黄、东海海域溶解无解机砷分布特征与化学形态

Distribution and chemical speciation of dissolved inorganic arsenic were examined in Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Results demonstrated that: (1) both As(III) and As(V) were detected, with As(V) domin...     

南黄海悬浮体浓度的平面分布特征及其输运规律

重点分析和探讨了南黄海悬浮体浓度的平面分布及其水平输运,结果显示悬浮体浓度具有显著的空间区域化分布特征,其与该海域环流场的布局和季节转换存在良好的对应关系,南黄海环流是该海域悬浮体运移的主要动力和控制因素;江苏近岸海域在一年四季均为悬浮体浓度的最高值区,其悬浮体主要来源于潮流和海浪所引起的沉积物再悬浮以及苏北沿岸水的携带和输送,而且夏季悬浮体在该海域的累积还可为冬半年在黄海西部沿岸流作用下将其输运至东南海域提供很好的物源保证;长江口东北部海域在春、夏、秋三季出现东北向扩展的高值区,体现了长江冲淡水的影响;石岛外海在冬、春、秋三季也存在悬浮体浓度高值区,并具有向南黄海中部泥质区扩展的态势,这是鲁北沿岸流将现代黄河物质输运至此的结果。发现调查海域中部表底层在春秋季均存在云团状高值区,而且该海域悬浮体浓度自春季至秋季出现"双峰现象",这与春秋季水华期间浮游植物繁殖所产生的有机碎屑有关,并使作为悬浮体组成的海洋浮游生物有机质向沉积物转移,据此进一步指出这一物源可能对南黄海冷涡泥质区的形成、发育也具有一定的作用,该观点深化了对南黄海中部冷涡泥质区受上层生物活动影响以及泥质区物源的认识。     

东海悬浮体的分布特征及其演变

悬浮体系指悬浮在水中,经过过滤能停留在滤膜或滤纸上的一切物质质点，其中包括泥沙颗粒、浮游生物及各种胶体物质等。悬浮体浓度分布是自然环境条件的综合反映，与物质来源，海洋环流、潮流、波浪等动力要素密切相关。因此，悬浮体浓度及运移途径是测试环境条件的重要参数，对其进行研究将对开发港口、合理利用土地资源、保护生态环境具有重要的实际意义，对于探讨现代沉积过程则具有理论意义。     

三峡大坝会减小东海的上升流和生产力吗?——与陈镇东先生商榷

针对陈镇东先生于《Geophys.Res.Lett.》2000年27卷3期提出的"三峡大坝将减小东海的上升流并降低东海生产力"的观点认为,陈先生在其方法的适用性、严密性和观测事实等方面尚存在一些有待商榷之处。研究分析表明,三峡大坝不仅不会减少长江的年径流量,不会减小东海的上升流,反而可通过减少长江泥沙入海通量而增加近岸水体的光可得性,从而提高长江口及东海近岸海域的初级生产力。     

渤、黄、东海悬浮物质量浓度冬、夏季变化的数值模拟

采用HAMSOM三维正压水动力模型结合粒子追踪的悬浮颗粒物输运模型模拟了渤、黄、东海悬浮物质量浓度冬、夏季变化。模拟结果显示,潮流和底质对悬浮物质量浓度的分布有决定性的作用,沉积物再悬浮对悬浮物质量浓度分布影响大,冬季尤为显著。莱州湾中西部和渤海湾南部悬浮物终年维持高质量浓度,古黄河口冬季再悬浮物的质量浓度高于其它季节的。长江口附近悬浮物终年维持高质量浓度,夏季长江口东北悬浮物的质量浓度高于冬季的,浙江沿岸冬季悬浮物的质量浓度高于夏季的。     

Relationship between suspended sediments from the Changjiang Estuary and the evolution of the embayed muddy coast of Zhejiang Province

