基于钻探的马袅-铺前断裂西段活动性探讨

采用地球物理勘探和钻孔联合剖面探测相结合的方法,在海口市疏港公路沿线展开探测,通过分析断层的上断点、断错地层序列和盖层年龄,获得了马袅-铺前断裂西段的活动特征。钻探结果显示:马袅-铺前断裂西段为北倾正断层,最新活动时代推测为中更新世。该断裂段累计垂直位移量约为5 m,根据地层年代结果,初步估算出该段的垂直位移速率约为0.006±0.002 mm/a,说明断裂中更新世以来活动相对较弱。研究结果对正确评价海口市地震危险性,服务于经济建设和防震减灾规划具有重要现实意义。     

天津海河隐伏断裂的晚第四纪活动特征研究

在海河隐伏断裂精确定位的基础上 ,文中利用天津地区晚第四纪地层中的 4个海相地层作为标志层 ,通过地质钻孔勘探、微体古生物鉴定、地层对比及年代学测定和研究 ,获得了海河断裂的晚第四纪活动特征。研究表明 ,海河断裂在天津市区段的上断点埋深为 2 1m ,对应的最新活动时代为晚更新世晚期至全新世早、中期 ,塘沽区段的上断点埋深为 16 4m ,最新活动时代已进入了全新世早、中期 ;天津市区段在晚更新世晚期 (36 2 90aBP)以来 ,垂直运动速度为 0 2 4 8mm/a ,塘沽区段全新世(72 0 0aBP)以来的平均垂直运动速率为 0 333mm/a。这表明海河断裂塘沽区段 (东段 )的活动性明显高于市区段 (西段     

汉中盆地内梁山南缘断裂的活动性分析——以汉江大堤位置为例

为获取梁山南缘断裂在汉江大堤上断点的具体位置、近地表断错、上断点埋深、最新活动时代及滑动速率等信息,对其进行了浅层地震勘探和钻孔联合剖面探测。浅层地震解译结果显示断点两侧第四纪以来的12组反射波全被垂向错断,最大错距约370m,影响带宽度约400m,影响带内地层起伏强烈。钻探结果反映主断层晚更新世中期的最大错距约28m,晚期错距约11m,平均滑动速率为0.38～0.49mm/a,上断点埋深为5～13m,属于晚更新世晚期活动断层。     

渭河盆地东南缘渭南塬前北侧分支断层的浅部结构及晚第四纪活动

渭南塬前断裂是渭河盆地东南缘一条重要的近EW向的全新世活动断裂,与1556年华县8级特大地震的发生密切相关。该断裂的北分支——渭南塬前北侧分支断层通过渭南市区,查明该北侧分支断层的展布、浅部结构、晚第四纪活动性以及发震能力,对于当地的防震减灾工作具有重要意义。文中通过浅层地震和钻孔联合剖面探测,结合地面地质调查,对渭南塬前北侧分支断层的展布、结构特征以及晚第四纪活动性开展研究。4条测线的浅层地震勘探揭示渭南塬前北侧分支断层与渭南塬前断裂平行展布,两者呈阶梯状正断层结构关系。渭南塬前北侧分支断层错断多套第四纪地层,显示出生长型正断层特征;可识别的上断点埋深为95m以浅,晚更新统的垂直错距为16～20m;在剖面上表现为宽200～1 800m的次级断陷带,具有阶梯状正断层和小型地堑结构。钻孔联合地质剖面揭示渭南塬前北侧分支断层距今19ka以来仍有活动,晚更新世中期以来的平均垂直运动速率为0.07～0.26mm/a。结合地表的断层陡坎和断错地貌现象判定,渭南塬前北侧分支断层与渭南塬前主断层同样具有较强的晚更新世—全新世活动性,不能排除渭南塬前北侧分支断层曾经参与1556年华县8级大地震破裂的可...     

