北极海盆的深海热液

从海底地壳开裂处涌出一般带有大量生物的深海热泉的现象已众所周知。一开始在太平洋和大西洋中找到了它们 ,而在 2 0世纪和 2 1世纪交接期印度洋中也发现了热液 ,而后就输到高纬度的北极海区了。在极区盆地中应当有热液已有过报道。例如 ,1 993年 9月 ,俄 德联合北极考察队乘坐“极地”(Polarstern)号破冰船 ,在拉普帖夫海加克利 (Гакке х)海岭东端 (77°45′N、1 2 5° 55′E ,水深 1 990m) ,获得了对研究热液非常有意义的样品 ,证实了在这个海岭上存在着热液活动 ;但是 ,在 2 0 0 1年 ,美国和德国破冰船“健康”(Healy)号和“极…     

日本海、鄂霍次克海和白令海的古海洋学研究进展

边缘海的存在使大陆和大洋之间的物质和能量交换变得相当复杂。在构造运动和海平面升降的控制下,边缘海和大洋之间时而连通时而隔绝,各种古气候变化信号都在一定程度上被放大。基于近期有关西北太平洋边缘海的古海洋学研究成果,简要概述了日本海、鄂霍次克海、白令海以及北太平洋地区自中新世以来的古气候和古海洋环境演化特征,并认为它们与全球其它地区一样也受控于因地球轨道参数变化引起的太阳辐射率的变化,大尺度的气候变化具有与地球轨道偏心率周期相对应的100ka周期,而41ka的小尺度周期则受地球自转轴斜率变化的控制。一些突发性的气候变化则是由气候不稳定性、海峡的关闭与开启和其它一些地球气候系统的非线性活动所驱动。但同时作为中高纬度边缘海,它们的古海平面、古海水温度、古洋流等古海洋环境因子的变化特征还受到冰盖扩张和退缩、构造运动、冰川性地壳均衡补偿、东亚季风等因素的影响,具有一定的区域特点。     

Variability of Sea Surface Circulation in the Japan Sea

Composite sea surface dynamic heights (CSSDH) are calculated from both sea surface dynamic heights that are derived from altimetric data of ERS-2 and mean sea surface that is calculated by a numerical model. The CSSDH are consistent with sea surface temperature obtained by satellite and observed water temperature. Assuming the geostrophic balance, sea surface current velocities are calculated. It is found that temporal and spatial variations of sea surface circulation are considerably strong. In order to examine the characteristics of temporal and spatial variation of current pattern, EOF analysis is carried out with use of the CSSDH for 3.5 years. The spatial and temporal variations of mode 1 indicate the strength or weakness of sea surface circulation over the entire Japan Sea associated with seasonal variation of volume transport through the Tsushima Strait. The spatial and temporal variations of mode 2 mostly indicate the temporal variation of the second branch of the Tsushima Warm Current and the East Korean Warm Current. It is suggested that this variation is possibly associated with the seasonal variation of volume transport through the west channel of the Tsushima Strait. Variations of mode 3 indicate the interannual variability in the Yamato Basin.     

海域管理中的宗海图编绘

文章介绍宗海图的要素和内容,按照资料收集、数据整理、宗海图设计、宗海图编绘、成图检查校核和宗海图印制的顺序阐述宗海图的编绘流程;针对目前宗海图编绘中存在的细节问题,提出统一图例、完善底图要素、放大或分幅编绘复杂用海宗海图和绘图前开展海域使用权属核查的建议,以期提高宗海图编绘的规范化和标准化水平。     

渤、黄海海冰的变化和预报结果分析

利用1951—2000年的渤、黄海的海冰资料，用小波分析和最优气候均态法对渤、黄海的海冰冰级进行分析和预测。小波分析结果较好地反映了渤、黄海海冰的变化规律，使对海冰的研究更符合实际情况。这必将有助于研究海冰变化的机理和不同尺度变化的相互作用。最优气候均态法较好地实现了对渤、黄海海冰的预测。此方法在海冰预报中不失为一种可用的方法。     

Sediment transport in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea

Eight survey cruises in different seasons have been conducted in the Yellow Sea (YS) and East China Sea (ECS) during the period from 2000 to 2008. Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and hydrological data were collected during each cruise. Data analysis showed that total suspended sediment mass was approximately 0.18 × 10⁹ tons in the surveyed area during spring and autumn seasons. Highly turbid waters were found in the shallow waters between the Subei coast, the Changjiang estuary and the Zhejiang coast with seasonal variations.     

