区域分解法地震正演模拟方法研究

区域分解法是近年开辟的计算偏微分方程数值解的一种新方法，该方法把研究区域分解为形态规则的小区域，在各子区域内采用最有效的方法求解，能充分发挥各种正演模拟方法的优点，大大地提高求解正演问题的有效性．本文首次把区域分解法引入地震正演模拟，构造出了适应性强、计算速度快、所需计算机资源量小，具有高度并行性的区域分解地震正演模拟方法，编制了区域分解地震正演模拟软件，对大量地质模型进行了计算，获得了良好的结果．     

带地形的可控源电磁法2.5维各向异性介质正演研究

目前,对于可控源电磁法各向异性介质2.5维问题,主要采用一次场、二次场分离的方法消除场源奇异性并降低截断边界对计算区域的影响.该方法数值计算精度高,但是很难适用于复杂地形条件下的数值模拟.针对复杂地形问题,基于总场的有限元方法表现出一定的优越性,然而,这种方法存在场源奇异性问题和截断边界问题.本文采用基于总场计算的方法对带地形的可控源电磁法2.5维各向异性介质进行模拟研究,推导了考虑电导率和介电常数各向异性的2.5维控制方程;引入网格加密-收缩算法降低场源奇异性的影响范围,提升数值计算效率;引入行波分解边界条件降低截断边界的影响;提出任意采样反傅里叶变换方法,快速、高精度地计算出空间域电磁场分量.理论模型数值算例中:首先,验证了本文算法的有效性;其次,对任意各向异性倾角产生的可控源电磁响应规律进行研究;最后,采用山丘模型对各向异性介质电磁场的响应规律进行了模拟和分析.     

Development of a SPME-GC Method for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Wastewater

A manual SPME method is presented for the analysis of organic compounds in industrial wastewater. 24 compounds commonly found in the wastewater of a chemical plant in northern Germany have been selected as reference compounds. Precision, linearity, and detection limits have been determined. Moreover, the effect of methanol content, pH value, salt content, and an excess of compounds on the extraction process have been studied. Several compounds have been investigated for their applicability as internal standards to quantify the compounds of interest. Since the method will later be transferred to a fully automated SPME-GC system, which will be operated directly on-site at an industrial wastewater purification plant, special attention has been paid to the analysis of real wastewater samples. In this context, the fibre stability has been studied by performing 53 extraction/desorption cycles from one wastewater sample. Neither a decrease in fibre performance nor in precision has been observed indicating that the proposed method is suitable for the analysis of real wastewater.     

浅层地震勘探在工程勘察中的应用

根据地震波传播的基本理论,首先详细论述了各种波传播的特点,然后根据各种波的特点,论述了各种勘探方法－－浅层反射波法、浅层折射波法、回折波剖面法及ＰＳ速度测井等方法的应用前提、应用范围及野外工作方法。并结合本单位近几年的工作成果,对一些应用实例进行了讨论。该方法在实际应用中解决了许多地质及工程问题,为城市地城小区划及建筑工程场地的选址提供了必要的参考资料,取得了较好的效果。     

用波形拟合方法检测桩基质量

提出了一种用桩的已知缺陷计算多次反射波叠加效应的递推算法，并编制成微机程序，可对桩的任意缺陷进行拟合．实践证明，该法对判断桩的浅部缺陷和多缺陷并存的情况较为有效，改善了原有反射法的解释精度．     

Coupled gravity dam-foundation analysis using a simplified direct method of soil-structure interaction

A time domain transient analysis of a concrete gravity dam and its foundation has been carried out in a coupled manner using finite element technique and the effect of Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) has been incorporated using a simplified direct method. A two dimensional plane strain dam-foundation model has been used for the time history analysis to compute the stresses and displacements against earthquake loading considering the effect of soil-structure interaction. An effective boundary condition has been implemented by attaching dashpots to the vertical boundaries. The material damping effects have also been considered and the dam and foundation have both been modeled as linear, elastic materials. To achieve a greater degree of accuracy, the displacements and stresses calculated in the free-field analysis have also been added to those developed in the complete dam-foundation analysis. The proposed algorithm has been simulated for the case of two published problems and in both the cases the results have been found to be in close agreement. The proposed technique is quite simple and easy to implement in the computer code. The outcomes of the results show the efficacy of the developed method.     

