太行山太古宙变质杂岩中富铝片麻岩的变质作用

太行山太古宙变质杂岩中富铝片麻岩主要分布在湾子岩系的底部，常常与大理岩密切伴生或者以似层状体产于花岗质片麻岩中。依据岩石结构和反应关系将变质作用分为早期、中期和晚期三个阶段。早期矿物组合为Ｇｔ（石榴石）＋Ｓｔ（十字石）＋Ｐｌ（斜长石）＋Ｍｓ（白云母）＋Ｂｉ（黑云母）＋Ｒｕ（金红石）＋Ｑｚ（石英）±Ｋ－ｆｓ（钾长石）；中期矿物组合为Ｇｔ＋Ｇｅｄ（铝直闪石）＋Ｂｉ＋Ｐｌ＋Ｉｌｍ（钛铁矿）＋Ｃｏ（刚玉）＋Ｓｉｌ１（毛发状夕线石）＋Ｑｚ＋Ｋ－ｆｓ±Ｍｓ；晚期矿物组合为Ｈｃ＋Ｋ－ｆｓ＋Ｓｉｌ２（针柱状夕线石）。矿物温度压力计和内部一致性热力学计算结果表明早期矿物组合形成于６８０℃和０．８ＧＰａ左右，刚玉、铝直闪石和毛发状夕线石组合形成于７３０℃～７５０℃和０．７ＧＰａ左右的很窄的Ｐ－Ｔ范围内，夕线石和尖晶石矿物组合的形成温度与前一组合相似或略高，压力偏低。在Ｐ－Ｔ空间上上述矿物组合的演化构成了一条近等温减压（ＩＴＤ型）的ＰＴｔ轨迹。     

关于东南极拉斯曼丘陵夕线片麻岩类原岩恢复问题的讨论

南极拉斯曼丘陵及其邻区的(含)夕线片麻岩类的原岩可以是杂砂岩、亚杂砂岩、石英砂岩、泥质岩或页岩等。粘土岩或页岩之类的富铝沉积岩与富夕线片麻岩并没有直接对应关系。没有一种泥质岩的化学组成可以与富夕线片麻岩相对应。研究区内夕线石片麻岩的形成主要与黑云斜长片麻岩有关,影响夕线石出现的决定性因素是特定温压条件下的变形变质改造过程,而不是原岩成分。夕线石片麻岩在很大程度上是黑云斜长片麻岩经长英质组分迁移之后的滞留-残留体。夕线石化过程中岩石组分发生了改造,相关变质作用已经明显偏离等化学过程,基本上属于开放体系。原岩中Al2O3的含量也不能控制夕线石的出现与否,含夕线石的岩石未必富铝,反之亦然,岩石富铝也可以不出现夕线石;但是夕线石化过程往往是Al2O3相对增加的过程,这些认识对于夕线石片麻岩成岩环境的确定和原岩建造的重建都具有重要意义。     

变质作用温度与压力极限值的估算方法

变质矿物共生组合中缺少某种矿物,或者变质矿物的原始成分被不同程度地破坏,无法直接应用压力计或温度计算出具体的温度或压力数值时,可以根据实际情况,估算P-T的极限值.估算方法包括如下几类:(1)根据纯相矿物的相变条件,可以确定温度或压力的极限值.例如,根据Al2SiO5矿物相图可知,与红柱石平衡的矿物组合,稳定存在的压力不超过Al2SiO5矿物三相点的压力条件(0.375±0.025GPa);与夕线石平衡的矿物组合,稳定存在的温度不低于Al2SiO5矿物三相点的温度条件(504±20℃);(2)某些特殊矿物组合,其稳定域本身就具有温度或压力极限值的指示意义.例如,高温或超高温变质岩中的紫苏辉石+夕线石+石英组合,稳定存在的压力不低于1.05 GPa;假蓝宝石+石英组合稳定存在的温度不低于1050℃;(3)特殊矿物消失的反应线,可以限定温度极大值.例如,白云母脱水分解的反应,在中等压力条件下,不超过650℃,即与白云母+石英平衡共生的矿物组合一般不会高于650℃;(4)对于矿物固溶体发生出溶的情况,根据新生出溶页片和残留基体矿物,采用溶线温度计(二长石温度计、二辉石温度计、方解石-白云石温度计)计算出的温度数值,代表原先成分均匀的矿物固溶体出溶之前的温度极小值;(5)如果岩石中发生了退变质反应,要恢复变质作用高峰期的P-T条件,需要尽可能恢复高峰期的矿物成分,或者采用接近高峰期的矿物成分;(6)根据压力计模式反应中位于高压侧或低压侧的某种纯相矿物,可以确定压力极限值.例如,金红石位于GRAIL压力计模式反应的高压一侧.当岩石中缺少金红石时,可以人为假定岩石中存在金红石,计算出的压力为真实压力的极大值.由于压力计模式反应大多为纯转变反应,因此根据实际矿物组合和压力计模式反应,一般可以估算变质作用压力的极小值或极大值.估算变质作用P-T的极限值,方法并不限于本文所述的例子.     

