The coupled characteristics of the physical process between sea ice of two poles and Tibetan land surface

In order to discuss the characteristics of sea ice change of strong signal area on Antarctic and Arctic and the correlation between the thermal state on the land surface of Tibetan Plateau and the atmosphere circulation of North Hemisphere or the climate changes in China, and to study the feedback mechanism among “three-pole” factors, the earlier stage “three-pole” strong signal characteristics by using statistic methods such as teleconnection,which affect the regional climate changes in China and East Asia. The cross-correlation feature and coupling effect between ice caps of North and South pole and water-thermal state on Tibetan Plateau surface are discussed as well. The contribution of three-pole's earlier stage factors to China's summer climate change and the influence of its dynamic structure are compared here. The formation mechanisms of global climate change and regional climate change of China are investigated from the aspect of qualitative correlation mode of global sea-land-air-ice.     

Anything But Ordinary ——hebrew.cri.cn

In the present era of accelerated technological development with its proliferation of new digital media,PC and Internet,the main questions concerning communication practices examine the patterns of interaction between these practices and the use of‘old’media,such as print,the electronic and audiovisual media,television,radio and VCR,which have all dominated the communication scene until fairly recently.Definitely we can say that the internet has become a family member that no one can live without it,especially the new types electronic products’sale in the markets and the development of the wireless(wifi),what’s more,the high click rates of facebook,youtube,twitter and so on.This great change also have happened in China that you can see the first thing for everyone in the morning is connecting the internet so as to read weibo(micro blog,its function is similar to twitter,now it is the most popular and famous micro blog in China),youku(similar to ytube),xiaonei(like facebook)and so on.Therefore a great many‘old’media in China is now experiencing the large reform.CRI(China Radio International)cannot lag behind.In this paper,I am trying to introduce one website from CRI which is called“hebrew.cri.cn”as a landscape to state her“birth”,“grow up(development)”and her“future”.     

Prof. XIE Hualin: The Guest editor of This Special Issue

Professor XIE Hualin received his PhD degree in ecology from Beijing Normal Univer-sity(Beijing,China)in 2006.He currently is a professor at the Institute of Ecological Civilization,Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics.He is aslo a famous ecologist and an expert with State Council Special Allowance in China.He is the top young talents of national“ten thousand talents plan”and is named as the candidate for National talent project.     

A comparison between different ecological de-farming modes in the loess hilly-gully region in China

The eco-environmental restoration has been a chief task of the western development strategies carried out by the central and local governments of China since the late 1990s, and the ecological de-farming has been regarded as a powerful measure for the ecological restoration in the Loess Plateau and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. “Relieving and de-farming” (RD) and“rebuilding terrace and de-farming” (RTD) are two more mature ones among various de-farming modes. Taking the loess hilly-gully region as a case, this paper summarized the basic characteristics of RD and RTD modes, calculated the sizes of de-farming slope farmland, rebuilt terraces, enlarged garden plots and restored vegetation, and compared the differences of two modes in terms of de-farming area, ecological reestablishment index, investment demand amount and benefits. The results showed that RTD mode has many advantages, including suitable investment, sufficient grain supply and great benefits, and will be the best ecological reestablishment mode in the loess hilly-gully region, and RD mode which is being carried out in this region should be replaced by RTD mode as soon as possible.     

中国的地形起伏度及其与人口分布的相关性

The relief degree of land surface （RDLS） is an important factor for describing the landform at macro-scales. This study defines a concept for RDLS and applies the concept for population distribution study of the entire country. Based on the concept and macro-scale digital elevation model datum and ARC/INFO software, the RDLS at a 10 km×10 km grid size of China is extracted. This paper depicts systemically the spatial distributions of RDLS through analyzing the ratio structure and altitudinal characters of RDLS in China. The conclusions are drawn as follows： the RDLS in more than 63% of the area is less than one （1） （relative altitude is less than 500 m）, reflecting the fact that most of RDLS in China is low. In general, the RDLS in the west is larger than that in the east and so is the south than that of the north in China. The RDLS decreases with the increase of longitude and latitude and the change of RDLS at the latitudes of 28°N, 35°N, 42°N, as well as at the longitudes of 85°E, 102°E, 115°E could reflect the three major ladders of China. In the vertical direction, the RDLS increases with the increase of altitude. Analysis of the correlation between RDLS and population distribution in China and its regional difference shows that the R2 value between RDLS and population density is 0.91 and RDLS is an important factor influencing the spatial distribution of population. More than 85% of the people in China live in areas where the RDLS is less than one （1）, while the population in areas with RDLS greater than 3 accounts only for 0.57% of the total. The regional difference of correlation between RDLS and population within China is significant and such correlation is significant in Central China and South China and weak in Inner Mongolia and Tibet.     

