塔里木板块东北缘坡七侵入体磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿标型特征及成因意义

为探讨新疆坡北岩体坡七侵入体中铜镍硫化物矿(化)体的成因,采用显微镜观察、磁性胶体浸润和电子探针分析等方法,对主要的金属矿物磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿开展了成因矿物学研究。结果表明,浸染状、稠密浸染状矿石中,磁黄铁矿为六方(NC型)磁黄铁矿,或六方磁黄铁矿与散点状单斜(4C型)磁黄铁矿构成的不规则状交生体。六方磁黄铁矿是高温结晶后缓慢降温的产物,而不规则状交生体是流体交代六方磁黄铁矿的结果。块状矿石中的磁黄铁矿是六方与单斜变体构成叶片状/箱状交生体,其成因与快速降温和热事件干扰有关。镍黄铁矿富集Co,在各类矿石中均可分为3个世代(Pn1,Pn2,Pn3),在结晶过程中硫逸度随着温度的降低而减小。等轴晶系辉砷钴矿、自形镍黄铁矿及高温黄铜矿的晶出暗示金属硫化物结晶温度普遍偏高。     

攀西会理县白草钒钛磁铁矿床磁黄铁矿矿物学特征及成因

攀西会理县白草矿区以钒钛磁铁矿而闻名,但该钒钛磁铁矿床中还发育一定规模的富钴硫化物矿石,对该类型矿石的形成机制研究还不深入.本文选择白草矿区产出的浸染状、致密块状、网脉状和斑杂状富钴硫化物矿石中的磁黄铁矿做为研究对象,在野外地质调查的基础上,通过矿相学和电子探针等方法对磁黄铁矿的成分和晶体类型进行研究.利用磁性胶体可以鉴别磁黄铁矿晶体类型的原理,确定了研究区的磁黄铁矿具有单斜磁黄铁矿(Mpo)和六方磁黄铁矿(Hpo)两种晶体类型,厘定了细脉状、叶片状和不规则状交生体.通过研究磁黄铁矿中各主量元素特征,计算了磁黄铁矿形成温度、硫逸度和M/S值等参数.将磁黄铁矿形成划分岩浆成矿期(熔离阶段、接触交代阶段)和热液成矿期,并初步厘定了4类磁黄铁矿生成顺序:首先形成浸染状矿石磁黄铁矿与致密块状矿石磁黄铁矿,其次形成斑杂状矿石磁黄铁矿,最后形成网脉状矿石磁黄铁矿.     

黄山东铜镍矿的韧性变形特征和磁黄铁矿形成机制研究

黄山东铜镍硫化物矿床产于东天山地区的黄山—镜儿泉韧性剪切带中,大地构造上属中亚造山带东天山觉罗塔格岛弧带。该铜镍矿所在的黄山东镁铁—超镁铁岩体呈纺锤状侵位于晚石炭世火山岩中,其边部发生了与区域剪切带总体走向一致的强烈糜棱岩化作用。矿床中的部分矿体发生强烈韧性变形,其中17号矿体完全产于韧性变形带内,岩石和矿石都发生了强烈的破碎和蚀变而形成矿石糜棱岩。在上述韧性变形带内,还发育一定规模的网脉状和细脉状富铜碳酸盐—硫化物脉。论文在野外地质和构造形迹观察的基础上,对黄山东矿床不同类型的矿石开展了细致的显微岩相和矿相学观察,识别出三种类型矿石:原生矿石、强烈变形矿石和热液叠加矿石。海绵陨铁结构的原生矿石中,脉石矿物几乎不发生蚀变和变形,矿石矿物仅发生脆性破裂;强烈变形矿石中,脉石矿物和矿石矿物均发生强烈变形,主要以纤闪石的波状消光和膝折、金云母的书斜构造、磁黄铁矿的定向拉长为特征;热液叠加矿石中的磁黄铁矿普遍发育颗粒的扁平化、重结晶,局部可见磁黄铁矿的退火平衡结构。黄山东铜镍硫化物矿床的侵位与变形时间与区域黄山-镜儿泉剪切带的韧性剪切作用时间相一致。岩体冷却过程经历的强烈韧性剪切变形作用不但造成矿石矿物的强烈韧性变形而形成矿石糜棱岩,还使伴生脉石矿物发生细粒化和热液蚀变,释放出流体和成矿元素,并叠加于变形的矿石和岩石之上,从而形成了网脉状和细脉状矿体。黄山东铜镍矿的原生硫化物固熔体铁含量较高,因而在硫化物熔体结晶过程只形成六方磁黄铁矿而无伴生单斜磁黄铁矿和黄铁矿。在热液叠加过程中,流体沿边缘和裂隙面交代早期六方磁黄铁矿,形成单斜磁黄铁矿反应边。本次研究还发现六方磁黄铁矿形成的新机制:即在高硫逸度和高氧逸度的条件下,随着体系温度的降低,单斜磁黄铁矿可从热液六方磁黄铁矿中出溶形成呈叶片状单斜—六方磁黄铁矿交生体。     

