紫金山铜金矿床铜蓝垂向变化特征探讨

<正>1研究背景及意义福建省上杭县的紫金山铜金矿床是我国大陆发现的首例高硫化型浅成低温热液矿床,具有"上金下铜"的垂直矿化分带特征,铜矿体主要分布在+928~-400 m,铜金属量丰富,大于300万t。该矿床目前已发现Cu-S体系8种矿物[1],硫砷铜矿、块硫砷铜矿、斑铜矿、黄铜矿等21种铜矿物。铜矿物中蓝辉铜矿、铜蓝、块硫砷铜矿、硫砷铜矿占99%以上。前人对铜蓝-蓝辉铜矿的矿物成分和矿物组合分布特征有较深     

硫铟铜矿在福建紫金山铜金矿床的发现及深部找矿意义

硫铟铜矿(CuInS2)是一种罕见的铟独立矿物,在中国未曾报道过。在研究福建紫金山铜金矿床深部矿石矿物组成时,首次发现了硫铟铜矿。硫铟铜矿通常见于中高温热液矿床,紫金山铜金矿床东南矿段铜矿体中出现了硫钨锡铜矿、硫钼锡铜矿、硫铁锡铜矿、硫砷锡铜矿、锡砷硫钒铜矿、似黄锡矿、辉钼矿等高温矿物,指示紫金山矿床深部成矿温度较高,成矿流体中In、Sn、Pb、Zn、Mo、W含量较高,具有斑岩型等中高温热液成矿系统的找矿潜力。     

湖南常宁柏坊铜鼓塘的磷铜矿

磷铜矿在我国的产出地点在文献上尚未见报导,因此铜鼓塘找到磷铜矿是其意义的,它产出在湖南衡阳的红色盆地的南缘第三系底部红色岩系的浅色砂岩的铜矿床的氧化带中;矿床属沉积型含铜砂岩矿床,主要矿物为次生富集带的辉铜矿,以及少量的铀矿物,矿床氧化带非常发育。其中的含铜矿物有孔雀石、蓝铜矿、硅孔雀石、水胆矾、赤铜矿、     

辽东地区铅锌铜矿床中几种少见金属矿物的初步研究

笔者在研究辽东地区铅锌铜隐伏矿床过程中,发现了几种少见的金属矿物(硫铋铜矿,银锑黝铜矿,硫铜钴矿)。经初步研究现简述如下: 1 矿物空间分布几种少见金属矿物在区内分布较普遍,限于工作程度关系,初步查定这些矿物产出于石湖沟、正沟门、盘岭等地(表l)。银锑黝铜矿比云南的含银量高155倍,为国内少见的含银高的银锑黝铜矿。表3银锑黝铜矿电子探针分析     

紫金矿铜蓝-蓝辉铜矿的矿物成分研究

<正>紫金山金铜矿属少见的高硫型浅层低温热液矿床,其铜矿的主要矿石矿物由铜蓝-蓝辉铜矿-硫砷铜矿组成。根据其形成深度和矿石结构构造类型,前人认为它们的成因属于中低温热液成矿(陈景河,1992;薛纪越等,2000)。Cu-S二元     

西藏铁格隆南斑岩-高硫型浅成低温热液矿床主要矿石矿物特征

铁格隆南矿床位于班公湖—怒江成矿带西段多龙矿集区,是青藏高原发现的首例具有典型高硫型浅成低温热液矿化特征的超大型Cu(Au、Ag)矿床。本文通过大量的钻孔岩矿心地质编录,结合矿相学及电子探针分析,查明铁格隆南矿床的矿石矿物以原生硫化物为主,主要是斑铜矿、黄铜矿等Cu-Fe-S体系矿物、硫砷铜矿、砷黝铜矿等Cu-As-S体系矿物和以铜蓝和蓝辉铜矿为代表的Cu-S二元体系矿物,以及少量辉钼矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿,微量硫锡砷铜矿等。从矿石矿物组合特征可看出,铁格隆南矿床是高硫型矿化叠加于斑岩型矿化之上复合成矿的典型实例,矿床深部具有进一步扩大斑岩铜矿规模的巨大潜力,是下一步获取更多资源量的重点勘查方向。     