内蒙古土贵乌拉孔兹岩带超高温变质作用:变质反应结构及P-T指示

内蒙古土贵乌拉地区分布了含石榴石花岗岩、夕线石榴黑云片麻岩以及二者以不同比例互层状组成的岩石,超高温变质岩以暗色含尖晶石堇青石夕线石榴黑云片麻岩条带或透镜体产于石榴石花岗岩和夕线石榴片麻岩中.基于[K]FMAS[H]系统以及岩石成因格子,认为超高温变质岩经历了三个阶段的变质:早期变质作用阶段,以同一石榴石颗粒中含有夕线石、尖晶石、石英等单相矿物包体为特征,表明变质作用进入到尖晶石 石英组合稳定域;峰期变质作用阶段,以尖晶石 石英、假蓝宝石 石英、斜方辉石 夕线石 石英三种超高温矿物组合为特征,表明峰期变质条件稳定在这三种矿物组合稳定域,指示变质温度高于1000℃;退变质阶段过程中,粗颗粒斜方辉石边部和核部Al含量的重新平衡,指示温度降低到950～970℃左右,表明了近等压冷却的退变质作用,随后由于快速抬升,发生了近等温降压的退变质作用,这个过程以各种反应边和后成合晶结构为标志,例如尖晶石与石英、假蓝宝石与石英之间有堇青石的反应边,石榴石外围有堇青石和斜方辉石的后成合晶.最后黑云母和斜方辉石分解为黑云母标志着高级变质作用的结束.内蒙古土贵乌拉地区超高温变质岩经历了逆时针的P-T演化特点.     

吕梁界河口群变质岩石的构造指示:来自地球化学和同位素年代学的证据

华北中部造山带是华北克拉通内部一条重要的前寒武纪碰撞造山带,该造山带的形成经历了一个漫长而复杂的演化过程。吕梁变质杂岩位于造山带中段,阜平杂岩西南,是透视华北克拉通早前寒武纪构造-热演化的一个重要窗口。本文针对该地区的界河口(岩)群黑云斜长片麻岩和含榴斜长角闪岩开展了系统的野外地质调查、显微岩石学、地球化学和变质年代学研究。结果表明,界河口(岩)群黑云斜长片麻岩的原岩多为富铝富钾的变泥质岩石,其物源主要来自长英质火成岩,形成于有演化岛弧发育的活动大陆边缘构造背景;含榴斜长角闪岩的原岩多数是拉斑玄武岩,源区来自于富集地幔,形成于岛弧构造环境。显微岩相学研究显示,含榴夕线黑云斜长片麻岩和含榴斜长角闪岩中均保留了早期进变质、峰期变质和晚期退变质三个阶段的变质矿物组合,且石榴子石边部多发育明显的"白眼圈"反应结构。其中,含榴夕线黑云斜长片麻岩的峰期矿物组合包括石榴子石、黑云母、夕线石、斜长石、石英和少量钾长石等;含榴斜长角闪岩的峰期矿物组合主要由石榴子石、角闪石、斜长石、磁铁矿和石英等组成。前期研究表明,二者的变质演化均记录了类似的顺时针近等温降压型的变质作用P-T轨迹,其峰期变质条件分别为 750℃/ 7.0kbar和 750℃/ 6.3kbar。本文LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,含榴黑云斜长片麻岩中记录了1928～1920Ma和1882～1855Ma两组变质年龄。结合中部带前人研究成果,本文推断吕梁变质杂岩的区域变质事件与华北克拉通东、西部陆块间的碰撞造山作用有关,该地区与碰撞阶段同期的峰期变质作用发生在1928～1920Ma,而后于1882～1855Ma期间进入与快速构造隆升有关的退变质作用阶段。     

安徽大别山北部红刚玉岩石的成因

大别山北部红刚玉矿产在太古代大别山群黑云角门外长片麻岩以及超基性岩中。赋存红刚玉的刚玉黑云二长片麻岩的原始岩石为富铝泥质岩，在角门岩相变质条件下，通过两种脱硅方式，即变质分异作用和超基性岩侵位，形成刚玉黑云二长片麻岩。它们形成的温压条件：Ｔ＝５００℃～７００℃，Ｐ＝０．４～０．７ＧＰａ。刚玉形成的可能的化学机制是白云母在缺硅条件下的分解。     

孔兹岩系内棱柱状夕线石的成因

对我国鄂西及黑龙江省东部孔兹岩系的地质观察发现,含棱柱状夕线石的高铝夕线片岩类与含红柱石的云母片岩类岩石在区域上共生。系统的岩相学研究表明,这些夕线石系由叶蜡石直接转变所成。原岩恢复以及对变质作用过程中可能发生的变质反应的理论探讨和原始沉积物理想组分计算的结果都支持上述结论。认为孔兹岩系中的棱柱状夕线石和红柱石系低角闪岩相条件下在不同的原岩中经不同的变质反应形成。它们的形成主要受原岩的成分控制。这种由叶蜡石直接分解形成的夕线石,其初始形成温度较低,不能作为划分高角闪岩相的标志。     