福建两个块状硫化物矿床中磁黄铁矿结构的研究

福建大田前锋梅仙块状硫化物矿床中六方磁黄铁矿中的单斜磁黄铁矿有两种交生态：受结晶方位控制的叶片状交生和受颗粒边界、裂隙控制的不规则状交生。着重由六方磁黄铁矿在冷却过程中出溶形成,而后者则是单斜磁黄铁矿交代六方磁黄铁矿的结果。叶片状交生体经历后期变形、变质后产生粗化和均一化,形成了楔形边、箱形、得杂叶片等结构。单斜磁黄铁矿在变形较弱的矿区保存较好,而在强烈部位消失殆尽,说明应力对磁黄铁矿的均一化效应     

新疆若羌县坡一岩浆硫化物矿床地质特征及成因初探

坡一岩浆硫化物矿床赋矿岩石主要为华力西中期第一侵入次第二阶段纯橄榄岩、辉石橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、辉石岩.镍矿体主要分布于超基性岩体中部、底部.矿石类型以星散浸染状为主,次为稀疏浸染状、少量稠密浸染状、海绵陨铁状,半块状-块状、脉状.金属硫化物主要为镍黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿及黄铜矿,次为黄铁矿、白铁矿.通过对坡一岩浆硫化物矿床岩相学、岩石化学、稀土微量元素特征、成矿作用总结分析,初步探讨矿床成因.     

岩浆熔离型铜镍矿床硫同位素地球化学特征研究

我国岩浆熔离型铜镍矿床主要分布在大陆边缘裂谷、造山带和峨眉山大火成岩石中,矿床赋存岩体中下部;矿石呈星点状、浸染状、海绵陨铁状和块状,主要矿物为磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿、黄铜矿、磁铁矿、橄榄石、石英等;矿床形成温度较高;成矿氧逸度范围受磁黄铁矿-黄铁矿-磁铁矿和橄榄石-石英-磁铁矿矿物组合控制。硫化物硫同位素显示出两种特征,一种为金川、赤柏松、喀拉通克、黄山东、红旗岭、金宝山等矿床,硫化物的硫同位素主要分布在-1.6‰~+3.1‰;另一种为煎茶岭、力马河矿床,硫化物的硫同位素组成为+1.5‰~13.8‰。根据硫同位素组成特征可以得出大多数岩浆熔离型铜镍矿床硫化物的硫主要来自岩浆(金川、赤柏松、喀拉通克、黄山东、红旗岭、金宝山),少数矿床硫的来源较为复杂(煎茶岭和力马河),很可能是两种以上来源。     

挪威某些铜镍矿石中单斜磁黄铁矿出溶体的退火和粗化

在挪威某些正岩浆铜镍矿床的矿石中，六万磁黄铁矿基质内的单斜磁黄铁矿叶片是高温时形成的磁黄铁矿固溶体在降温过程中出溶的产物。出溶叶片宽度和间距的加大、叶片的带状分布、楔形尖端、箱状扭曲和复杂叶片等结构，表明出溶产物在不高于单斜-六方转变温度（254℃）的条件下发生过显著的退火和粗化。重结晶的六方磁黄铁矿基质中所保存的单斜变种甚少，表明变质作用所引起的矿石重结晶，可使磁黄铁矿吸收其中的单斜出溶体而发生均匀化。     