胆矾的稳定条件及保护方法研究

胆矾为一种含水硫酸盐矿物，晶体美丽，色泽鲜艳，但易风化，本文从分析影响胆矾稳定的环境、湿度等条件入手，通过实验确定常温下胆矾风化主要是受湿度影响，胆矾稳定定的相对湿度上限为65%．下限为45%。对胆矾矿物的保护，可选用液态湿度缓冲剂，采用湿源密封环境．控制胆矾矿物保存环境湿度。     

胆矾的稳定条件及保护方法研究

胆矾为一种含水硫酸盐矿物，晶体美丽，色泽鲜艳，但易风化，本文从分析影响胆矾稳定的环境、湿度等条件入手，通过实验确定常温下胆矾风化主要是受湿度影响，胆矾稳定定的相对湿度上限为65%．下限为45%。对胆矾矿物的保护，可选用液态湿度缓冲剂，采用湿源密封环境．控制胆矾矿物保存环境湿度。     

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床中铋矿物及其与铜矿化关系

西藏墨竹工卡县甲玛铜多金属矿床中,矽卡岩型铜矿石的铋质量分数最高可达0.23%,且分布较广泛,可作为伴生有用组分综合回收利用.根据化学分析,铋含量的高低与矿石类型有关.铋与矽卡岩型铜矿石的关系最为密切,铜矿化越强,铋含量越高.在垂向上,中浅部矽卡岩型矿体中的铋含量高于深部的矽卡岩,与矿化分带中的Cu元素矿化带较一致.通过电子探针分析,甲玛矿床中含铋矿物主要有硫铋铜矿、辉碲铋矿、针硫铋铅矿、针辉铋铜矿、辉铋锑矿及含铋黝铜矿和斑铜矿等.硫铋铜矿是甲玛矿床中分布最广、最主要的铋矿物,其主要呈它形粒状、叶片状或乳滴状分布于斑铜矿、辉铜矿、黝铜矿等硫化物中.根据矿物的产出形态及电子探针分析,甲玛矿床中存在不同成矿世代的硫铋铜矿:分布于斑铜矿中呈它形粒状、叶片状的硫铋铜矿和在斑铜矿中呈乳滴状的硫铋铜矿.前者是硫铋铜矿的主要产出形态,其成分接近硫铋铜矿的理论值;但后者往往成分发生变化,Bi偏低,Cu、S偏高.甲玛矿石中铋不仅应该被综合利用,且是铜矿化的重要找矿标志.     

广东梅县玉水铜多金属矿田矿床矿物学特征

着重研究梅县玉水铜多金属矿体中矿石的产出特征,黄铜矿、斑铜矿、辉铜矿、锌黔铜矿、锌砷黔铜矿、硫铜银矿、新发现的矿物硫铜铜矿等矿石矿物的矿物学特征和银的赋存状态。     

Mathematical approach to calculate indices for depositional environments of pelagic-hemipelagic-terrigenous sediments on the basis of metallic element concentrations

Modern marine sediments can be classified into terrigenous, hemipelagic, and pelagic types according to the distances from the land for the sites recovered and in terms of lithological characteristics of sediments. Ancient cherts are the best sedimentary rocks to reconstruct ancient depositional environments and hemipelagic and pelagic cherts can be identified in terms of lithologic and stratigraphic characteristics. However, geochemical characteristics of modern sediments and ancient cherts can discriminate them into these three types. Particularly, the degree of correlation between Fe and Mg in clay minerals is the most effective criterion for the classification, because the concentration of pelagic clay minerals in which the Fe/Mg ratio is constant may become indices for the classification into the three types. The correlation coefficient and goodness-of-fit to a certain regression line were used as indices of the classification and calculated for several sets of modern sediments and ancient cherts totalling to more than 400 samples. The correlation coefficients and the student-t values for the coefficients become better classification indices than the goodness-of-fit andF-values of the analysis of variance. Goodness-of-fit andF-values can be only used as subsidiary indices for the main classification indices of the correlation coefficients. The classification on the basis of the degree of correlation between Fe and Mg is effective and this approach can be used for other major chemical elements such as Al, K, and Na, if some sequential values of chemical analyses are available.     

