,相对标准偏差分别为3.35%和2.78%。本方法应用于自来水、河水、地下水和海水中痕量铅的分析,加标回收率在95.5%～99.7%之间。     

非色散原子荧光光谱法测定岩石矿物中的铁、镁、锰

本文用 WFY——2型原子荧光仪测定岩石矿物中铁、镁、锰。在实验条件下,常见的共存元素 K、Na、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、Co、Ni、Mo、V、U、Th、RE 和少量的F、Si 不干扰测定,但 Al、Ti、Ca、Cr 干扰 Mg 的测定。Ca 对 Mn 的测定有影响,加入镧盐(或锶盐)干扰即可消除。方法的检测限:三氧化二铁、氧化镁,氧化锰分别为0.11μg/毫升,0.001μg/毫升,0.015μg/毫升。经矿样验证,本法具有操作简便,快速,准确等特点,适用于多种岩石矿物中铁、镁、锰的分析。     

长江源区Cd地球化学省与主要水系的Cd输出通量

中国正在进行的多目标区域地球化学调查成果显示,长江流域存在贯穿全流域的Cd地球化学异常,因此研究该异常的成因及查明长江主要支流Cd的输出通量已成为科学研究的焦点。长江源区水系包括通天河干流及沱沱河、楚玛尔河、尕尔曲、布曲、当曲、口前曲、聂恰曲支流。采用1样/km2的密度采集水系沉积物样品对长江源区进行地球化学填图,在沱沱河—尕尔曲和扎曲—聂恰曲流域分别圈出规模巨大的Cd、Pb、As地球化学省,其他地区Cd、As、Pb均为正常的地球化学背景区。研究发现沱沱河—尕尔曲Cd、Pb、As地球化学省内岩石中Cd、Pb、As含量明显高于土壤和水系沉积物,表明岩石在风化形成土壤和水系沉积物过程中已向水体释放了大量的Cd、Pb、As。通天河干流原水中Cd、Pb、As的平均质量浓度分别为0.144、17.62、2.59μg/L,沱沱河原水中Cd、Pb、As的质量浓度为0.187、19.89、2.33μg/L,聂恰曲原水中Cd、Pb、As的质量浓度为0.144、6.37、2.33μg/L,较其他支流中的含量高近1个数量级,表明源区原水中Cd、Pb、As含量主要受地质背景控制。年输出通量计算显示,由沱沱河输入到通天河中的Cd、Pb、As年通量分别为0.155、16.47和1.93t/a,楚玛尔河输入到通天河中的Cd、Pb、As年通量分别为0.015、0.77、0.35t/a,尕尔曲—布曲输入到通天河中的Cd、Pb、As年通量分别为0.095、10.31、2.72t/a;由通天河输入到金沙江的Cd、Pb、As年通量分别为2.48、290.7、42.3t/a,表明长江源区Cd地球化学省是长江沿江Cd地球化学异常带形成的重要物质来源。对原水和清水(过0.45μm滤膜)中Cd、As、Pb分析显示,长江源区水体中Cd、Pb主要以悬浮物形式迁移,As则以可溶态形式迁移。     

重庆长河碥矿煤的微量元素地球化学特征

运用煤岩学和地球化学的理论和方法,对重庆长河碥矿晚三叠世须家河组煤中微量元素进行了研究。结果表明,长河碥矿各煤层中明显富集Pb,其平均值为29.58μg/g。长河碥矿煤中潜在的有害微量元素Be (5.9μg/g)、Cr (28.6μg/g)、Cu (34.06μg/g)、As (10.03μg/g)和Th (12.49μg/g)均较富集;稀土元素含量为59.79287μg/g,均值为136.92μg/g,略高于中国煤中稀土元素总量均值(119.7μg/g),高于美国煤中的稀土元素总量均值(53.59μg/g)。8煤中稀土元素含量异常可能是地下水淋滤作用的结果。长河碥矿煤中有害微量元素主要受控于陆源物质的供给。      