South of Hangzhou Bay, Zhejiang Province, exhibits an embayed muddy coastline, with the muddy beaches of embayments extending continuously seaward.The source of sediments on this coast presents an interesting problem to marine geologists and geomorphologists .The total annual load of sediments from the rivers of Zhejiang is only 12×106t.These materials affect only the area near the river mouths. The paper showed that the sediment along the coast of Zhejiang mainly comes from the Changjiang Estuary through analysing the time and space variations of suspended sediment, the features of sediment and the sedimentary transport.The Changjiang River is the largest river system in China, its sediment to the sea amounting to 468×106t. The sediment during summer transports mainly eastward, and is affected by the water body with high temperature, salinity and transparency; the winter season is the period with high sediment concentration. The sediment of the Changjiang Estuary transports together with the longshor     

Summer distribution and geochemical composition of suspended-particulate matter in the east china sea

The distribution and geochemical composition of suspended-particulate matter (SPM) in the East China Sea (ECS) were investigated during the summer period of high continental runoff to elucidate SPM sources, distribution and cross-shelf transport. The spatial variability of SPM distribution (0.3–6.5 mg l⁻¹) and geochemical composition (POC, Al, Si, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg and K) in the ECS was pronounced during summer when the continental fluxes of freshwater and terrestrial materials were highest during the year. Under the influences of Changjiang runoff, Kuroshio intrusion, surface production and bottom resuspension, the distribution generally showed strong gradients decreasing seaward for both biogenic and lithogenic materials. Particulate organic carbon was enriched in surface water (mean ∼18%) due to the influence of biological productivity, and was diluted by resuspended and/or laterally-transported materials in bottom water (mean 9.4%). The abundance of lithogenic elements (Al, Si, Fe, Mn) increased toward the bottom, and the distribution correlations were highly significant. Particulate CaCO₃ distribution provided evidence that the SPM of the bottom water in the northern part of the study area was likely mixed with sediments originally derived from Huanghe. A distinct benthic nepheloid layer (BNL) was present in all seaward transects of the ECS shelf. Sediment resuspension may be caused by tidal fluctuation and other forcing and be regarded as the principal agent in the formation of BNL. This BNL was likely responsible for the transport of biogenic and lithogenic particles across or along the ECS shelf. Total inventories of SPM, POC and PN are 46, 2.8 and 0.4 Tg, respectively, measured over the total area of 0.45 × 10⁶ km² of the ECS shelf. Their mean residence times are about 27, 13 and 11 days, respectively. The inventory of SPM in the water column was higher in the northernmost and southernmost transects and lower in the middle transects, reflecting the influences of terrestrial inputs from Changjiang and/or resuspended materials from Huanghe deposits in the north and perhaps from Minjiang and/or Taiwan’s rivers in the south. The distribution and transport patterns of SPM and geochemical elements strongly indicate that continental sources and cross-shelf transport modulate ECS particulate matter in summer.     

长江口最大浑浊带潮周期内悬浮物中的重金属

In order to discuss the content distributions and fluxes of heavy metals in suspended matters during a tidal cycle in the turbidity maximum around the Changjiang(Yangtze) Estuary,the contents of heavy metals(Zn,Pb,Cd,Co and Ni) have been analyzed.During a tidal cycle,the average contents of heavy metals are in the order of ZnNiPbCo àCd.The average contents in ebb tide are generally higher than that in flood tide.However,at the inshore Sta.11,influenced by the contamination from the nearby waste treatment plant,the average contents of Zn and Ni in flood tide are higher than those in ebb tide and at the offshore Sta.10,the content of Cd in flood tide higher than that in ebb tide due to marine-derived materials.The five heavy metals,mainly terrigenous,are transported towards east-northeast,and settle down with suspended matters in the area between Sta.11 and Sta.10.Influenced by marine-derived materials,the flux value of Cd does not alter significantly with obviously changing in flux direction towards northwest.The source of heavy metals,the salinity of water and the concentration of suspended matters are the main factors controlling the content distributions of heavy metals during a tidal cycle.There is a positive correlation between the contents of heavy metals(Zn,Pb,Co and Ni) and the salinity of water,while the opposite correlation between the contents and the concentrations of suspended matters.Because of marine-derived materials,the content of Cd is not correlated with the concentration of suspended matters and the salinity of water.     

