基于统一身份管理平台的组模型的研究

提出在数字化校园建设中实现统一权限管理需要解决的关键问题。参考顶层设计方法论,建立学校用户组数据原型,并提出新型组管理必须具备的特征,在此基础上,提出1种基于统一身份管理平台的组模型,较好地解决统一权限控制的角色管理问题,并详细地描述了该模型的设计和实现。     

公用微机硬盘安全管理的一种方法

给出一种适合各种DOS版本和各种机型的微机硬盘安全管理方法。不仅可以预防已知或未知的计算机病毒，而且可对上机人员的权限进行统一分级管理，以防止硬盘重要系统信息的损坏，从而提高公用微机系统的可靠性。     

基于数据库的钻井平台插桩就位预测系统设计与实现

为满足海上自升式钻井平台的合理选型,设计制作了钻井平台插桩就位预测系统。该系统实现了海底地质构造成分、周围管线电缆信息、就位处老桩靴印影响、对接生产平台结构布置等数据信息的统一管理,并结合钻井平台插桩就位的工作经验,将钻井平台选型及就位方案设计过程规范化、模型化。通过对数据库的不断完善和应用,完成钻井平台、生产平台、海底地质资料的存储、管理及应用。     

Argo数据的网络可视化集成平台开发及其应用

为了方便广大用户实时获取和使用A rgo资料,研制开发了“A rgo网络数据库可视化平台”。该平台以数据库管理的形式,使用W eb-G IS技术,并采取可视化方式向用户提供查询和获取全球海洋中的A rgo资料。文中就该平台的设计、组成与功能和应用等作一系统介绍,以帮助广大A rgo资料用户熟悉和了解该平台,推动A rgo资料的应用研究进程。     

基于GIS的海砂资源管理信息系统的开发与设计

以海砂资源管理信息系统为实例，论述了以Mapxtreme平台构建WebGIS应用的技术方法，阐述了系统的体系结构、功能目标及系统功能的实现方式。     

海洋监测设备动力环境实验室信息管理系统的构建

实验室信息管理系统(LIMS)为实验室提供了便捷、准确、及时、规范的技术服务,已经被越来越多的实验室认可与应用。针对海洋监测设备动力环境实验室的实验业务与信息管理,分别从业务流程、用户需求和功能需求进行了分析,并对系统功能进行了详细设计。系统由基础设施层、数据层、支撑功能层、业务系统、标准规范支撑体系与信息安全支撑体系六部分组成,分为对外和对内两个应用部分,根据不同用户的不同权限,对实验室信息、实验数据、设备数据以及新闻等信息分别有不同的权限。该系统能够满足实验人员、管理人员与一般用户的不同需求,实现了对海洋监测设备动力环境实验室信息、实验数据与实验资源的有效管理,提高了仪器设备预约效率,实现了测试仪器装置的最大程度共享,节省了人力、物力和财力,同时,便于仪器设备的维修与维护与用户快速获得实验室各类信息。     

极地综合管理与应用服务平台建设研究

为满足我国极地事务职能部门信息应用的更高要求,本文提出了基于应用集成框架、GIS、三维可视化等多种信息技术,建立极地综合管理与应用服务平台的建设思路。通过整合现有的极地信息系统和数据资源,开发极地考察活动管理、项目管理、能力建设、政策研究以及信息服务等功能,为极地考察业务提供统一管理和信息服务的综合性平台。     

基于GIS的港口储油罐溢油风险评价系统的建立

基于GIS原理对港口储油罐溢油风险进行分析,从数据入库、数据编辑和溢油评价3个方面建立了储油罐溢油评价系统;从储油罐腐蚀、自然力破坏、误操作和疲劳老化4个方面分析了储油罐溢油风险源,介绍了利用层次分析法建立油罐溢油风险评价的指标体系,运用专家打分方法对储油罐溢油进行定性评价;应用已有的油罐溢油风险概率计算公式进行储油罐溢油量风险评价。该系统的构建可以加强储油罐溢油风险分析与管理,为相关人员及时处理溢油事故提供帮助。     

辽宁省海洋渔业综合管理数据服务平台建设概述

本文介绍了辽宁省海洋与渔业信息化现状,分析了现有系统存在的不足,并在此基础上建设了辽宁省海洋渔业综合管理数据服务平台,对现有信息化系统进行了梳理,实现了全省教据资源的统一管理与共享;开发了若干面向业务应用的子系统,实现了对海洋渔业管理的全方位支持;建设了数据交换共享标准与服务接口,为日后的信息化建设提供了有力的技术支撑手段。     