The impact of economic development on urban livability: Evidence from 40 large and medium-sized cities of China

Under the background that economy and urbanization of China are gradually entering the stage of high-quality development, clarifying the influence of economic development on urban livability is of significant academic and practical value. In this paper, regarded as one “factor”, livability was introduced into the research framework of production function,and a theoretical model of the impact of economic development on urban livability was established. Based on the panel data of 40 cities in Chin...     

Analysis on water supply and demand of North China Plain

IntroductionIn terms of water resources supply and demand analysis, the North China Plan which is the main waterreceiving area of the proposed southjnorth water transfer project, is often considered as a whole region.Adrinistrahvely, the region includes mbocipalihes of Beding and Tianjin, most pal'ts of provinces ofHebei (herealler known as Hebei), Henan olereafter known as Henan) and Shandong (herealler known asShandong) able l). The Nortll China Plain covers an area of 191 250 klllZ wi…     

Problem regions and regional problems of socioeconomic development in China: A perspective from the coordinated development of industrialization,informatization, urbanization and agricultural modernization

Identifying the problem regions and regional problems, and thus improving regional policies, are crucial for the sustainable development of various economic entities. The coordinated development of industrialization, informatization, urbanization and agricultural modernization（hereinafter referred to as ＂Sihua＂） is not only a practical need but an important strategic direction of integrating urban-rural development and regional development in recent China, and it also provides a significant perspective for identifying problem regions and regional problems so as to improve the regional policies. This study mainly aims to： firstly, establish a comprehensive evaluation index system so as to explore the spatial pattern of coordinated development of Sihua in China at prefecture level; secondly, to develop an evaluation criteria system to identify the problem regions and regional problems from the perspective of coordinated development of Sihua. This paper comes first in the scientific community to evaluate the coordinated development state of Sihua in China at prefecture level and identify the problem regions and regional problems from the perspective of Sihua development by quantitative analysis. This study may benefit the improvement of regional policies and thus contribute to the sustainable socio-economic development of China.     

玉龙雪山冰川稳定同位素分馏冬夏对比

1 Introduction Under the dominance of South Asian monsoon, China’s temperate glaciers are distributed on Hengduan Mountains (southeast of Tibetan Plateau), the central part and southern slope of the Himalaya Mountains as well as the central and eastern p…     

Temporal-spatial characteristics of observed key parameters of snow cover in China during 1957–2009

Using observed snow cover data from Chinese meteorological stations, this study indicated that annual mean snow depth, Snow Water Equivalent (SWE), and snow density during 1957–2009 were 0.49 cm, 0.7 mm, and 0.14 g/cm³ over China as a whole, respectively. On average, they were all the smallest in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), and were greater in northwestern China (NW). Spatially, the regions with greater annual mean snow depth and SWE were located in northeastern China including eastern Inner Mongolia (NE), northern Xinjiang municipality, and a small fraction of southwestern QTP. Annual mean snow density was below 0.14 g/cm³ in most of China, and was higher in the QTP, NE, and NW. The trend analyses revealed that both annual mean snow depth and SWE presented increasing trends in NE, NW, the QTP, and China as a whole during 1957–2009. Although the trend in China as a whole was not significant, the amplitude of variation became increasingly greater in the second half of the 20th century. Spatially, the statistically significant (95%-level) positive trends for annual mean snow depth were located in western and northern NE, northwestern Xinjiang municipality, and northeastern QTP. The distribution of positive and negative trends for annual mean SWE were similar to that of snow depth in position, but not in range. The range with positive trends of SWE was not as large as that of snow depth, but the range with negative trends was larger.     