长江口及其邻近海域营养盐的分布特征和输送途径

根据黄海、东海的最新现场调查资料,探讨了长江口及其邻近海域营养盐分布特征与输送途径.调查结果表明,在长江口以东及其东北部海域终年存在一个范围很大的营养盐高值区.分析表明,这些营养盐主要来自长江冲淡水的扩展及苏北沿岸流的输送.此外,还获得了1998年长江流域特大洪水期间,迄今被观测到的长江冲淡水中营养盐的最大扩展范围.     

悬浮体粒度特征所反映的南黄海辐射沙脊群泥沙扩散趋势

基于大量的悬浮体现场粒度和浓度数据,借助细颗粒悬浮体作为示踪物,分析了潮流作用下南黄海辐射沙脊群海底沉积物的再悬浮和扩散特征,并探讨了沙辐射沙脊群以北泥质区的形成机制。研究结果表明：（1）在辐射沙脊群以北,近岸悬沙在离岸方向上的扩散受到限制,向南又被辐射沙脊群中心浅滩所阻挡,只能在辐射沙脊群与废黄河口之间形成沿岸分布的高浓度浑水团。（2）辐射沙脊群以北的往复潮流对海底沉积物有分选作用,倾向于把海底沉积物中的粗颗粒分选搬运至沙脊群,把细颗粒沉积物向北输送,从而在沙脊群以北形成泥质区。（3）在正常海况下,沙脊表层沉积物再悬浮作用十分微弱,沙脊上覆水体中的悬沙主要来自于临近沟槽海底沉积物的水平扩散。     

Bulk particulate organic carbon in the East China Sea: Tidal influence and bottom transport

Five oceanographic surveys were carried out in the East China Sea (ECS) and Yellow Sea from 1999 to 2003. In all, seven different sections were surveyed, but one section (the PN section) was observed on every cruise. Two time-series stations were also surveyed, one located at the Changjiang River mouth, the other over the continental shelf in the PN section.We identified biogeochemical characteristics for waters close to the Changjiang Estuary and in the Kuroshio waters (KW), respectively. Resuspension is a strong feature near bottom over the ECS continental shelf, with suspended matter values 13 times higher than that for the surface. A model of particulate organic carbon (POC) dynamics based on a rectangle equation reveals that POC concentration close to the Changjiang Estuary varies with a semidiurnal period of ∼13 h, coinciding with the tidal period. The upper limit for POC residence times in the seasons we covered over the shelf are estimated to be on the order of weeks and generally increase seaward from near the Changjiang Estuary to the KW. Short POC residence times suggest that POC in the ECS is rapidly exported from euphotic waters.A nepheloid layer, observed as elevated suspended matter in near the bottom of the water column, is important in particle transfer over the shelf, especially in winter when the residual current flows mainly eastward. Cross-shelf transport of POC via the nepheloid layer is estimated to be 0.22 × 10¹² g yr⁻¹. Comparison with other work indicates that POC transport is ∼2% of the Changjiang POC input.     

秋季南黄海西部营养盐的分布及其与环流场的关系

重点分析和研究了秋季南黄海西部营养盐的分布状况和水文特征,并在此基础上探讨了营养盐分布及其运移规律与该海域环流场的关系.结果表明:长江冲淡水、苏北沿岸水以及鲁北沿岸水所引起的物质输入是导致南黄海西部近岸海域三个营养盐含量高值区形成的主要因素;由于跃层阻隔以及底层有机物的氧化分解,调查海域中部底层水体也存在较大面积的营养...     