基于ArcGIS Server的海岛管理信息系统设计与实现

针对海岛信息的特点,结合建立海岛管理信息系统的需求,利用ArcGIS Server技术,借助Visual Studio.NET开发平台,提出基于B/S和C/S的混合架构来构建海岛信息管理系统的思想,设计了系统的基本框架、功能和数据库,探讨了系统实现过程中的关键技术,并以辽宁省海岛为例研发了该系统,实现了海岛的集中统一管理和高效、灵活的数据查询统计以及信息共享,提高了海岛管理的信息化、高效化和科学化,并以可视化的方式为海岛开发利用与保护提供了一种新的决策支持方法。     

California Current Large Marine Ecosystem: Publicly available dataset of state and federal laws and regulations

Transitioning ocean governance into an ecosystem-based approach requires improved knowledge of ecosystems and existing management systems. While there has been increased effort to compile and synthesize ecological data, relatively little scholarship has been focused on improving and understanding ocean management systems. This paper presents a unique dataset that makes objective analyses of ocean management possible across multiple jurisdictions and sectors in the California Current. Following an explanation of the criteria used to compile relevant statutes and regulations, the paper suggests applications for the dataset including education and policy uses and ecosystem-based management tool development to identify and measure problems of fragmented management.     

A coastal management program for channels located in backbarrier systems

Management of the interactions between social/economic interests and the coastal environment requires practical, interdisciplinary assessment techniques. Backbarrier systems are critical natural resources that provide both economic and social benefits. Activities such as aquaculture, fishing, shipping and port activities, sediment mining, salt extraction, and tourism all take place in these ecosystems but are often not compatible with each other. Therefore, a program to manage such a system must congregate many different types of activities and stakeholders with potentially conflicting interests. In this paper, we develop a proposed coastal management program (CMP), based on the driving-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) framework and the integrated coastal management (ICM) cycle, for the management of channels located in backbarrier systems subject to dredging operations. The conceptual model involves the application of regional sediment management (RSM) actions and is applied to a case study, Faro Channel, located in the Ria Formosa backbarrier system in Algarve, Portugal. The CMP provides results on the interactivity between scientists, stakeholders, and decision-makers, by defining and clarifying the economic and environmental aspects of decision-making processes through the utilisation and measurement of local coastal indicators. The proposed CMP proved to be a useful tool in the definition of coastal management initiatives for channels inside backbarrier systems, since it identified management problems and allowed management solutions to be formulated. The CMP could be used within a broader ICM program but would also be effective when used on its own.     

Relevance of systems approaches for implementing Integrated Coastal Zone Management principles in Europe

Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) development is described here in the broader context of European coastal management initiatives. The European approach to coastal governance revolves around the principles of ICZM, as enshrined in EC Recommendation 2002/413/EC. This study investigates the extent to which the FP6 funded project SPICOSA (Science Policy Integration for Coastal Systems Assessment) was able to implement these principles. The SPICOSA project aimed to test whether it was possible to develop and implement a systems approach framework via delivery of a structured engagement process between scientists and policymakers. A survey of representatives from 14 European study sites involved in the project revealed that the approach had been effective at implementing some ICZM principles, particularly the “holistic approach”. However, not all principles were fully implemented at all sites and the most challenging to implement was that of “a long term approach”. The paper concludes with a critical consideration of the role of a systems approach framework in progressing the current state of intellectual assent towards practical implementation of ICZM principles. The findings provide evidence of contributions and limitations of systems approaches to sustainability science and good governance.     

Marine ecosystem-based management as a hierarchical control system

Although many jurisdictions have embraced ecosystem-based management for the marine environment, it is unclear what this entails in terms of both theory and practical action. I examine the management of complex systems in industrial control as a source of practical guidance on how to approach the ideals of marine ecosystem management. Industrial control systems focus on objectives and outcomes, are hierarchical and localise and distribute control tasks. The principles of hierarchical control systems and focussing on ecosystem services helps overcome the conceptual difficulties with ecosystem management while retaining the idea of a holistic approach to managing human impacts.     

Application of a vessel monitoring system to advance sustainable fisheries management—Benefits received in Taiwan

Vessel monitoring systems (VMS) are considered important instruments for fisheries monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) to reverse the current depressed state of the world’s fisheries, and have been mandated worldwide by fishery management agencies. The essential function of the system is to provide near-real time vessel position; the potential applications could, however, be more than that. This study explores the additional benefits, with practical examples, that Taiwan has received from implementing the system: in improving the quantity and quality of logbooks recovered, obtaining access to fishery-independent fishing effort estimates and prompt catch/effort reporting, enabling the possibility of regional management and understanding of both fleet dynamics and vessel behavior, and increasing efficiency of vessel safety protection. For other distant-water fishing nations, Taiwan’s experiences serve to demonstrate how the application of VMS technology can advance sustainable fisheries management.     

