皖中膨胀土的承载比(CBR)强度特性研究

针对皖中地区高速公路建设中遇到的膨胀土问题,选取合六叶高速公路典型土样开展了系统的承载比（CBR）特性试验研究,并在此基础上探讨了膨胀土作为路基填料的适用性。研究表明:（1）起始含水量对膨胀土CBR值影响显著,CBR最大值对应的含水量高于最佳含水量,且击实功越大,二者差值也越大;（2）CBR膨胀量随起始含水量增大而减小,起始含水量越低,CBR膨胀量就越大,路基的水稳性就越差;（3）当击实功较大时,膨胀土的最佳含水量较小,适合填筑的可变含水量范围较宽,建议现场施工控制采用重型击实标准;（4）在重型击实条件下,将弱膨胀土起始含水量控制在比最优含水量大2%4%范围内,能同时满足压实度和CBR值要求以用于填筑下路堤,中膨胀土作为路基填料时必须经过改性处理。研究结果对于在膨胀土地区进行公路建设具有参考意义。     

考虑抗剪强度衰减特性的膨胀土边坡稳定性分析

针对传统膨胀土边坡稳定性分析中无法考虑膨胀土在降雨入渗过程中抗剪强度动态衰减的问题,本文开展了室内直剪试验,系统研究了干密度和含水量变化对膨胀土抗剪强度指标的影响;同时,以试验抗剪强度结果为参数,开展了基于强度折减法的膨胀土边坡稳定性分析,获得了抗剪强度动态衰减过程中边坡稳定性的变化规律。结果表明,含水量的增加和干密度...     

百色重塑膨胀土抗剪强度的试验研究

通过对不同初始含水率、不同干密度下百色重塑膨胀土直剪试验,研究了百色击实重塑膨胀土在不同垂直压力下的峰值强度和残余强度,分析了其抗剪强度的作用机制。研究表明：随着干密度的增加,土体的峰值强度增大,残余强度变化不大;随着上覆荷载的增加,土体的抗剪强度明显增加,表明物理处治技术填筑膨胀土路堤能保证其强度和稳定性;干密度对重塑膨胀土的峰值强度影响较大,而对残余强度影响很小;重塑膨胀土的残余强度与它的结构、应力历史、起始含水率没有关系,而只取决于黏土颗粒的形态、大小、含量和矿物成分等因素。     

碱渣改良膨胀土室内试验研究

通过室内试验,探讨利用碱渣作为添加剂对膨胀土改良的可行性和改良效果和碱渣改性土的基本物理力学性质和膨胀性。研究结果表明,随着掺渣率的增加,碱渣改性土的黏性成分的含量降低,粗颗粒含量增加,导致相对密度、液限、塑性指数、自由膨胀率、有荷膨胀量均呈明显减小趋势,这说明碱渣对膨胀土膨胀性的改良有显著效果;碱渣改性土可击实含水率范围较之膨胀土宽,这给碱渣改性土的施工带来很大方便;经过7 d养护后的土样无侧限抗压强度和抗剪强度都显著增加,并在掺渣率为30%时存在一个峰值点。抗剪强度增强主要体现在黏聚力显著增加,而内摩擦角变化不大。     

弱膨胀土工程特性及其路基处治对策

针对湖北襄-荆高速公路膨胀土,在室内开展了弱膨胀土的压实特性、胀缩性状、力学特性试验研究,发现压实膨胀土的工程性状受含水率与压实度的影响,胀缩特性是膨胀土的固有特性,其大小取决于起始湿度和密度;击实膨胀土的最佳含水量和最大干密度随击实功变化而变化,压实功愈大,土的最大干密度也愈大,而对应的最佳含水量愈小;膨胀土的CBR值随其含水率的变化规律类似于击实曲线,但CBR峰值含水率大于最佳含水率,为深入认识膨胀土的工程特性提供了帮助。因此,利用弱膨胀土填筑路堤时,不仅要考虑经过击实后的土的性质,而且还要考虑在填方建成、条件改变后土的性能;膨胀土路堤填筑除考虑压实度与CBR值要求外,尚需考虑胀缩总率的影响。最后,推荐了弱膨胀土路堤结构型式,并提出了弱膨胀土用于路堤填筑的控制标准。     

千枚岩残坡积土大型直剪试验研究

土体抗剪强度是边坡稳定性分析的重要力学参数,而大型直剪试验是确定粗粒土抗剪强度指标较为有效的方法,但获取所需原状土样较为困难。通过现场挖取边坡残坡积原状土样,开展原状土样和击实土样的室内常规小型直剪对比试验,证明在有效控制密度、干密度和含水率条件下采用击实土样获取的直剪强度指标可替代原状土样试验结果。击实土样的大型直剪与原状土样的常规直剪试验结果对比分析表明,由常规小型直剪试验获得残坡积土的抗剪强度略高于大型直剪试验结果。由于室内常规小型直剪试验获取的抗剪强度指标往往比边坡实际发生滑动时的抗剪强度指标稍大,建议在边坡稳定性分析中对抗剪强度指标选取时,采用以大型直剪试验获得的有效控制密度、干密度和含水率条件下击实土样的峰值强度和残余强度,由此进行的边坡稳定性计算将更为科学合理     

渠坡非饱和膨胀土含水率与强度关系试验研究

南水北调中线渠首段渠坡土主要为膨胀土,渠坡膨胀土含水率的变化会影响坡体稳定性。为了探究含水率变化对渠坡稳定性影响的具体特征,对采集自南水北调中线渠首段的渠坡膨胀土进行了滴定直剪试验,获得了渠坡膨胀土抗剪强度指标与含水率的关系曲线,试验结果表明：抗剪强度随含水率增加而明显衰减,衰减过程先快后慢;试样初始含水率越低,黏聚力...     