南中国海海水中多环芳烃的分布特征及源分析

利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术,对2012年10月采自南中国34个站位的表层、500 m层、底层海水中的16种多环芳烃(16PAHs)进行了检测分析。结果显示:南中国海海水中16PAHs的含量相对于其他类似广阔水域较低,分布特征大致呈现500 m层表层底层。经特征PAHs组分分析判定南中国海海水中PAHs主要来源于石油及其产品。     

长江口及邻近海域沉积物中四醚脂类的来源及其对底层溶解氧指示作用探究

甘油二烷基甘油四醚(glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers,GDGTs)作为一种重要的膜脂化合物,广泛存在于海洋水体和沉积物中。基于GDGTs对温度的敏感性, TEX₈₆(Tetra Etherinde Xoftetraethers consisting of 86 carbons)指标被广泛用于海洋古温度重建。然而,研究表明GDGTs母源生物古菌也会受到环境中溶解氧(DO)变化的影响,进而影响其膜脂组成,但边缘海DO对GDGTs组成的影响仍不清楚。本文研究了夏季长江口及其邻近海域颗粒物与表层沉积物中GDGTs的含量与组成,探讨了表层沉积物中GDGTs的来源及其组成对底层DO的响应。结果表明,长江口及其邻近海域颗粒物GDGTs的含量随水深的增加而增加,同时表层沉积物中的GDGT-2/GDGT-3和GDGT-0/Cren比值均与底层颗粒物相近,表明沉积物中GDGTs主要来源于底层颗粒物的沉降输入。进一步对受陆源有机质输入影响较小的站位研究发现有机质来源BIT(Branched and Isoprenoid Tetractter)指...     

东海沿岸海区垂直环流及其温盐结构动力过程研究Ⅱ．温盐结构

对于本研究采用的动力学模型及其垂直环流的模拟结果已在第Ⅰ部分论述。作者将对与垂直环流对应的温、盐结构进行分析。温度和盐度模拟结果表明：冬季东海沿岸海区的温、盐分布均为近岸低、外海高;近岸温、盐呈垂直均匀分布,在外海出现分层,其温度为表层高、底层低,而盐度却为表层和底层高,中层偏低,长江口以南的近表层以下形成自近岸伸向外海的弱低盐水舌;长江冲淡水区及长江口以北和其以南外海的近表层有温、盐跃层生成,深底层温、盐呈均匀分布,且保持低温高盐特征;随着海区自北往南纬度的降低,岸坡和水深的增大及沿岸下降流的增强,温度和盐度自近岸至外海的垂直均匀分布跨度逐渐变窄;外海近表层的温、盐跃层强度自北至长江口逐渐增强,而自长江口至南逐渐减弱,其位置自北往南逐渐上移;冬季沿岸下降流使长江冲淡水区的盐跃层变厚。夏季海区的温度分布为近岸和外海高,近岸稍远出现冷水涌升,垂向上呈现显著分层,盐度分布为近岸低、外海高;长江冲淡水区及杭州湾以南外海的次表层存在温、盐跃层,其跃层以上出现混合层,且保持高温低盐特征,跃层以下温、盐大致呈均匀分布,并保持低温高盐特征;随着海区自南往北纬度的增高、岸坡和水深的减小及沿岸上升流自南至长江口和自长江口至北的增强和继而减弱,长江冲淡水区的温、盐跃层强度自南至长江口逐渐增强,而自长江口至北逐渐减弱,外海次表层的温、盐跃层强度却自南至长江口逐渐减弱,自长江口至北又逐渐增强,其温、盐跃层的位置自南往北逐渐上移;夏季沿岸上升流使长江冲淡水区的盐跃层变薄。     