Policy-relevant assessment of community-level coastal management projects in Sri Lanka

Community-level coastal management programs are being introduced in some countries as a practical strategy to respond to conditions of poverty and unsustainable resource use practices. Two recently developed Special Area Management (SAM) programs developed in Sri Lanka are part of this international trend. These two SAM programs were assessed to identify planning and early management issues that may be relevant to future projects. This paper examines general issues in assessing community-level projects. The particular focus is on a few issues of general relevance: community participation in the planning process; the adequacy of the boundary; quality of the technical analysis; adequacy of resource management activities; transparency of management decisions; community acceptance of the program; and sustainability of resource management activities.     

The international legal framework for the management of the global oceans social-ecological system

This paper evaluates the international agreements in place for the protection of the environment and the regulation of human activities taking place in world's oceans and seas. 500 multilateral agreements were reviewed against a framework of reference, grounded on the theoretical approaches of Adaptive Management and Transition Management. According to this framework, oceans complex systems management should: (1) consider the global oceans as a Social-Ecological System (SES); (2) aim to achieve or maintain their ecological resilience; and (3) implement iterative, learning-based management strategies, supported by science-based advice to policy and management. The results show that the present international legal framework for the global oceans does not require countries to adopt an adaptive, complex systems approach for global oceans ecological resilience. Instead, this study supports the perspective of a double fragmentation among international agreements. First, global agreements focus on issue-based objectives for determined human activities, ecological components or anthropogenic pressures. Second, regional agreements have a wider scope, but also a varying level of inclusion of ecological resilience considerations. There is the need to foster the inclusion of such an approach into existing and future international agreements and their implementation, including through soft-law, project-based initiatives at global and regional scales.     

Management of Mediterranean coastal dunes

This paper gives some theoretical concepts of dune management as well as practical examples of how actual measures should be carried out.Dune management is defined as all measures aimed at the preservation and restoration of the natural values of a coastal sand dune area. It is essential that beach and foreshore are seen as parts of a whole dune system. Management must take into account all processes within this system. It should aim at nature conservation and wise use of coastal resources and all forms of land use should be ecologically sustainable. Dune management should work as much as possible ‘with’ the natural processes and not ‘against’ them.Four types of Mediterranean dune systems (including Portugal and SW Spain) are distinguished:: mainland dunes, lagoon-bay barrier dunes, delta dunes and remnant dunes.Like in most parts of the world, Mediterranean dunes fulfill several functions at the same time. The following functions will be dealt with: nature management, coastal defence and erosion, dune stabilisation and afforestation, agriculture, tourism and urbanisation, recreation, golf, information and education. The concepts of management which are considered include: sustainable use, large and coherent units, compensation, management planning, environmental impact assessment and function analysis.Dune stabilisation is not always considered necessary. In case of stabilisation by planting, only indigenous species should be used, preferably pioneers and not trees. Planting of exotic species should be avoided.     

Towards ecosystem-based fisheries management in Norway – Practical tools for keeping track of relevant issues and prioritising management efforts

The present paper presents the practical implementation of the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) in Norway. This involves defining management objectives and developing simple and efficient tools to achieve an overview of management needs and prioritise among these, while integrating broader conservation issues and ensuring stakeholder involvement. A new Marine Resources Act entered into force in Norway in 2009. By integrating conservation and sustainable use as basic principles, the law represents a paradigm shift in the management of Norwegian fisheries. The law indicates which concerns should be addressed, but neither how nor how often evaluations should take place. That is for management to decide. A management principle in the Marine Resources Act confers on the Ministry an obligation to evaluate whether continued fishing at the present scale is justifiable, or whether improved management is required to ensure sustainability. A Stock table, and a table of "Catches of data-poor species" constitute a comprehensive system for monitoring the management principle. Along with a Fisheries table, these tables establish a framework for developing an ecosystem-based fisheries management by providing a basis and tools for prioritising the needs of new and/or revised management measures.     

Environmental management frameworks for offshore mining: the New Zealand approach

The New Zealand region contains untapped natural mineral, oil, and gas resources while also supporting globally unique and diverse faunal communities that need to be managed sustainably. In this paper key information from the international literature is reviewed that can underpin an Environmental Mining Management System which includes elements of Environmental Risk Assessment, Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Planning. This paper focuses on four developing areas of seafloor mining activities presently being undertaken or planned in the New Zealand region: hydrocarbons (oil and gas), minerals, ironsands and phosphorite nodules. A number of issues with the implementation of environmental management systems are identified including the difficulty of assessing new marine activities or technologies and the need for standardised reporting metrics. Finally, the development of ecosystem-based management and marine spatial planning is discussed which will be required to enhance environmental mining management frameworks in New Zealand.