喀拉通克铜镍矿床硫同位素组成特征及其地质意义

硫同位素研究在喀拉通克岩体的地壳物质混染过程中有重要意义。通过对块状和浸染状矿石、斑点状和脉状矿石以及围岩中硫化物进行硫同位素测试,分析了黄铜矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿的硫同位素在硫化物中的富集状态,探讨了喀拉通克铜镍矿床硫同位素组成特征及其地质意义。结果表明：块状矿石的同位素测定值与标准值之间的千分偏差δ（34S）为（-1.30～1.84）×10-3,浸染状矿石的δ（34S）为（-2.50～0.85）×10-3,脉状矿石的δ（34S）为（-1.54～3.00）×10-3,围岩中黄铁矿的δ（34S）为（-7.8～-3.3）×10-3;硫同位素在硫化物中的富集从大到小依次为黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿,说明硫化物之间基本达到了硫同位素平衡;喀拉通克铜镍矿床的硫主要来自于地幔,只在岩浆熔离作用形成的浸染状矿石和岩浆后期热液阶段形成的脉状矿石以及晚期黄铁矿中有少量或局部地壳硫混染的痕迹;地壳硫的加入没有在岩浆源区发生,可能发生在岩浆上升并发生硫化物就地熔离的局部过程中,几乎不对硫饱和及硫化物的熔离产生影响;岩浆在地壳深部发生的橄榄石、铬铁矿等矿物的分离结晶作用,有可能是促使硫饱和与硫化物熔离的主要因素。     

吉林红旗岭富家矿床矿石矿物化学和硫同位素特征——对铜镍硫化物矿床成因及成矿过程的约束

本文对吉林红旗岭富家矿床中的矿石矿物进行了系统的矿物化学和硫同位素研究。矿石矿物共生组合主要为磁黄铁矿(Po)-镍黄铁矿(Pn)-黄铜矿(Cp)-黄铁矿(Py),其中Po有单斜磁黄铁矿(Mpo)、六方磁黄铁矿(Hpo)和六方陨硫铁(Tr)相之分,并以Mpo(低温相)为主;Pn有Pn(1)→Pn(2)→Pn(3)的演化趋势;Py有Py(1)→Py(2)→Py(3)→Py(4),均为同一矿化期的不同世代的产物。利用Py-Po矿物对计算出矿石矿物的结晶温度介于500~300℃之间,大致结晶顺序为Pn→Po→Cp→Py。硫同位素特征表明,δ~(34)S值变化较小,介于–4.70‰~+2.40‰之间,δ~(34)S值呈塔式分布,集中分布于–2.5‰~+2.5‰之间,δ~(34)S值略高于地幔硫(0±2‰),并有δ~(34)S_(Po)δ~(34)S_(硫化物)δ~(34)S_(Py)的特征,表明硫来源于地幔,仅有微弱的地壳物质混染,且成矿熔体中硫已达到平衡。结合野外矿体特征和矿石组构特征,富家矿床的成矿物质来源于上地幔;成矿作用方式以岩浆熔离作用为主,兼具岩浆期后热液叠加成矿作用;矿床为通道式成矿,属于深部熔离-贯入式成因。     

攀西地区黑石河铁矿矿石特征研究及矿床成因探讨

黑石河铁矿位于攀西地区,其含矿岩体以辉长岩体为主,岩体具弱分异并显示一定的层理构造;矿体呈似层状、透镜状、脉状产。通过对矿石特征研究,认为矿石主要以海绵陨铁结构及浸染状构造为主,矿物组成主要有钛磁铁矿、钛铁矿等金属氧化物、以黄铁矿为主的硫化物,以及辉石等组成。基于矿区主要矿物的结晶阶段及黑石河铁矿石典型的结构构造特征,结合攀西地区其它钒钛磁铁矿床成因研究资料,认为黑石河铁矿床属岩浆晚期分异结晶成因类型。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)