Recycling of manganese in the coastal sea,Funka Bay,Japan

The downward flux of Mn through the water column was directly measured using sediment traps. The Mn flux from the bottom sediment to the water column, and the removal rate of Mn in the bottom water were estimated from Mn gradients in the bottom water. The sediment traps were deployed more than ten times at the same station in Funka Bay, Japan. The trapped settling matter and filtered suspended matter samples were analyzed for Mn, Fe, Al and ignition loss. The observed downward flux of Mn through the water column in winter (1.3–2.8 μg/cm² /day) was generally an order of magnitude larger than that in summer (0.13–0.45 μg/cm² /day), and the Mn fluxes for both seasons were also greater than the accumulation rate of Mn in the bottom sediments (0.10 μg/cm ²/day). More Al was contained in the trapped settling matter than in the suspended matter, while Mn showed the opposite behavior. The Fe/Mn ratio of the residual fraction (obtained by subtracting the sediment component of the settling matter) was rather well correlated with the corresponding ratio in suspended matter. Settling particles are expected to scavenge suspended matter during their passage through the water column. The flux of Mn across the sediment—water interface was estimated from its vertical profiles in the water column to be 0.1–0.3 μg/cm² day. The residence time of Mn in bottom water was about one to several months. These results suggest that Mn is actively recycled between the water column and the sediments of the coastal sea.     

东海内陆架泥质沉积体研究进展

陆架海现代泥质沉积研究具有重要的地质学、环境科学和气候学意义,数十年来一直受到海洋科学家的关注,尤其是近年来在我国兴起了一股研究陆架泥质沉积体的热潮,取得一大批重要成果。本文对我国最大的东海内陆架泥质沉积体的研究进展进行回顾,作为典型区域呈献给读者。东海内陆架泥质沉积区从长江口水下三角洲向南,沿闽浙近岸浅海一直延伸到台湾海峡中部,全长800km,宽约100km,面积约80000km2,相当于两个台湾岛的大小,实属我国乃至亚洲浅海规模最大(体积排第二)的楔式泥质沉积体和现代沉积区。该区中晚全新世沉积地层厚度较大,局部厚达40—80m,总体上呈近岸厚、向海方向逐渐变薄,一般在50—60m等深线、局部可达75m甚至90m等深线附近尖灭。该区泥质沉积物粒度较细,主要由黏土和粉砂组成(大于90%),砂含量很低(小于10%),黏土和粉砂含量在泥质沉积区外缘急剧降低,而砂含量突然增加。沉积物类型为粉砂质黏土和黏土质粉砂,外侧与黏土-粉砂-砂(混合沉积)或泥质砂为界。粒度分布南北有一定差异,北段(长江口外至瓯江口外)近岸较粗外侧较细,近岸为黏土质粉砂,外侧为粉砂质黏土;而南段(自瓯江口至台湾海峡北部)则相反;深入台湾海峡中部的远端泥质沉积也较粗,为黏土质粉砂。现代沉积速率从长江口水下三角洲至闽浙沿岸近海以及从近岸向外陆架方向逐渐降低,与地层厚度分布相一致。悬浮体浓度空间分布,尤其是冬季悬浮体的分布与沉积速率的分布基本一致,表明沉积物是从长江口沿闽浙近海向南和从近岸向海输运的。矿物、化学和环境磁学指标等均显示沉积物主要来自长江,老黄河对该区北部,台湾物质对南部有一定影响,闽浙沿岸河流在局部也有少量贡献。该泥质沉积体的形成与全新世中期约7.3ka BP以来持续高海面及相应的总体沉积动力过程密切相关,主要包括闽浙沿岸流将长江物质源源不断地向南输送和沉积过程、台湾暖流、上升流在其外侧的阻挡作用,以及下降流和穿刺锋的横向输运等动力控制因素。沉积物输运主要发生在冬季,冬季风导致海洋动力加强的作用功不可没,热带气旋-台风风暴对泥质体起到了一定助长与破坏的双重作用。由于该泥质沉积体的形成与季风和沿岸流的密切关系,在形成过程中打上了气候环境的烙印,是冬季风和夏季风演化记录的良好载体,近年来的研究成果很好地揭示了中晚全新世以来千年、百年、十年尺度甚至更高分辨率的气候演化历史及气候突变事件。该泥质沉积区对人类活动的响应也较敏感,自3.0ka BP以来对长江流域燃火变化以及历史上中国人口的几次大迁徙均显现在沉积记录中,特别是对近几十年,尤其是三峡水库蓄水以来,长江来沙的变化也有明显的响应。未来的研究需要进一步澄清泥质体形成发育过程不同阶段中长江、黄河、台湾、闽浙河流物质以及残留区物质的定量贡献及时空差异;深入了解人类活动的响应及环境记录研究;加强现代沉积动力过程的观测和精细的数值模拟研究,揭示泥质积区动力背景的空间差异性,这不仅是深化泥质沉积形成机制的需要,也可为古环境恢复提供科学支撑。     