广东信宜-廉江断裂带东支西南段断裂活动性研究

通过浅层地震勘探和钻孔联合剖面探测,揭示了信宜-廉江断裂带东支西南段隐伏断裂的存在。2条浅层地震勘探剖面资料显示,信宜-廉江断裂带东支西南段隐伏断裂的上断点埋深和垂直断距分别为60m和4~7m(L5-1和L5-2测段,横山镇剖面)、85m和5~8m(L5-3测段)、73m和3~5m(L6测线,田头仔村剖面),均断错了第四系底部。2条钻孔联合剖面揭示了上断点埋深和垂直断距分别为66m和7.5m(横山镇剖面)、75m和5m(田头仔村剖面),其中横山镇钻孔剖面显示断裂带宽约27m。采用电子自旋共振方法对钻孔联合剖面中的第四系年代进行测定,显示信宜-廉江断裂带东支西南段隐伏断裂最新活动时代为早更新世晚期(田头仔村剖面)到中更新世早期(横山镇剖面)。由横山镇钻孔联合剖面和田头仔村钻孔联合剖面获得的滑动速率分别为0.1 mm/a和0.013mm/a。基岩出露区沙井断层剖面的断面上发育有2期断层泥,由电子自旋共振方法测得晚期的断层泥年龄为(348±49)ka,沿断面还发育有近水平擦痕,反映断裂的最新活动方式以右旋走滑运动为主。     

延怀盆地隐伏断裂第四纪活动性研究

依据盆地第四系沉积特点,结合高密度、CSAMT(可控源音频大地电磁)、浅层地震及钻孔磁化率探测结果,剖析隐伏断裂在盆地的几何形态特征及活动性。结果表明:延矾盆地北缘断裂南段(隐伏端)沿窑湾村-桑园南堡村展布,由2条SE倾的阶梯状正断层组成,切割第四系上更新统泥河湾组地层,上断点埋深40m,断距约35m;断裂在早-中更新世有过活动,晚更新世断裂活动性较强,全新世以后断裂活动性具逐渐减弱趋势;施庄断裂北隐伏段经施庄向SE145°方向展布,切割第四系泥河湾组地层,上断点埋深70m,断裂早-中更新世有过活动,晚更新世断裂活动性较强。综合分析认为,延怀盆地隐伏断裂在晚更新世时期活动性强,而全新世以来,各断裂活动性减弱。     

北京平原大兴凸起东缘断裂全新世活动的新认识

大兴凸起东缘断裂位于北京平原的东南部,是控制大兴凸起与廊固凹陷的边界断裂,向N与控制大厂凹陷的曾发生1679年8级地震的NNE向夏垫断裂斜接,总体走向NE,倾向SE.以往的研究认为该断裂断错的最新地层为第四系中更新统,其不属于晚第四纪以来的活动断裂.文中在高精度浅层地震勘探的基础上开展了高密度钻孔联合地质剖面探测,获得了该断裂晚第四纪以来具有明显活动的证据.该断裂在钻孔联合地质剖面中显示出正断活动特征,一套厚约7m的粉砂质黏土标志层在其断层下盘的顶界面埋深约为74m,而在其上盘的顶界面埋深约为102m,位错量约为28m,且可在其中的2个钻孔中分别深54.2m和39.4m的岩芯内发现断层滑动面.水平距离为2m的2个钻孔的标志层顶面埋深分别为8m和10m,位错量为2m,结合2个钻孔岩芯的变形特征分析认为断层的上断点埋深可能更浅.根据邻近已有钻孔的年代学资料推断,该断裂属于全新世活动断裂.文中研究改变了大兴凸起东缘断裂带并非为活动断裂的认识,此新发现不仅对大兴凸起东缘断裂带的强震危险性和北京市地震灾害风险的认识具有重要的应用价值,也对华北地区晚新生代以来断裂发展演化及其深浅耦合特征研究具有科学意义.     

宁夏卫宁北山南缘断层探测与活动性初步鉴定

宁夏卫宁北山位于青藏高原、阿拉善和鄂尔多斯3大活动地块的交汇地带,查清该地区的活断层对厘清活动地块边界和规划中卫工业园区布局均具有重要意义。采用浅层地震勘探、钻孔联合剖面探测及槽探等手段,针对卫宁北山南缘推测断层开展综合探测,以便查清该断层展布情况和地层断错特征,并结合区域地层时代对比,初步鉴定已探明断层的活动性。结果表明：前人推测的地貌陡坎之下的卫宁北山南缘正断层并不存在,而在卫宁北山南缘地貌陡坎偏北基岩内发育一条逆冲断层,浅层地震勘探剖面揭示该断层上断点埋深35～40 m,钻孔联合剖面探测和槽探发现断层错断了石炭系和新近系,但未错断上覆的上更新统,表明该断层不是活动断层;另外,浅层地震剖面揭示在中卫盆地内部还发育一条北西西向的隐伏正断层,上断点埋深约60 m,但也未错动晚更新世以来地层,因而推测该断层不存在晚第四纪活动性。     

