国家地下水监测工程站网布设浅析

随着社会经济发展及地下水开发技术提高,人类对地下水的开发利用程度不断加大,由于不合理的开发利用,已经引发一系列生态环境地质问题,迫切需要通过开展地下水监测,认识和掌握地下水动态变化特征,制订合理开发利用与有效保护措施。国家地下水监测工程是我国第一次针对地下水监测的全国范围的大规模工程,开创了水利部、国土资源部两部协同建设地下水监测工程的新机制。监测站网布设是本工程项目的基础,通过分析项目可行性研究报告中站网布设原则和要求,解决站网布设技术问题。     

国土资源部水利部联合启动国家地下水监测工程 三年内建两万多个地下水监测点

本刊讯（范宏喜郭聪）记者日前从《国家地下水监测工程可行性研究报告》编制专题会议上获悉,未来3年,我国将新建（修复）地下水监测站点20135个,以形成完整统一的国家级地下水监测站网络,为国家层面水资源管理和地质环境保护提供支撑服务。这标志着由国土资源部和水利部联合开展的国家地下水监测工程建设正式启动。由于地下水资源的不合理开发利用,引发了地面沉降、地裂缝、海水入侵、水质污染等一系列地质环境问题,     

国家地下水监测工程唐山市站网布设浅析

通过对唐山市平原区水文地质单元及特殊地质单元的分析,结合唐山市现有地下水监测站网,对国家地下水监测工程(水利部分)河北省唐山市境内监测站进行统一布设,建立比较完整的国家级地下水监测站网,为水资源可持续利用和最严格水资源管理制度提供基础支撑。     

《国家地下水监测工程项目建议书》通过评审

10月10日,在水利部和国土资源部联合召开的专家评审会上,有关院士、专家和代表评审通过了《国家地下水监测工程项目建议书》。水利部总工程师刘宁、国土资源部地质环境司司长姜建军共同主持会议并讲话。会议提出,通过实施国家地下水监测工程,要全面提升国家地下水监测信息系统的现代化水平。     

蓬勃发展的陕西地下水监测工作

近几年来,在水利部、省水利厅的高度重视及支持、各级地下水业务单位的共同努力和密切配合下,陕西地下水监测工作稳步发展,地下水监测站网建设与管理工作取得了显著成效。 一、站网建设     

国家地下水监测井建设关键问题研究

国家地下水监测工程建设由国土资源部和水利部联合立项申报,历经10余年的可行性研究和评估论证,最终由国家发展和改革委员会批准实施。项目财政投资20多亿元,覆盖全国31个省、区、市及新疆建设兵团,涵盖了全国7大流域和16个重要水文地质单元,共布设20401个地下水监测站点。项目的组织实施意义重大,事关地质环境、饮水安全和经济社会的可持续发展等民生问题。其中,钻探工程决定着国家地下水监测工程建设的质量、运行效果及使用寿命。本文针对项目“地域分布广、施工战线长、地质条件复杂”等特点,从组织管理、钻井结构设计、成井管材和钻进工艺选择等方面的关键问题进行了分析研究,并提出了具体建议。     

新疆阿克苏地区地下水监测工作现状及水位动态特征分析

阿克苏地区位于新疆西部,天山南麓,塔里木盆地北缘,地下水动态监测系统不够完善,通过实施地下水监测站网建设项目,地下水监测站网布设日趋合理。监测站在阿克苏河、台兰河、渭干河、库车河等冲洪积平原区、乌什县河谷、拜成盆地、柯坪盆地和阿恰平原这几块地质单元上都有分布,可比较全面的反映阿克苏地区境内主要地下水开发利用区的埋深、水位变化特征。通过对阿克苏地区地下水监测工作进行探讨,重点对地下水监测站网建设和日常监测工作开展情况进行了分析。结合近几年该地区地下水位年度监测成果,对区域地下水位状况和年内地下水动态变化特征分析,大致可以看出区域内地下水总体呈下降趋势,冬季灌溉期结束后地下水潜水水位最高,3-4月份春灌开始后,地下水位总体下降,6、7月份受地表来水、灌溉等补给的影响,地下水又有一次集中上升的现象。研究结果为该区域地下水中长期开发利用与管理保护工作提供了理论依据。     

对国标《地下水监测工程技术标准》认识与研究

概要介绍了国家标准《地下水监测工程技术标准》修订背景,对比分析了监测站与自动监测系统建设、信息监测与资料整编、信息服务系统建设及监测系统运行维护等主要内容。重点对标准修订编制过程中所涉及的县级行政区地下水监测站网全覆盖、井口固定点设置、人工与自动监测比测误差精度、地下水动水位处理方法等技术问题进行了探讨。本标准实施后,将进一步提升我国地下水站网布设、成井、信息自动监测、资料整编、信息服务和运维技术水平,为国家地下水监测二期工程实施及水利高质量发展提供重要的技术支撑。     

河南省地下水监测工程建设和监测成果综述

为落实国家地下水监测工程与地下水质监测任务,实现对河南省地下水动态的有效监测,以及对河南省平原、盆地及岩溶山区地下水动态的区域性监控。国家地下水监测工程和河南省地下水监测工程在河南省监测区共布设国家级地下水监测站点485个,省级地下水自动监测站点387个。监测区控制面积10.86万平方千米,主要监测层位浅层潜水（微承压水）、承压第Ⅰ含水层组地下水（中深层地下水）、承压第Ⅱ含水层组地下水（深层地下水）、承压第Ⅲ含水层组地下水（超深层地下水）、岩溶水、裂隙水,项目工程的建设完成,基本上完善了河南省地下水监测专业站点,提升了对全省区域地下水、国家重大工程沿线及地下水污染高风险区的监控能力,确保了及时、准确、全面的获取地下水动态信息,从而满足科学研究和社会公众对地下水信息的基本需求。根据监测成果将河南省浅层地下水划分为6个埋深分区,埋深区间在1.41～52.68m,平均埋深11.93m。划出降落漏斗两处,划分浅层地下水化学类型11种,主要为HCO3·Cl-Ca型;水质分析综合评价结果显示以Ⅳ类和Ⅴ类水为主。     

陕西省地下水开发利用现状及监测站网布设研究

陕西省水资源时空分布不均,资源性缺水是其基本省情。地下水作为水资源的重要组成部分,在保障城乡供水安全和经济社会发展中具备不可替代的重要作用,开采强度大,开采范围广。但由于全省地形地貌、地质条件复杂多变,地下水补排规律复杂、赋存涵养条件不尽相同,地下水水位、水质动态变化呈现出显著的阶段性、区域性特点。必须要根据不同区域地下水开发利用情况和地形地质条件,合理布设地下水监测站点,建立现代化的地下水监测站网,才能准确及时监控不同区域地下水资源动态变化情况,从而保障水资源的可持续利用和经济社会的健康发展。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with