黄河入海泥沙对渤海和黄海沉积作用的影响

渤海平均水深18m，最大水深70m，是一个较浅的海湾。黄海平均水深38m，其中部为水深大于50m的盆地。它们的共同特征是陆地环绕。沿岸河流输沙特征对沉积作用过程有重大影响，特别是黄河入海泥沙的影响尤为显著。 关于黄河人海泥沙对渤海和黄海沉积作用的影响，前人已从不同角度进行过讨论。黄河是世界上著名的多沙性河流。由于黄河尾闾长期以来不断发生变迁，纵横摆动于华北平原之上，交替注入渤海和黄海，因此，在讨论黄河入海泥沙在中国近海沉积中的作用时，必须把渤海和黄海作为一个整体，甚至南涉东海。本文试图在以往工作的基础上，概括讨论黄河入海泥沙对渤海和黄海海底沉积作用的影响。     

夏季长江口海域溶解态铁的分布及混合行为研究

本文基于2015年7月长江口的现场调查资料,分析讨论了长江河口区溶解态铁(DFe)的含量分布与混合行为及其影响因素。结果表明:长江径流携带大量的DFe入海,且口内区(Ⅰ)浓度高于混合区(Ⅱ)和外海区(Ⅲ),平均浓度分别为166.45±6.26nmol/L,14.04±8.80nmol/L和6.18±1.51nmol/L。受去除作用和海水稀释的影响,在河口区DFe的浓度下降率达到96.92%。DFe浓度与盐度的关系符合指数模型,由模型与理论稀释线估算的长江口海域DFe的理论最大去除率为97.75%,与实际测得的最大浓度下降率相近。长江冲淡水、苏北沿岸流和台湾暖流影响DFe的水平分布。受长江冲淡水影响,长江口外海域DFe浓度高达176.50nmol/L。苏北沿岸流主要影响研究区域北部的表层水,其携带的DFe浓度低于长江冲淡水。台湾暖流是导致研究区域东南部DFe浓度较低的主要原因,使得中层和底层水中浓度分别低至4.04nmol/L和4.79nmol/L。另外,在表层海水中DFe的分布受到叶绿素a、溶解有机碳和溶解氧的共同影响,DFe与叶绿素a、溶解氧呈显著负相关,与溶解有机碳呈显著正相关。     

Composition of the organic matter of the water,suspended matter,and bottom sediments in Nha Trang Bay in Vietnam in the South China Sea

Research has been conducted in Nha Trang Bay (Southern Vietnam, the South China Sea) at the section from the estuary of the Cai River to the marine part of the bay, as well as in the area of coral reefs. The objects of the studies are the river and sea waters, the suspended matter, and the bottom sediments. Data on the dissolved organic carbon and the total nitrogen in the water are obtained. The organic carbon content is estimated in the suspended matter; the organic carbon and the molecular and group composition of the n-alkanes are determined in the bottom sediments. The molecular and group composition of the n-alkanes in the bottom sediments of the landfill have made it possible to identify three types of organic matter (OM): marine, mixed, and of mainly terrigenous origin. All the types of OM are closely related to the specificity of the sedimentation and the hydrodynamics of the waters in this water area.