拉尼娜持续年的渤海海冰

通过对1999／2000年冬季环流背景资料的分析，发现西玉磁洋副热带高压和极涡的变化是影响我国冬季天气气候特征变化和渤海海冰生消的重要因素，而副热带高压和极涡等大气活动中心的变化又与赤道东太平洋的厄尔尼诺现象及拉尼娜现象有关，因此，可以通过前期赤道东太平洋海表水温的变化来预测我国冬季天气气候变化和渤海海冰的状况。     

渤海潮波系统的数值模拟

利用二维非线性潮波方程组,讨论了渤黄海主要分潮(全日潮、半日潮及浅水分潮) 数值模拟中的有关问题。数值模拟中同时考虑了4个主要分潮(M2,S2,K1,O1)和两个浅水分潮(M4,MS4)。分析表明,在渤黄海潮波系统数值模拟中,稳定后选取14 d的数值模拟结果进行调和分析能够取得最佳(最合理)的调和分析结果。计算出调和常数的模拟值与实测值之差的绝对平均值:M2分潮的振幅差为4cm,迟角差为3.3°,S2分潮的振幅差为2cm,迟角差为4.2°,K1 分潮的振幅差为1cm,迟角差为3.7°,O1分潮的振幅差为2 cm,迟角差为5.5°。实验结果较好地体现了渤黄海潮波系统的特征。     

MODIS渤海海冰遥感资料反演

鉴于渤海海冰监测和预报对海冰卫星遥感数字化产品的迫切需求,本文利用MODIS的1B级数据进行渤海海冰参数反演,提供海冰遥感图像和海冰密集度、冰厚数值产品,作为渤海海冰监测和海冰数值预报初始场的重要信息来源,以及海冰预报质量检验的参考依据之一。反演结果表明,其各通道对海冰性质有很好的反映,资料信号比较稳定,对不同密集度和厚度的冰有较好的区分,相对NOAA/AVHRR和HY-1A资料有更好的实际应用价值;Terra/MODIS和HY-1A/COCTS海冰遥感反演结果对比也为HY-1A系列卫星海冰遥感的改进和提高提供有益的启示。     

Numerical Modeling of Meteorological Sea Level Oscillations in the Black Sea

Oceanology - To study the features of short-period meteorological sea level oscillations, adaptation of the numerical Princeton Ocean Model (POM) to the Black Sea conditions was performed. The...     

2004年东海及黄海部分海域表层水温分布状况

分析了2004年东海及黄海部分海域表层水温的分布状况,结果表明,不同水团具有不同的温度年变化,大陆水系的均极差远大于多年平均值,说明沿岸海域的表层水温该年变化比常年大,但黑潮主干区的均极差却比多年平均值低;夏季沿岸海域以及中间水域出现了异常的高温现象,在8月,浙江沿岸、江苏沿岸、长江口以及福建部分沿岸海域的表层水温都突破了近20年的历史最高纪录;在春末、秋末沿岸海域表层水温远高于多年平均值.在暖流区域,除冬季的表层水温高于常年外,其它时间与多年平均差不多,所以年变化相对较小.     

渤海冰漂移对海面风场、潮流场的响应

在对海冰漂移动力学分析基础上,利用MODIS资料,采用MCC方法获取渤海大范围冰覆盖的海域冰速场,并利用NCEP风速资料和潮流资料进行回归分析,得到渤海冰漂移速度与风速和流速的关系.利用MODIS和NOAA/AVHRR资料获取的渤海冰速资料的综合分析显示:渤海海冰运动,除受盛行风控制外,还受到复杂的海岸地形、流和冰内应力的共同作用,所得到的大范围海冰运动规律和多年历史观测资料分析结果基本一致,并清楚地显示了冰边缘带海冰运动的特征,弥补了局地、单站海冰观测的局限性.     

渤黄东海潮能通量与潮能耗散

利用同化高度计资料和沿岸验潮站资料对潮汐数值模式进行同化,根据同化后的数值模式结果,对渤黄东海中的潮能通量和潮能耗散进行了研究.M2分潮从太平洋进入渤黄东海的潮能为122.499GW,占4个主要分潮进入总量的79%.黄海是半日分潮潮能耗散的主要海区.全日分潮则主要耗散在东海.全日分潮在遇到陆坡的阻挡以后有一部分潮能沿着冲绳海槽向西南传播,并有一部分潮能反射回太平洋,其中O1分潮通过C3断面反射回太平洋的潮能,约占其传入东海潮能的44%.     