浅层人工地震和地质雷达在城市活动断层探测中的联合应用?以鹤壁市汤东断裂为例

浅层人工地震勘探是探查城市隐伏活动断层最有效的手段之一,然而受近地表探测盲区和探测分辨率的限制,该方法难以获取活动断层超浅层上断点的准确埋深位置。地质雷达探测方法在一定程度上可弥补浅层人工地震勘探的不足。为探索浅层人工地震勘探和地质雷达探测的联合应用效果,分析其在城市隐伏活动断层探测中的应用潜力,选取河南省鹤壁市汤东断裂西支为研究对象,并在冯屯村和前交卸村分别开展联合探测,获取高信噪比的浅层人工地震反射剖面和地质雷达剖面。浅层人工地震勘探揭示的冯屯村处汤东断裂西支上断点埋深为60～70 m,地质雷达探测揭示的上断点埋深约为2.5 m,结合平均沉积速率推测汤东断裂西支在冯屯村的最新活动时代约为25 ka。浅层人工地震勘探揭示的前交卸村处汤东断裂西支上断点埋深为50～60 m,地质雷达探测揭示出汤东断裂西支在前交卸村处未造成近地表约10 m以内的地层断错。研究结果表明,在城市隐伏活动断层探测中,采用浅层人工地震勘探和地质雷达探测相结合的方法,不但可有效确定活动断层的位置,且可进一步约束活动断层上断点的准确埋深,有利于指导后期地震地质勘探中的探槽和钻孔布设。     

西秦岭北缘断裂漳县盆地段浅层人工地震及钻孔联合探测

在地质调查与盆地区浅层人工地震初步勘探基础上,在西秦岭北缘断裂带漳县盆地隐伏段的盆地内布设了3条浅层人工地震详勘测线,用于精确定位该断层的空间展布,判定其浅地表活动特征。在此基础上,用钻孔联合剖面方法对人工地震探测结果进行验证,同时确定了各地震测线处断层上断点的位置和埋深,通过钻孔揭露断层错断地层的特点,认为西秦岭北缘断裂漳县盆地隐伏段错断全新统,指示该断层全新世以来活动性较强。     

基于钻探的芦花台隐伏断层晚第四纪活动特征

The Luhuatai fault is one of the important buried tectonics in the Yinchuan basin. Based on the results of shallow seismic exploration, we conducted composite drilling section exploration and dating of the samples from boreholes. Some useful data was obtained, such as the depth of the upper breaking point, the latest activity age, displacement in the late Quaternary, and slip rates, etc. This study shows that the activity is different between the north and south segment along the Luhuatai fault. The north segment is a Holocene fault, while the south segment is a late mid-Pleistocene fault. From north to south along the north segment of Luhuatai fault, the activity has been enhanced, and the faulting is stronger in late Pleistocene than Holocene.     

基于钻探的芦花台隐伏断层晚第四纪活动特征

芦花台断层是银川盆地内一条重要的隐伏构造。在浅层地震勘探成果的基础上,开展了钻孔联合剖面探测和钻孔样品测试,获得了断层上断点埋深、最新活动时代、晚第四纪累计位移和滑动速率等数据。结果表明:芦花台隐伏断层北段和南段的活动性不同,南段为中更新世末活动断层,北段为全新世活动断层;在北段内,断层活动强度在空间上表现为由北向南增强,在时间上表现为晚更新世活动强于全新世。     

Comprehensive Multi-Level Exploration of Buried Active Faults： an Example of the Yinchuan Buried Active Fault

The paper introduces the steps and methods of multi-approach,multi-level exploration of buried faults in thick Quaternary sediment regions by taking the test exploration of the Yinchuan active fault as example.Based on the comprehensive analyses of previous data,we choose the Xinqushao Village of Xingqing District of Yinchuan City as the test site for the comprehensive exploration.Firstly,we adopted shallow seismic investigation with group intervals of 10m,5m and 1m to gradually trace layer by layer the master fault of the Yinchuan buried fault from a deep depth to a shallow depth where drilling could be used.Then,with composite geological profile drilling,we determined the precise location and dip angle of the fault.The drilling show the buried depth of the upper offset point is 8.3m.Finally,large-scale trenching revealed that the actual buried depth of the upper offset point of the fault is 1.5m from the ground surface and there are paleoearthquake events of 5 stages.Combined with the preliminary result of corresponding sample age,we conclude the Yinchuan buried fault is a mid to late Holocene active fault.     