Grassland degradation in Northern Tibet based on remote sensing data

This study selected vegetation cover as the main evaluation index, calculated the grassland degradation index (GDI) and established the remote sensing monitoring and evaluation system for grassland degradation in Northern Tibet, according to the National Standard (GB19377-2003), based on the remote sensing data such as NDVI data derived from NOAA/AVHRR with a spatial resolution of 8 km of 1981-2000, from SPOT/VGT with a spatial resolution of 1 km of 2001 and from MODIS with a spatial resolution of 0.25 km of 2002-2004 respectively in this area, in combination with the actual condition of grassland degradation. The grassland degradation processes and their responses to climate change during 1981-2004 were discussed and analyzed in this paper. The result indicated that grassland degradation in Northern Tibet is very serious, and the mean value of GDI in recent 20 years is 2.54 which belongs to the serious degradation grade. From 1981 to 2004, the GDI fluctuated distinctly with great interannual variations in the proportion of degradation degree and GDI but the general tendency turned to severe-grade during this period with the grassland degradation grade changed from light degraded to serious degraded in Northern Tibet. The extremely serious degraded and serious degraded grassland occupied 1.7% and 8.0% of the study area, the moderate and light degraded grassland accounted for 13.2% and 27.9% respectively, and un-degraded grassland occupied 49.2% of the total grassland area in 2004. The grassland degradation was serious, especially in the conjunctive area of Naqu, Biru and Jiali counties, the headstream of the Yangtze River lying in the Galadandong snow mountain and glaciers, the area along the Qinghai-Tibet highway and railway, and areas around the Tanggula and Nianqingtanggula snow mountains and glaciers. So the snow mountains and glaciers as well as their adjacent areas in Northern Tibet were sensitive to climate change and the areas along the vital communication line with frequent human activities experienced relatively serious grassland degradation.     

藏北地区草地退化的时空分布特征

根据草地退化国家标准和藏北地区草地退化实际情况以及遥感数据特征,选择草地植被盖度为草地退化的遥感监测指标,建立藏北地区草地退化遥感监测和评价指标体系,并对藏北地区近24年的草地退化进行遥感监测和评价。结果表明：藏北地区草地退化现状 (2004年) 十分严重,重度和极重度退化草地面积分别占草地总面积的8.0%和1.7%,区域草地退化指数 (GDI) 为1.86,接近中度退化等级;其中藏北地区冰川与雪山及其周围等气候变化较为敏感区域和交通要道沿线等人类活动较为频繁区域的草地退化相对严重;从1981年到2004年的近24年以来,藏北地区及其各个区域草地退化较为严重,其草地退化等级分布比例和草地退化指数年际波动较大,草地退化等级在轻度退化至重度退化等级之间波动;近几年藏北全地区总体草地退化情况及中部、东部和北部地区的草地退化具有更加严重的趋势,而西部地区草地退化状况则略有减缓趋势。     

藏北高寒草地退化现状、原因与恢复模式

藏北高寒草地系统生态脆弱且区位重要,草地退化和沙化的治理是目前学者们重点关注的领域之一。本文采用遥感解译、模型模拟、地面取样验证等相结合的方法,分析了藏北高寒草地生态系统退化的现状、趋势和原因,以实验为基础,总结了退化草地恢复的几种重要模式。数据分析表明：藏北羌塘高原轻度退化草地占62．0％,中度和重度退化草地占15．1％,1991年以来,退化面积快速增加,2000年以来重度退化面积增加趋势明显。藏北西部的草地轻度退化可能由气候暖千化所引起,而中部、东部的重度退化主要由超载过牧引起。总结出轻度退化草地的“封育”、中度退化草地的“施肥＋封育”、重度退化草地的“补播＋施肥＋封育”三种草地恢复模式。提出了退化草地恢复和保护的间接途径“南草北上”生态工程的战略构想。     

中国北方草原区积雪遥感监测——2007.10～2008.3期间

着眼于我国草原防灾减灾以及国家开展重特大雪灾应急响应工作的极迫切现实需求,基于NASA MODIS数据,以天为监测(响应)时间单元,以旬为监测集成时段,对2008年春节大雪灾期间我国草原积雪状况实现了系统的遥感监测,获取了2007年10月至2008年3月期间中国北方9省区草原积雪发生范围及其面积等数据信息,揭示了监测期间我国草原积雪发生的时空特征。青藏高原与内蒙古为我国持续降雪的核心区域,其他地区降雪情况随时间出现一定的波动;除东北地区外,积雪面积均在1月下旬达到最大值;各省区草原积雪面积占草原总面积的比例随时间的变化总体持续增加。     

30 a来共和盆地贵南县草地时空变化分析

 草地资源分布和动态变化是荒漠化监测的重要内容。利用1976年、1996年、2001年、2006年四期遥感影像,在RS与GIS支持下解译提取了贵南县草地信息,通过动态度模型和空间变化分析了青海省贵南县草地资源变化。结果表明：30 a来青海省贵南县草地面积减少了12.62%,其中高盖度草地面积减少了28.87%;主要转化为耕地、未利用地和林地;1996—2006年,草地面积缩减趋缓。1976—1996年间有16.6%的高盖度草地退化为中低盖度草地;1996—2006年高、中、低盖度草地面积转换变化不大。通过草地斑块的重心分析显示草地空间变化向多个方向偏移。     