Glauconitic peloids and chamositic ooids - favorable factors,constraints, and problems

Glauconitic minerals constitute a family ranging from green smectite to a 10Ådioctahedral mica (glauconite). Chamositic minerals include a 7Åtrioctahedral serpentine (berthierine) and a 14Åtrioctahedral chlorite (chamosite). These green iron-rich, neoformed or transformed clay minerals are most commonly concentrated in sand-size granules.Recent berthierine and Recent and ancient glauconitic minerals occur mainly in structureless peloids, most of which are believed to have been fecal pellets. In contrast, most of the ancient chamositic minerals are in multi-coated ooids generally assumed to have been made by gentle rolling on the sea floor.Glauconitic and chamositic granules accumulated most commonly in marine shelf environments during episodes of reduced influx of sediment. In modern deposits chamositic peloids predominate on the inner shelf, whereas glauconitic peloids are most abundant on the middle and outer shelf. In general, ancient glauconitic and chamositic deposits had a rather similar environmental distribution; in detail, however, they reflect more varied and overlapping marine habitats.Glauconitic greensands and chamositic ironstones commonly occur above a coarsening- or shoaling-upward facies sequence. Many of them are cross-bedded and burrowed, and some are interbedded with a ferruginized or phosphatized hardground. Although differing in detail, their temporal distributions throughout Phanerozoic time were rather similar. Both attained a maximum when cratonic blocks were widely dispersed and sea level was high in Early Paleozoic and Late Mesozoic time. In addition, recurring development of chamositic ooids commonly coincided with repeated regional transgressions.This review of current information and differing interpretations leads to significant questions that are essential subjects for future research. Moreover, some of these relate to unsolved problems of phosphorite genesis.     

从粘土矿物特征初步探讨苏北辐射状沙洲的沉积特征

以粘土矿物的组合特征分析，来研究大洋或近岸沉积物的文章已不〔Biscaye,1965, Griffin, 1968, Aoki 19i}-1918)。而应用粘土矿物组合特征分析研究动力沉积特征的文章尚少见。苏北近岸海域有长江及旧黄河等河流流入，泥沙来源丰富，途径多，水动力作用活跃，海底泥沙运移变化大，海岸冲淤变化快，形成比较复杂的海底地形。有名的苏北辐射状沙洲就在这里，而查清该区泥沙的来源及运移规律是研究沙洲成因及演变的中心课题。为此，我们做了粒度、重矿物、抱粉、微体古生物、化学、悬浮体等方面的工作，其中应用粘土矿物组合特征分析便是有意义的尝试之一。     

内蒙古银额盆地及邻区石炭纪小独山期-二叠纪紫松期物源

应用重矿物资料、砂岩组分分析、沉积法、古水流测量等方法对银额盆地及其邻区石炭纪小独山期-二叠纪紫松期进行物源分析,重矿物组合和砂岩组分分析认为,研究区至少有敦煌-阿拉善-狼山古陆和马鬃山-拐子湖中间隆起带2个物源;沉积法和古水流测量结果显示,研究区北部（蒙古国境内）还存在一个物源,综合分析认为,研究区石炭纪小独山期-二叠纪紫松期存在3个物源,分别为敦煌-阿拉善-狼山古陆、马鬃山-拐子湖中间隆起带和研究区北部物源（蒙古国境内）。     

腾格里沙漠地区砂质管状物的发现及其地质意义

砂质管状物,浅褐色,管状,致密,硬脆,中空,内孔贯通。长度3.4～18.1cm,外径1.55～3.5cm,内径0.6～1.9 cm,壁厚1～11mm。随着长度由长到短,外径、内径及壁厚均逐渐变小。管内孔壁上时有白色微晶方解石薄膜,或有管孔被白色微晶方解石半堵塞。有的管子上有与主孔相通的小孔,小孔与管壁垂直、呈30°交角或近于相切。按砂粒粒度,管子分为粗砂型和细砂型两种,其中粗砂型管子暗色砂粒含量略多。砂粒成分主要为硅质,胶结物主要为微晶方解石,孔隙式胶结。说明在地表砂层之下存在弱承压碳酸盐型咸水,这种水的上涌、渗透作用及沙漠特有干旱、风力等条件,是其主要成因。显示古腾格里湖在干涸过程中,湖水经历了"碳酸盐型→硫酸盐型→氯化物型"的浓缩过程。如果在古代砂岩中发现相同或类似的管状物,可进一步推断,该砂岩形成环境为古沙漠、有在同一套地层中存在蒸发盐矿产的可能。     