聊城-兰考隐伏断裂的第四纪活动性——中国东部平原区一条重要的隐伏活动断裂

在化探定位的基础上,通过浅层地震勘探、钻探地质剖面和新地层年代学等多手段探测研究,首次查明了聊考隐伏断裂晚第四纪以来的位错量和最新一期活动时代,厘定了断裂位错上断点达地表20m以下,最新一期活动在全新世早期,属浅埋的隐伏活动断裂。断裂第四纪以来的平均位错速率为0．12mm／a,在中国东部属中等倔强的一类隐伏活动断裂。     

FAULT ACTIVITY OF THE SOUTHWESTERN SEGMENT OF THE EASTERN BRANCH OF XINYI-LIANJIANG FAULT ZONE IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE

The NE-trending Xinyi-Lianjiang fault zone is a tectonic belt, located in the interior of the Yunkai uplift in the west of Guangdong Province, clamping the Lianjiang synclinorium and consisting of the eastern branch and the western branch. The southwestern segment of the eastern branch of Xinyi-Lianjiang fault zone, about 34km long, extends from the north of Guanqiao, through Lianjiang, to the north of Hengshan. However, it is still unclear about whether the segment extends to Jiuzhoujiang alluvial plain or not, which is in the southwest of Hengshan. If it does, what is about its fault activity? According to ‘Catalogue of the Modern Earthquakes of China’, two moderately strong earthquakes with magnitude 6.0 and 6.5 struck the Lianjiang region in 1605 AD. So it is necessary to acquire the knowledge about the activity of the segment fault, which is probably the corresponding seismogenic structure of the two destructive earthquakes. And the study on the fault activity of the segment can boost the research on seismotectonics of moderately strong earthquakes in Southeast China. In order to obtain the understanding of the existence of the buried fault of the southwestern segment, shallow seismic exploration profiles and composite borehole sections have been conducted. The results indicate its existence. Two shallow seismic exploration profiles show that buried depth of the upper breakpoints and vertical throw of the buried fault are 60m and 4~7m(L5-1 and L5-2 segment, the Hengshan section), 85m and 5~8m(L5-3 segment), 73m and 3~5m(Tiantouzai section), respectively and all of them suggest the buried fault has offset the base of the Quaternary strata. Two composite borehole sections reveal that the depth of the upper breakpoints and vertical throws of the buried segment are about 66m and 7.5m(Hengshan section) and 75m and 5m(Tiantouzai section), respectively. The drilling geological section in Hengshan reveals that the width of the fault could be up to 27m. Chronology data of Quaternary strata in the two drilling sections, obtained by means of electron spin resonance(ESR), suggest that the latest activity age of the buried fault of the southwestern segment is from late of early Pleistocene(Tiantouzai section) to early stage of middle Pleistocene(Hengshan section). Slip rates, obtained by Hengshan section and Tiantouzai section, are 0.1mm/a and 0.013mm/a, respectively. As shown by the fault profile located in a bedrock exposed region in Shajing, there are at least two stages of fault gouge and near-horizontal striation on the fault surface, indicating that the latest activity of the southwestern segment is characterized by strike-slip movement. Chronology data suggest that the age of the gouge formed in the later stage is(348±49) ka.     