气候变化及人为干扰对西藏地区草地退化的影响研究

随着草地保护政策的实施,气候及人为干扰对西藏地区草地退化的影响作用发生变化,明确草地退化的影响因素,评价草地保护政策对草地退化恢复的效用,是合理保护西藏地区草地生态平衡的基础。本文以西藏地区为研究区,基于1995—2015年GIMMS-NDVI及统计数据估测草地退化情况,并通过残差分析及回归分析评估了气候变化、人为干扰各自对草地退化的影响,确定出影响西藏地区草地退化的主要因素,并着重探究草地保护政策实施后,放牧干扰对于草地退化的影响情况变化。结果表明：① 1995—2015年西藏地区草地退化面积在908.52万~5207.06万hm²之间波动,整体呈先降后升,复降再升的反复变化过程,草地退化高值区域有由西北向东南方向转移的趋势。② 1995—2015年西藏地区草地区域气温上升显著,而降水方面未表现出明显的变化趋势,气候因素显著影响西藏草地退化区域面积占比为27.96%,温度主导草地退化的区域主要分布于藏南地区,降水主导草地退化的区域分布较为分散。③ 人为干扰对草地退化影响区域占比在2012年前后大体呈先减少后增加的趋势,放牧干扰在2012年后对草地退化影响减弱,表明草地保护政策有所成效,其中牧业县效果最为明显。④ 西藏地区草地退化的驱动因素以人为干扰作用为主,气候因素引起的草地退化较少,并且为恶化作用。     

基于MODIS与AMSR-E数据的中国6大牧区草原积雪遥感监测研究

内蒙古、新疆、西藏、青海、甘肃和四川的草原区这6大牧区是中国重要的畜牧业生产基地,也是雪灾频发的区域,及时、准确地获取6大牧区雪情时空特征对于防灾减灾,指导畜牧业生产有着重要的现实意义。光学遥感与微波遥感各具优缺点,综合运用MODIS和AMSR-E数据构建草原积雪遥感监测模型,以日为监测单元,以旬为多日合成时段,对中国6大牧区在2008年10月上旬至2009年3月下旬间的草原积雪覆盖范围进行监测,并对监测结果进行检验,以此说明MODIS与AMSR-E数据在雪灾监测方面协同监测的可行性,为其他雪盖遥感监测研究提供参考。     

LAND DEGRADATION AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN THE ARID AND SEMI ARID AREAS OF CHINA

Ｉ.ＬａｎｄＤｅｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎＤｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄＩｔｓＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓＴｈｅｆａｒｍｉｎｇｐａｓｔｏｒａｌｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎａｌｒｅｇｉｏｎｉｎｓｅｍｉａｒｉｄｌａｎｄｏｆｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎＣｈｉｎａｉｓｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｔｙｐｉｃａｌｒｅｇｉｏｎｏｆｌａｎｄｄｅｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎ,ａｎｄａｌｓｏｔｈｅｒｅｇｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｌｙｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇｓａｎｄｙｄｅｓｅｒｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ.ＴｈｅｅｘｔｅｎｔｉｓｆｒｏｍＨｏｒｑｉｎＳａｎｄｙＬａｎｄｉｎｔｈ…     

青藏高原可可西里地区现代冰川发育特征

经野外考察和室内分析计算，青藏可可西里地区发育现代冰川４３７条，覆盖面积达１５５２．３９ｋｍ＾２，冰储量为１６２．８３４９ｋｍ＾３，成为本区众多河湖泊水体的重要补给源泉。     

黄河源区生态环境退化研究

生态环境退化是黄河源区所面临的重要的生态问题和社会经济问题。源区生态环境退化不但影响本区经济的可持续发展,而且对中下游地区的生态环境和水文条件构成很大威胁。在收集区内现有研究成果的基础上,通过对2000年TM影像的解译,对黄河源区生态环境退化现状和特征作了全面系统的研究。源区生态环境退化主要表现在冰川退缩、冻土面积的减小和冻融侵蚀面积的扩大,植被退化和土地退化的加剧等过程。最后,在分析未来气候变化和人类活动的基础上,对生态环境变化趋势作了预测。