Three-dimensional analysis of gravity anomalies of sedimentary basins by polygonal prismatic model with a quadratic density function

The decrease of density contrast in sedimentary strata may be approximated by a quadratic function. A sedimentary basin may be considered as a number of horizontal polygonal prisms of finite thickness placed one over the other. Equations for the gravity anomaly of ann-sided polygon prism have been derived using a quadratic density function. A method has been developed for inversion of the gravity anomalies using a polygonal prismatic model. An analytical method has been employed for evaluating the necessary derivatives as the computing time by this method is much slower than by a numerical method. Approximate equations have been derived for rapid calculation of the anomalies and derivatives. Efficient computer programs have been developed for calculation of the anomalies and derivatives by an appropriate use of the exact and approximate equations. The depths to the polygon prisms constituting the basin are iteratively adjusted by minimizing the sum of the squares of the differences between the observed and calculated anomalies. These methods have been applied to analyze the Bouguer anomaly map of the Los Angeles basin, California.     

P波初动方向变化的震时监测预报意义

本文根据Ｐ波初动方向来判断在同一次地震群中，最大的一次地震发生后，有一次或几次地震的Ｐ波初动方向会改变，由此可以判断主震已过。此方法简单明了，在有感地震发生后能随时判断以后的Ｐ波初动方向，一旦方向改变说明不会再有大地震来了。在临震监测预报中具有一定意义。     

桩靴连续贯入过程的动态模拟方法研究

采用CEL方法(耦合的欧拉-拉格朗日分析法)对比研究桩靴下沉速度不同对计算结果的影响,分析不同桩靴下沉速度下附近桩基础的响应,研究质量放大方法的适用性。结果表明:无桩时桩靴贯入速度不同对土体阻力影响较小,土体的破坏形态和剪应力水平略有不同;桩靴贯入速度对桩身水平位移影响较小,桩靴贯入速度越大,桩身最大应力越小;质量放大系数的增加对桩身最大位移的影响较小,但对桩身最大应力有较大影响,因此建议谨慎使用质量放大方法。     

Case 23 nomination of precursory seismic quiescence as a significant precursor

Conclusions Several cases of extremely strong quiescences have been investigated in great detail, and it was found that they are statistically highly significant and that they cannot be reasonably explained by catalog heterogeneity. Several additional cases of quantitatively measured quiescence have been documented. The method of measuring quiescence has progressed from using visual means to using a quantitative approach, and the understanding of the noise sources has significantly advanced during the last few years. Therefore I feel that quiescence is a real phenomenon and the method to detect it has matured to a point that is acceptable for the List of Significant Precursors, although considerably more work needs to be done to understand this parameter and its role in the earthquake generation process.     

一种考虑震级不确定性的估计b值的方法

为了改进b值的精度，应用一种统计方法来估计地震数。该方法适用于任何地区，特别对那些具有很大不确定性地震资料的地区来说尤其适宜。以河北地震带为例进行了验证，表明该方法有一定的适用性和可行性。     

Research on earthquake prediction from geomagnetic pulsation

Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｉｏｎｆｒｏｍｇｅｏｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｐｕｌｓａｔｉｏｎ周军成，韩克礼，王培德，鲁跃Ｊｕｎ－ＣｈｅｎｇＺＨＯＵ；Ｋｅ－ＬｉＨＡＮ；Ｐｅｉ－ＤｅＷＡＮＧａｎｄＹｕｅＬＵ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｐ...     

A Versatile Nonlinear Inversion to Interpret Gravity Anomaly Caused by a Simple Geometrical Structure

A geophysical interpretative method is proposed to depth, amplitude coefficient and geometrical shape factor determination of a buried structure from an observed gravity anomaly related to a cylinder or a sphere-like structure.The method is based on nonlinearly constrained mathematical modelling and also on stochastic optimization approaches. The proposed interpretative method first has been tested on theoretical synthetic models with different random errors at a certain depth, where a very close agreement has been observed between assumed and evaluated parameters. Subsequent field data have been considered for which the interpreted results by other methods are available for comparison. The agreement between the obtained results by the proposed technique and by other geophysical methods is good. A statistical analysis has been also carried out to demonstrate the accuracy and the precision of the suggested interpretative method.     