应用S930树脂富集薄样-X射线荧光光谱现场分析环境水体中8种重金属的方法研究

使用便携式X射线荧光光谱法结合富集技术已能分析液体样品中近20种金属元素,但检出限相对较高(0.1~100μg/L)、富集操作繁多、一种富集法可测元素种类较少等因素制约了该技术的发展。本文研究了一种适应于现场测试环境水样的XRF分析方法。使用20 mg S-930螯合树脂对100 m L水体中8种重金属(V、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn和Pb)进行预富集,控制溶液p H=4,搅拌30 min,经真空抽滤系统过滤制得均匀薄样,再使用自制的双层膜包夹样品盒并利用小型台式波长色散XRF测定。结果表明,8种元素标准曲线的相关性R20.997,检测范围为10~1000μg/L,检出限为1.0~6.2μg/L,方法精密度(RSD,n=12)小于5%,加标回收率为80%~120%;标准水样和模拟水样的测定结果分别与标准值和理论值基本一致。本方法巧妙地使用双层聚丙烯膜包夹薄试样的制样方法,较好解决了薄膜样品的污染等问题,简化了水样的预富集操作,制备的树脂薄样可直接供XRF测量。方法检出限较低,稳定性较好,适用于检测Ⅰ~Ⅴ类水体中Fe、Co、Ni和Cu,Ⅱ~Ⅴ类水体中V和Zn,Ⅲ~Ⅴ类水体中Mn和Pb,基本具备对8种重金属污染水体进行环境监测、水质调查等现场分析的能力。     

超高效液相色谱法直接快速测定环境水样中硝基苯和苯胺

建立了超高效液相色谱直接快速测定环境水样中硝基苯和苯胺的分析方法。取900μL水样与100μL乙腈混匀,用微孔滤膜(0.2μm,有机系)过滤。采用1.7μm小颗粒填料的BEH phenyl柱,以乙腈/醋酸铵溶液为流动相,硝基苯和苯胺分别用紫外和荧光检测器检测,分析时间仅1.1 min。硝基苯和苯胺的线性范围分别是0.485～4850μg/L和0.495～1978μg/L,方法检出限分别是0.194μg/L和0.099μg/L,相关系数均在0.995以上。硝基苯9.70μg/L、194μg/L、1940μg/L三个浓度水平回收率在98.3%～101%,相对标准偏差在1.11%～2.03%。苯胺9.89μg/L、198μg/L、1978μg/L三个浓度水平回收率在98.6%～104%,相对标准偏差在0.75%～5.85%。与传统液相分析方法相比,本方法线性范围更宽,灵敏度更高;直接进样简化了前处理环节,减少采样体积和有机试剂的使用;分析效率高,适用于地下水、地表水等多种水质样品中痕量到常量范围的硝基苯和苯胺快速测定。     

发射光谱法测定勘查地球化学样品中银硼锡钼铅

以K2S2O7、NaF、Al2O3和炭粉为缓冲剂，Ge为内标，电弧发射光谱法测定勘查地球化学样品中Ag、B、Sn、Mo、Pb。方法检出限为Ag0．013μg／g、B0．83μg/g、Sn0．23μg／g、Mo0．073μg/g、Pb0．37μg／g。方法精密度（RSD，n=12）为Ag4．2％～11．3％、B3．2％～6．5％、Sn2．6％～7．1％、Mo2．9％～6．3％、Pb1．57％～5．18％。测定了国家一级地球化学标准物质，结果与标准值相符。     

亚硝酸根的一个高选择性指示反应的研究——溴酸钾-依来铬青R体系

本文研究了亚硝酸根的一个新指示反应。它基于在稀磷酸溶液中,依来铬青R与溴酸钾的反应受亚硝酸根催化而使吸光度降低。方法sandell灵敏度为1.11×10~(-4)μgN/cm~2。有较高选择性。表观活化能为84.52KJ/mol。用于水样中痕量亚硝酸根的测定,对含NO_2~-3.03μg/L和39.8μg/L的水样变异系数(n=9)分别为2.40％和2.42％。精密度亦佳。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of