山东兴农网系统工程建设与发展

提出了山东兴农网系统工程建设研究思路，包括指导思想、网站内容、建设创新点、运行环境、总体目标等及建设和发展的体会。     

山东兴农网信息管理系统的实现

介绍了山东兴农网站点数据维护平台的基本功能及操作流程，重点阐述了数据平台的分级权限管理、信息数据传输、收集、编辑、信息审核和信息统计等功能和实现，较完整地说明了山东兴农网网站的信息数据维护模式。     

农村气象服务网的开发和巩固

农村气象服务网的开发和巩固梁文良，滕风晓农村气象服务网（以下简称农网），主要是以气象警报系统为载体的广播服务网络。气象部门通过该网络发布气象情报，传播农业知识和气象科技及与农业生产有关的信息，为当地农业生产防灾、减灾、抗灾夺丰收服务。农网具有辐射面宽...     

WAP技术在吉林市农网中的应用

WAP是一种无线应用协议，WAP定义可通用的平台，把目前Internet网上HTML语言的信息转换成用WML描述信息，显示在移动电话或者其他手持设备的显示屏上。本文在介绍WAP原理的基础上，结合吉林市农网介绍如何利用WML语言实现移动电话或者其他手持设备访问农网。     

河南兴农网Internet实现技术

介绍兴农网的信息流程、互联网的系统结构，分析构建Internet的软件系统和网络通信技术及安全技术。     

兴农网新闻管理系统的设计与应用

介绍兴农网新闻管理系统的设计及其在农网工作中的应用.     

兴农网新闻管理系统的设计与应用

介绍兴农网新闻管理系统的设计及其在农网工作中的应用。     

山东兴农网电子邮件服务系统

介绍了山东兴农网电子邮件服务系统，简述其组成、功能及开发使用情况。     

系统压力测试和性能分析在气象网站中的应用

介绍B/S系统的压力和性能测试的方法,分析其架构的稳定性、可靠性。通过对浙江三农网(由浙江农网开发,平台部署在信息网络中心)、浙江气象网、浙江农网3个平台进行测试对比,阐述各平台技术架构的优劣。     

陕西农网与农村综合信息服务

陕西农网作为气象部门为新农村建设提供综合信息服务的窗口，在构建和谐社会和社会主义新农村建设中将大有作为，更好的为陕西农业发展做好综合信息服务、科技服务和流通服务，更好地为科技兴农提供信息资源保障，促进陕西农业的发展。[第一段]     

农村综合经济信息网网络结构设计

文中从当前信息技术的发展情况和农村综合经济信息网网络的发展方向方面考虑，提出了几种农村综合经济信息网网络结构的设计。主要讨论了WAP无线上网的结构及其可行性。     

Agricultural and forestry trade drives large share of tropical deforestation emissions

Deforestation, the second largest source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, is largely driven by expanding forestry and agriculture. However, despite agricultural expansion being increasingly driven by foreign demand, the links between deforestation and foreign demand for agricultural commodities have only been partially mapped. Here we present a pan-tropical quantification of carbon emissions from deforestation associated with the expansion of agriculture and forest plantations, and trace embodied emissions through global supply chains to consumers. We find that in the period 2010–2014, expansion of agriculture and tree plantations into forests across the tropics was associated with net emissions of approximately 2.6 gigatonnes carbon dioxide per year. Cattle and oilseed products account for over half of these emissions. Europe and China are major importers, and for many developed countries, deforestation emissions embodied in imports rival or exceed emissions from domestic agriculture. Depending on the trade model used, 29–39% of deforestation-related emissions were driven by international trade. This is substantially higher than the share of fossil carbon emissions embodied in trade, indicating that efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from land-use change need to consider the role of international demand in driving deforestation. Additionally, we find that deforestation emissions are similar to, or larger than, other emissions in the carbon footprint of key forest-risk commodities. Similarly, deforestation emissions constitute a substantial share (˜15%) of the total carbon footprint of food consumption in EU countries. This highlights the need for consumption-based accounts to include emissions from deforestation, and for the implementation of policy measures that cross these international supply-chains if deforestation emissions are to be effectively reduced.     

Management Strategies to Sequester Carbon in Agricultural Soils and to Mitigate Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils is frequently promoted as a practical solution for slowing down the rate of increase of CO₂ in the atmosphere. Consequently, there is a need to improve our understanding of how land management practices may affect the net removal of greenhouse gases (GHG) from the atmosphere. In this paper we examine the role of agriculture in influencing the GHG budget and briefly discuss the potential for carbon mitigation by agriculture. We also examine the opportunities that exist for increasing soil C sequestration using management practices such as reduced tillage, reduced frequency of summer fallowing, introduction of forage crops into crop rotations, conversion of cropland to grassland and nutrient addition via fertilization. In order to provide information on the impact of such management practices on the net GHG budget we ran simulations using CENTURY (a C model) and DNDC (a N model) for five locations across Canada, for a 30-yr time period. These simulations provide information on the potential trade-off between C sequestration and increased N₂O emissions. Our model output suggests that conversion of cropland to grassland will result in the largest reduction in net GHG emissions, while nutrient additions via fertilizers will result in a small increase in GHG emissions. Simulations with the CENTURY model also indicated that favorable growing conditions during the last 15 yr could account for an increase of 6% in the soil C at a site in Lethbridge, Alberta. Presented at the International Workshop on Reducing Vulnerability of Agriculture and Forestry to Climate Variability and Climate Change, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 7–9 October 2002.     