RESEARCH ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF QUATERNARY ACTIVITIES OF SU-XI-CHANG FAULT

Running across the urban areas of Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou, the NW-trending Su-Xi-Chang Fault is an important buried fault in Yangtze River Delta. In the respect of structural geomorphology, hilly landform is developed along the southwest side of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault, and a series of lakes and relatively low-lying depressions are developed on its northeast side, which is an important landform and neotectonic boundary line. The fault controlled the Jurassic and Cretaceous stratigraphic sedimentary and Cenozoic volcanic activities, and also has obvious control effects on the modern geomorphology and Quaternary stratigraphic distribution. Su-Xi-Chang Fault is one of the target faults of the project "Urban active fault exploration and seismic risk assessment in Changzhou City" and "Urban active fault exploration and seismic risk assessment in Suzhou City". Hidden in the ground with thick cover layer, few researches have been done on this fault in the past. The study on the activity characteristics and the latest activity era of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault is of great significance for the prevention and reduction of earthquake disaster losses caused by the destructive earthquakes to the cities of Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou. Based on shallow seismic exploration and drilling joint profiling method, Quaternary activities and distribution characteristics of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault are analyzed systematically. Shallow seismic exploration results show that the south branch of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault in Suzhou area is dominated by normal faulting, dipping to the north-east, with a dip angle of about 60° and a displacement of 3~5m on the bedrock surface. The north branch of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault in Changzhou area is dominated by normal faulting, dipping to the south, with a dip angle of about 55°~70° and a displacement of 4~12m on the bedrock surface. All breakpoints of Su-Xi-Chang Fault on the seismic exploration profiles show that only the bedrock surface was dislocated, not the interior strata of the Quaternary. On the drilling joint profile in the Dongqiao site of Suzhou, the latest activity of the south branch of Su-Xi-Chang Fault is manifested as reverse faulting, with maximum displacement of 2.9m in the upper part of Lower Pleistocene, and the Middle Pleistocene has not been dislocated by the fault. The fault acts as normal fault in the Pre-Quaternary strata, with a displacement of 3.7m in the Neogene stratum. On the drilling joint profile in the Chaoyang Road site of Changzhou, the latest activity of the north branch of Su-Xi-Chang Fault is manifested as reverse faulting too, with maximum displacement of 2.8m in the bottom layer of the Middle Pleistocene. The fault acts as normal fault in the Pre-Quaternary strata, with a displacement of 10.2m in the bedrock surface. Combining the above results, we conclude that the latest activity era of Su-Xi-Chang Fault is early Middle Pleistocene. The Su-Xi-Chang Fault was dominated by the sinistral normal faulting in the pre-Quaternary period, and turned into sinistral reverse faulting after the early Pleistocene, with displacement of about 3m in the Quaternary strata. The maximum magnitude of potential earthquake on the Su-Xi-Chang Fault is estimated to be 6.0.     

滨北地区埕南断层晚更新世活动证据及其地震危险性意义

埕南断层是埕宁隆起与济阳凹陷的边界断层,也是滨北地区1条规模最大的重要断层,采用浅层地震勘探和钻孔联合剖面探测相结合的方法,确定了埕南断层准确位置,探明了断层的产状,揭露了上断点深度。钻探结果显示,埕南断层为正断特征,倾向南或南东,倾角70°～80°,断层上断点埋深44.3～46.4 m,断距1.0～1.3 m。通过年代学测试确定了错断地层的年代,获得埕南断层错断晚更新世地层的证据,埕南断层晚更新世活动证据的发现对滨北地区地震危险性再认识具有重要意义和价值。     

乌鲁木齐市鲤鱼山南侧碗窑沟断裂探测

2005年12月和2008年6月,新疆防御自然灾害研究所对乌鲁木齐市鲤鱼山南侧的新疆医科大学第一附属医院的科技楼场地、第二病房楼场地的碗窑沟断层进行探测,通过系列的地球物理探测和排钻孔地质验证,基本确认鲤鱼山南侧医科大学院内地下存在隐伏的碗窑沟断裂形迹。断层的垂直断距约20~25 m,北盘抬升,南盘下降,断层的上断点埋深约35 m。为晚更新世活动断层。     

薄覆盖层地区隐伏断层及其上断点探测的地震方法技术——以废黄河断层为例

通过在同一条测线上应用三种不同地震勘探手段(共偏移距地震反射法、横波反射法与高分辨率折射法)联合反演的方法,获得了测线控制地段内废黄河断层的确切位置、上断点埋深以及速度分布图像.探测结果表明:在薄覆盖层地区的断裂调查中,上述三种技术手段的联合反演要比单独使用其中任何一种手段更加可靠,并能从不同角度查明断层的位置、性质及其特征,为钻孔联合剖面位置的布设和钻孔深度的设计提供地震学依据.经高精度钻孔联合地质剖面证实,三种地震勘探方法反演得到的主要地层界面和构造特征都与钻孔联合地质剖面吻合较好.试验表明了上述三种地震勘探方法在基岩面埋深较浅地区联合反演的可行性以及地震勘探与钻孔联合地质剖面相结合的工作方法的有效性.