冀西北麻粒岩相带富铝片麻岩的退变结构及其变质反应性质

冀西北麻粒岩相带中的富铝片麻岩（夹层）, 主要由石榴（紫苏） 黑云斜长片麻岩和夕线石榴黑云二长（钾长） 片麻岩组成。根据矿物相转变结构及其演化的详细研究, 确定富铝片麻岩存在石榴石与石英、钾长石、夕线石反应生成斜方辉石、堇青石、铝直闪石和黑云母等一系列复杂的变质反应。根据拓扑学、热力学及温压条件的研究结果, 并结合前人的实验资料, 确定富铝片麻岩所发生的这些反应均为特征的以减压为主的反应, 且发生于变质作用近等温减压阶段（Ｍ３）, 相应的变质温压条件： Ｔ＝ ７４０℃～８２０℃, Ｐ＝ ０．４１～０．６８ＧＰａ, 减压幅度达０．４０～０．５０ＧＰａ。研究表明该类反应及相应的矿物相转变不仅受控于温压条件,而且与体系局部水流体介入及其不均一性存在密切的成因关系。这一研究成果对于重新认识冀西北麻粒岩相带富铝片麻岩的成因机制及其变质动力学过程有着重要的科学意义     

青藏高原拉萨地体南部林芝岩群的物质来源与形成年代：岩石学与锆石U-Pb年代学

本文对位于青藏高原拉萨地体东南部林芝岩群中的变质岩进行了岩石学和年代学研究。研究表明,林芝岩群由角闪岩相的变质沉积岩和正片麻岩组成。变质沉积岩主要为含石榴石白云斜长角闪片岩、含石榴石云母石英片岩、含石榴石黑云钾长片麻岩、大理岩和石英岩等,代表性矿物组合包括石榴石+斜长石+角闪石+石英+黑云母+白云母,或石榴石+斜长石+钾长石+石英+夕线石+黑云母+白云母。花岗质片麻岩（含二云母片麻岩）的矿物组合是石英+斜长石+钾长石+黑云母+白云母。锆石U-Pb年代学分析表明,变质沉积岩中的碎屑锆石主要为岩浆成因,获得了2708~63Ma的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄范围,在~1100Ma和~550Ma出现两个年代峰值。碎屑锆石的变质增生边给出了35Ma的变质年龄。正片麻岩获得了496Ma的锆石结晶年龄和1158Ma的继承年龄。基于上述研究结果、区域对比和相邻变质岩石中获得的多期变质年龄,我们认为林芝岩群的原岩很可能形成在早古生代,其沉积物质主要来源于印度陆块,与特提斯喜马拉雅早古生代的岩石一起同为印度大陆北缘的沉积盖层,在环冈瓦纳大陆周缘造山过程中被寒武纪花岗岩侵入。在新特提斯洋向北的俯冲过程中,林芝岩群经历了晚中生代的安第斯型造山作用,在印度与欧亚大陆的俯冲-碰撞过程中,林芝岩群部分地经历了新生代的变质和岩浆作用再造。本研究证明,林芝岩群并不是传统上认为的拉萨地体的前寒武纪变质基底,其角闪岩相至麻粒岩相变质作用发生在中、新生代。     

大青山-乌拉山变质杂岩带大南沟地区含榴尖晶黑云钾长片麻岩成因及其形成的P-T条件

大南沟贫硅的含榴尖晶黑云钾长片麻岩出露于华北克拉通西北部大青山-乌拉山变质杂岩带(孔兹岩带)中,主要以大小不等的透镜状和互层状产于石榴长英质粒状岩石和石榴堇青夕线黑云二长片麻岩中.本文通过岩相学、变质反应、成因矿物学、矿物化学以及相平衡模拟的综合研究,揭示合榴尖晶黑云钾长片麻岩的成因机制及其形成的P-T条件.研究表明,大南沟含榴尖晶黑云钾长片麻岩内尖晶石的Zn含量极低(XZn=Zn/(Fe2+Mg+ Zn)＜0.006).含尖晶石的后成合晶微域反映峰后退变条件下局部的再平衡过程,其中石榴石分解形成的钾长石+尖晶石±斜长石后成合晶是由Grt+ Sil+ Melt→Kfs+Spl+ Pl反应形成的.而细粒尖晶石-刚玉-磁铁矿矿物组合及相应的退变结构是在晚期降温和氧化作用下,通过反应Splss+O2→Spl+ Mag+ Crn分解形成的.相平衡模拟结果表明含榴尖晶黑云钾长片麻岩峰期矿物组合为Bt+ Grt+ Spl+ Mag+ Sil+Kfs +P1+ Liq,稳定的温压条件在830～ 870℃和8.3～8.6kb,位于夕线石的稳定域.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with