内外网中转程序介绍

为了防止计算机病毒的干扰,保证基础气象业务的正常运行,阳泉市气象局的局域网分为内网和外网,内网上的计算机用于基础气象业务,外网上的计算机都可以上互连网。为了方便内外网的信息交换,在内外网之间安装一台计算机,运行内外网中转程序,使内外网的文件基本达到同步更新。这样既保证了内网上的计算机运行稳定,又满足了外网上的计算机对内网上气象信息的需求。     

净全辐射表两种校准方法比较

该文介绍了净全辐射表的两种校准方法。使用长短波辐射表组成的净全辐射标准器组, 在不同环境条件下对现用标准净全辐射表和6台气象台站用工作级净全辐射表的灵敏度进行了测试, 通过试验了解检定环境条件下新的标准器组与现用标准器之间的关系, 分析了通过不同标准器组得到的工作级净全辐射表的测量结果, 得到了新的标准器组使用后检定结果的随机误差。通过数据对比分析, 得出使用新的标准组检定的净全辐射表, 其不确定度白天降低9.2%, 夜间降低5.2 %。     

Net radiation frequency distribution in a corn crop

Net radiation measurements were made with a traversing system in a 250 cm tall (LAI = 4.0) corn crop with east-west oriented rows. Frequency distributions of flux density of net radiation were plotted using 0.075 cal cm^-2 min^-1 class intervals. These distributions showed a shift from predominantly sunlit to predominantly shaded conditions with depth into the plant canopy. The frequency distributions showed that net radiation in sunflecks in a canopy can exceed that above the canopy, and that negative values of net radiation can exist in shadows. A Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Model (SPAM) also predicted that net radiation in sunflecks in the canopy would exceed net radiation above the canopy. The effects of spots with high radiation load within the plant canopy on leaf temperature and convective heat exchange were investigated theoretically.Contributed by the Northeast Branch, Soil and Water Conservation Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, in cooperation with the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, New York. Supported in part by the Atmospheric Sciences Laboratory, U.S. Army Electronics Command, Fort Huachuca, Arizona. Deparment of Agronomy Series, Paper No. 907.     

MICAPS3数据服务器应用和维护

通过本站出现的异常值实例进行分析,对经质量控制后系统自动生成的疑误信息进行人工判断,并结合有关技术规定和问题解答给予适当处理,以确保净全辐射观测数据的真实、可靠。     

新型城镇化背景下基层气象部门为农服务对策研究

就当前新型城镇化进程中,基层气象部门如何做好为农服务进行分析和讨论,并着重从加强气象为农服务的组织体系建设,提升气象为农服务的特色、能力和水平,进一步增强农村气象灾害的防御能力,促进气象为农服务的保障机制建设等方面进行论述,提出了相应的对策及建议.将气象为农服务“两个体系”建设和“均等化”、“一体化”的公共气象服务与新型城镇化有机结合、共同推进,是基层气象部门当前及今后为农服务的重要任务.     

Sink Potential of Canadian Agricultural Soils

Net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from Canadian crop and livestock production were estimated for 1990, 1996 and 2001 and projected to 2008. Net emissions were also estimated for three scenarios (low (L), medium (M) and high (H)) of adoption of sink enhancing practices above the projected 2008 level. Carbon sequestration estimates were based on four sink-enhancing activities: conversion from conventional to zero tillage (ZT), reduced frequency of summerfallow (SF), the conversion of cropland to permanent cover crops (PC), and improved grazing land management (GM). GHG emissions were estimated with the Canadian Economic and Emissions Model for Agriculture (CEEMA). CEEMA estimates levels of production activities within the Canadian agriculture sector and calculates the emissions and removals associated with those levels of activities. The estimates indicate a decline in net emissions from 54 Tg CO₂–Eq yr^–1 in1990 to 52 Tg CO₂–Eq yr^–1 in 2008. Adoption of thesink-enhancing practices above the level projected for 2008 resulted in further declines in emissions to 48 Tg CO₂–Eq yr^–1 (L), 42 TgCO₂–Eq yr^–1 (M) or 36 Tg CO₂–Eq yr^–1 (H). Among thesink-enhancing practices, the conversion from conventional tillage to ZT provided the largest C sequestration potential and net reduction in GHG emissions among the scenarios. Although rates of C sequestration were generally higher for conversion of cropland to PC and adoption of improved GM, those scenarios involved smaller areas of land and therefore less C sequestration. Also, increased areas of PC were associated with an increase in livestock numbers and CH₄ and N₂O emissions from enteric fermentation andmanure, which partially offset the carbon sink. The CEEMA estimates indicate that soil C sinks are a viable option for achieving the UNFCCC objective of protecting and enhancing GHG sinks and reservoirs as a means of reducing GHG emissions (UNFCCC, 1992).     

利用MODIS资料估算西北雨养农业区地表净辐射

应用定西地区的气象资料和4次EOS-MODIS卫星资料,对典型的西北半干旱雨养农业区的基本地表特征参数进行反演,并在此基础上对地表净辐射量进行估算,进而分析了它的季节变化。结果表面,应用卫星数据估算的净辐射结果与实际观测值基本接近,相对误差在16%以内,基本反映了当地的实际情况;雨养农业区净辐射的季节变化表现为冬季最小,其次是秋季,夏春两季最大,并且四季相差比较大;净辐射四季变化也呈现出不均匀的分布特性,频率分布范围较宽。