粘土矿物研究在塔里木盆地石油勘探中的应用

以塔里木盆地粘土矿物的分布特征及其组合形式、演化与形成机理为依据,探讨了粘土矿物在地层划分对比中的应用及其与有机质热演化、成岩阶段的关系和对储层物性的影响。研究表明,在侏罗系和白垩系两个不同古环境中形成的粘土矿物及其组合特征,为地层对比提供了一定的证据。泥岩中伊利石／蒙皂石间层中蒙皂石含量的纵向变化与有机质热演化及成岩阶段的关系不大。对储层物性影响不大但有利于储集性能的是以高岭石为主的粘土矿物组合类型及粘土矿物的早期自生（伊利石／蒙皂石间层矿物）衬垫式以及非自生（伊利石）衬垫式产状。     

Ore source of arsenic copper tools from Israel during Chalcolithic and Early Bronze ages*

An ancient copper mine from southern Sinai, within the crystalline rocks of the Arabo–Nubian Massif, contains the arsenic-rich copper minerals koutekite (Cu₅AS₂) and domeykite (Cu₃As), associated with native copper. In this site, ancient quarrying activity is found next to Chalcolithic and Early-Bronze Age settlements. Arsenic-rich copper tools of these ages were found in Israel. The ore-source of these tools is still unknown and some believe that it was imported from Armenia. This arsenic copper occurrence, first reported here, may point to the ore-source of the arsenic-rich copper artifacts manufactured in the local copper industry.     

40Ar39Ar studies of Precambrian cherts; an unsuccessful attempt to measure the time evolution of the atmospheric 40Ar/36Ar ratio

KAr isochron techniques can provide, in principle, an experimental reconstruction of the time evolution of the atmospheric ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar ratio if minerals can be found which contain samples of argon from the ancient atmosphere and which have had a simple geologic history. Authigenic sedimentary minerals with low potassium content appear to be the best candidates. An experimental reconstruction of the evolution of the atmospheric ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar ratio will serve as a test of various models for the chemical and thermal evolution of the Earth.⁴⁰Ar³⁹Ar studies of five chert samples from the Swaziland sequence and the Bulawayan and Gunflint Formations indicate that lower Precambrian cherts do not contain appreciable samples of the ancient atmospheric argon and have experienced complicated geologic histories. The chert sample from the Kromberg Formation contains excess ⁴⁰Ar. The other four samples yield age spectra which are complicated but which are interpretable in terms of geologically reasonable ages.The lack of evidence for argon loss in the chert data suggests that some cherts may prove to be datable sedimentary minerals.     

Reviews on Ancient Halophilic Microbes in Halite Fluid in Clusions

Fluid inclusions trapped in ancient evaporites can contain a community of halophilic prokaryotes and eukaryotes that inhabited the surface brines from which the minerals formed. Entombed in the fluid inclusions in evaporites, some of these halophilic microbes remain viable for at least tens of thousands of years and possibly for hundreds of millions of years, even under high salinity, low oxygen, high radiation, low nutrient concentration. This review presents the scientific history of discovery, isolation, and culture of ancient halophilic microbes in halite fluid inclusions. We elucidated the controversy associated with the ancient halophilic microbes between geologists and geomicrobiologists. Major concerns and future perspectives on halophiles research were proposed. We emphasized that lithofacies analysis and depositional environment determination on evaporites are prerequisites before any microbiological survey, and rigorous biological protocol must be obeyed at all retrieval procedures for ancient microorganisms. We suggested that future study related to ancient halophilic microbes should focus on other evaporites such as gypsum, glauberite, and trona, characterize and identify older halophiles; clarify metabolic mechanism for longevity of ancient microorganisms.     

重矿物在沉积物源分析中的应用 ——以内蒙古西部额济纳旗及邻区石炭系—二叠系为例

分析旧司阶—吴家坪阶额济纳旗及其邻区主要地层中的碎屑岩重矿物组合特征,结合区域地质特征、碎屑岩岩石学特征、碎屑锆石测年资料、古水流方向、沉积体系特征等,阐述了石炭系—二叠系沉积物的物源体系。重矿物组合特征显示,研究区北部黑鹰山-额济纳旗坳陷和南部的柳园-芒汗超克坳陷的碎屑岩重矿物组合类型和含量都有差异,指示它们来自不同的物源区;碎屑锆石测年资料显示,绿园-拐子湖凹陷的埋汗哈达剖面埋汗哈达组碎屑锆石的年龄可分为2类：436Ma±13Ma和1467Ma±110Ma,古水流方向也显示有北部物源区存在,说明沉积物源受敦煌－阿拉善－狼山古陆和马鬃山-拐子湖隆起带的双重作用;北部坳陷沉积物源来自马鬃山-拐子湖隆起带。