黄、东海环流的数值研究Ⅰ. 黄、东海环流的数值模型

首先依据拉格朗日环流理论与黄、东海的环流物理和几何特征建立一个黄、东海环流的动力学统一模型 ,并按其无因次方程的量阶分析获得其零阶和一阶模型方程。最后依此模型方程的数学、物理特征确立了流速分解方案 ,从而形成完整的黄、东海拉格朗日环流数值模型。该课题组已完成较系统地对黄、东海环流的数值研究。该篇论文为系列报道之首篇。     

渤、黄、东海水温季节变化特征分析

利用"908"专项所获取的CTD观测资料,系统地阐述了渤、黄、东海温度的分布特征及季节变化。结果显示,冬季,水平方向上,水温分布呈现多舌状:外海温度多暖舌结构,近岸等温线基本平行于岸线,并出现多个指向南方的冷水舌,且暖流区与近岸冷水区间形成了较强的温度峰。夏季,三大海域底层均出现了各具特色的冷水团和冷水块,最为典型的有"渤中冷水"、"辽东湾冷水"、黄海冷水团、青岛冷水团和东海北部底层冷水。春、秋季水温分布呈现过渡季节的特征。春季,跃层开始出现,"渤中冷水"及黄海冷水团等冷水现象开始形成。进入秋季,跃层明显下沉,直至消失,水温分布逐渐呈现垂向均匀状况。同时,分析还表明,三大海域的水温分布存在明显的区域性差异。水温分布的年变幅从北向南、从近岸向外海递减。     

中国黄、渤海海水中溶解镉的形态研究

黄、渤海是我国重要的海洋经济渔业开发区域,海水中痕量金属的含量及其存在形态会对海洋环境、海洋渔业产生重要影响。随着近年我国痕量金属采集与分析测试技术的发展,数据的准确性有了新的提升。2016-06—07采集黄、渤海40个站位的海水样品,测定其溶解态金属Cd的总浓度,并应用电化学方法(阳极溶出伏安法)分析Cd存在形态。结果表明,渤海海水中的总溶解态Cd浓度是南黄海海水中的2~3倍,这可能与渤海海水停留时间较长,水深较浅,周边较多河流输入有关。20%~92%以上的溶解态Cd是以有机络合物形态存在,以自由离子态存在的Cd浓度不超过100 pmol/L,低于Cd对浮游生物的毒性阈值。渤海比黄海的金属配体浓度高出2倍以上,高值出现在黄河口周围海域,表明黄河水携带较多有机配体输入。推测我国近海有机配体来源可能包括陆源输入、沉积物再悬浮的解析过程以及藻类分泌。研究还表明,黄、渤海海水中溶解态Cd的有机配体络合常数较其他海域的稍高,这与我国近海废、污水排放的有机络合配体类型有关。     

Summer mesozooplankton structure in the Pechora Sea (south-eastern Barents Sea)

Mesozooplankton composition and distribution were investigated by Juday net hauls in the Pechora Sea (south-eastern Barents Sea) in July 2001. A total of 66 taxa were identified. The total mesozooplankton abundance varied between 2416 ind m⁻² in the northern part and 1458?935 ind m⁻² in the south. The biomass ranged between 81 and 19?078 mg DW m⁻². Three groups differed greatly in composition, abundance and biomass as delineated by cluster analysis. Copepod species Calanus finmarchicus, Pseudocalanus species and Limnocalanus macrurus dominated in terms of the total biomass within each single cluster. There were significant Spearman rank correlations between mesozooplankton abundance and oceanographic variables, and phytoplankton concentration. Salinity was the main factor affecting the mesozooplankton distribution in the coastal waters, while temperature had greater influence on the abundance and biomass in the central and northern parts. The mean mesozooplankton biomass in the region was higher in comparison with some previous investigations probably due to higher water temperature in summer 2001.     

Autumn living coccolithophores in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea

An investigation was carried out on living coccolithophores(LCs) distribution in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea from October 17 to November 24, 2011. A total of 223 samples from different depths were collected at 48 stations. Totally 18 taxa belonging to coccolithophyceae were identified using a polarized microscope at the 1 000× magnification. The maximum species abundance was found at the outside of Transect P. The dominated species were Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Emiliania huxleyi, Helicosphaera carteri, and Algirosphaera robusta. The abundance of coccoliths and cells ranged 0–2 965.73 coccoliths/mL, and 0–119.16 cells/mL, with the average values of 471.00 coccoliths/mL and 23.42 cells/mL, respectively. The LCs in surface layer were mainly observed on the coastal belt and middle part of the survey area. The comparison among Transects A, F, P and E indicated lower species diversity and less abundance in the Yellow Sea than those of the East China Sea. The highest abundance of LCs was found in transect F and P. The coccolith abundance increased slightly from surface to bottom in the water column, but the highest value of the cell abundance was observed in the depth of 10–30 m. Temperature, depth and nutrient concentration were suggested as the major environmental factors controlling the distribution and species composition of LCs in the studying area based on canonical correspondence analysis(CCA).     

北黄海长山群岛海域环境观状评价

本文根据１９８９年７月至１９９０年５月北黄海长山群岛海区四个航次（春、夏、秋、冬）水质及底质１４０００余个数据的分析测试结果，探讨了测区水质、底质各要素分布特征，并对其环境质量现状作了初步评价。结果表明，调查区环境质量良好．南部海域环境优于北部。