大型地下含水体对地震波特殊反射规律的现场正演试验研究

在成功预报宜万铁路云雾山隧道大型含水溶腔的工程实践中,发现了地下大型含水体对地震波的特殊反射现象,用地震波在双相介质中的传播理论解释了这种特殊的反射现象,分析了地震波在岩石与水体界面的反射、透射规律.提出了地震波法预报中对大型地下含水体的判识准则,并于青岛胶州湾海底隧道进行了两次现场正演试验,由海底基岩对海底界面进行了...     

A PNEUMATIC SEISMIC ENERGY SOURCE FOR SHALLOW WATER / MARSH AREAS*

Non dynamite seismic energy sources have shown only limited success in difficult shallow-water or marsh prospect areas, and none have applicability to both environments. Recently, a method has been devised to adapt a marine pneumatic source for operation in abrasive surroundings. A system composed of four of these modified sources together with associated emplacement and retrieval mechanisms has been developed and has proven to be a reliable and efficient seismic energy source for both shallow-water and marsh applications.     

On the magnetic phases of natural pyrrhotites

Summary The magnetic phases of natural pyrrhotites were studied by the method of powder patterns, the chemism of the magnetic phases by means of the electron microprobe method, and the crystal phases by etching the polished sections. The method of powder patterns distinguished the ferrimagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases in the transition-type pyrrhotites. The method of absorbed electrons lead to the discovery that both phases have a different chemical composition and that the ferrimagnetic phase has a lower denisty and an average atomic number. The linear and point-by-point analysis disclosed that the ferrimagnetic phase has a lower weight content of Fe and a higher weight content of S than the antiferromagnetic phase. Both the magnetic phases displayed different properties when etched, and therefore they not only have a different chemical composition, but also a different crystal structure. The necessity of studying the image of the absorbed electrons and the image of the etched surface of the polycrystalline samples of pyrrhotites of the transition type separately on individual grains was pointed out.     

储层流体识别的新方法

利用小波变换方法可以把原始信号分解为一系列载有不同信息的子信号,每种子信号载有储层的特定信息,包括流体、岩性和孔隙结构等。我们开发出了基于小波变换的谱分析方法,利用该方法可以从这些子信号中提取出反映地层流体特性的子信号,通过对该子信号的处理识别出地层所含流体的特性。本文利用该流体识别新方法对某油田的实际测井资料进行了处理,处理结果与试油结果符合得很好,进一步证明了本方法的可靠性和实用性。     

广义地震活动窗及其对震前异常过程的跟踪应用

提出了广州地震窗的概念,并以此作为研究范围以突出局部构造特点。用多年地震频次等值线划分广义地震窗的方法,在中国东部得到４５个广义地震窗,它们具有明显的构造意义,应用原有地震活动参数提出一个相对指标ｆ,用以消除局部的地域特点和地震活动涨落的时段特点,提高原指标的异常信息提取能力。用地震活动指数Ａ（ｂ）值的相对指标ｆ（Ａ（ｂ）,提出了用多窗异常组合图综合平面的时间的三维信息以跟踪异常过程,结果显示主震     

HYDRODYNAMIC MODELLING OF ESTUARINE CIRCULATION USING A SPLINE METHOD OF FRACTIONAL STEPS

I. INTRODUCTIONNumerical models of estuaries incorporating simulation of the density induced circulation are consideredimPOrtant tools in the assessment of their dispersive characteristics. Most models to date have used finite difference approximations to the governing equations (see for example thericke and Hogan, 1977, Blumberg,1 977, Perrels and Karelse, 1978). A numeriCal model of estuarine circulation using a SADI (Spline Alternating Direction implicit) procedure together with a…     

Finite difference modeling of seismic wave propagation in monoclinic media

Reported in the present paper are the results of the study of propagation of SH waves in the plane of mirror symmetry of a monoclinic multilayered medium with displacement normal to the plane. Dispersion equation has been obtained analytically ussing Haskell’s matrix method, while the finite-difference method has been employed to model the SH-wave propagation to study its phase and group velocities. The stability analysis has been carried out to minimize the exponential growth of the error of finite difference approximation in order to make the finite difference method stable and convergent. Further, variations of phase velocity with respect to both wave number and dispersion parameter for different stability ratios in monoclinic media have been examined and shown graphically. The effect of change of stability ratio on the group velocity of the wave propagation has been also investigated. Likewise, the effects of change of dispersion parameter on phase velocity and the variation of frequency with increase of wave number have been graphically represented and discussed.