膨胀土工程特性及其石灰改性试验研究

系统地开展了弱、中膨胀土及石灰稳定土的物理力学试验.试验表明:中膨胀土具有较强的吸水膨胀软化特性,其CBR值低于3%,不能满足路基对填料的强度要求,用作路基填料必须改性;当压实含水量控制得当,弱膨胀土CBR可满足规范要求,其压实含水量宜按最优含水量+(3～4)%控制;用石灰对中膨胀土改性效果显著,能有效抑制其胀缩潜势和提高土体强度,能满足路堤填筑的要求.中膨胀土石灰改性的质量掺合比宜按5.0%控制.     

南阳膨胀土抗剪强度的现场剪切试验研究

膨胀土的抗剪强度是膨胀土地区路基、边坡设计的重要依据,其参数选取一直是膨胀土研究领域的重要课题。结合南阳地区膨胀土的抗剪强度研究,对其现场剪切试验的试样制备及试验方法进行探讨,提出了膨胀土抗剪强度的修改计算公式。通过反算证明,文中的现场剪切试验方法及抗剪强度的计算公式是合理的。     

贵州石漠化地区降雨条件下红粘土剪切强度特性随含水量变化关系探讨

西南喀斯特地区的石漠化已经严重影响了人民正常的生产生活。水土流失是石漠化过程中一个关键环节。喀斯特地区地表广泛覆盖的红粘土在降雨条件下随着含水量的增加和人工垦殖的影响,剪切强度会产生变化,更易发生水土流失。本文以贵州普定石漠化研究区（陈旗村）的红粘土为例,以原状土模拟未经扰动的土样,以重塑土来模拟经过开垦被扰动后的土样,设计了原状土和重塑土在不同含水量下的直剪试验,初步地研究了这一变化规律。结果表明:在含水量大于35%时,石漠化地区红粘土粘聚力和内摩擦角均随着含水量的增加显著降低;在同一含水量水平下,原状土的抗剪强度明显优于重塑土,且随着含水量的增加,重塑土的强度衰减较之原状土快许多,表明了经过人工垦殖后的红粘土在降雨条件下更易发生水土流失。     

Coupled consolidation model for negative skin friction on piles in clay layers

Expansive soils swell on absorbing water and shrink on evaporation thereof. Because of this alternate swelling and shrinkage, civil engineering structures founded in them are severely damaged. For counteracting the problems of expansive soils, different innovative techniques were suggested. Stabilization of expansive clays with various additives has also met with considerable success. This paper presents, by comparison, the effect of lime and fly ash on free swell index (FSI), swell potential, swelling pressure, coefficient of consolidation, compression index, secondary consolidation characteristics and shear strength. Lime content was varied as 0%, 2%, 4%?and 6%?and fly ash content as 0%, 10%?and 20%. A fly ash content of 20%?showed significant reduction in swell potential, swelling pressure, compression index and secondary consolidation characteristics and resulted in increase in maximum dry density and shear strength. Swell potential and swelling pressure decreased with increase in lime content also. Further, consolidation characteristics improved. Compaction characteristics and unconfined compression strength improved at 4%?lime and reduced at 6%?lime.     

Effect of lime and fly ash on swell,consolidation and shear strength characteristics of expansive clays: a comparative study

Expansive soils swell on absorbing water and shrink on evaporation thereof. Because of this alternate swelling and shrinkage, civil engineering structures founded in them are severely damaged. For counteracting the problems of expansive soils, different innovative techniques were suggested. Stabilization of expansive clays with various additives has also met with considerable success. This paper presents, by comparison, the effect of lime and fly ash on free swell index (FSI), swell potential, swelling pressure, coefficient of consolidation, compression index, secondary consolidation characteristics and shear strength. Lime content (weight of lime/weight of dry soil) was varied as 0%, 2%, 4%?and 6%?and fly ash content (weight of fly ash/weight of dry soil) as 0%, 10%?and 20%. A fly ash content of 20%?showed significant reduction in swell potential, swelling pressure, compression index and secondary consolidation characteristics and resulted in increase in maximum dry density and shear strength. Swell potential and swelling pressure decreased with increase in lime content also. Further, consolidation characteristics improved. Compaction characteristics and unconfined compression strength improved at 4%?lime and reduced at 6%?lime.     

The impact of natural ornamental limestone dust on swelling characteristics of high expansive soils

Expansive soils are considered as a potential natural hazard if they are not adequately treated. Expansive soils have high potential for shrinking and swelling under changing moisture conditions and cause extensive damages to engineering infrastructures. This study is concerned with the suitability of natural ornamental limestone dust to reduce the swelling characteristics of high expansive soils. The results are revealed that the swelling pressure and percent of heave are greatly decreased with increasing the inserted core diameters and mixing percentages of limestone dust. The average reduction percent values of swelling pressure and percent of heave are increased from 2.21% to 43.09% and from 2.56% to 45.64%, respectively, for treated soil samples with increase in limestone dust core diameters from 5 mm to 20 mm (1% to 16% of total soil area). The average reduction percent values of swelling pressure and heave percent are increased from 10.29% to 70.73% and from 22.29% to 82.90%, respectively, for treated soil samples with increase in limestone dust mixing percentages from 10% to 30%. The results are revealed that the enhancement in swelling characteristics of high expansive soils that are treated by ornamental limestone dust is mostly attributed to the replacement of high expansive fine clay particles by non-expansive and non-plastic coarse limestone dust particles, and to the presence of a considerable amount of free lime in limestone dust (4.97% as [Ca(OH)₂]) that is responsible for converting the high expansive soils to less expansive soils by pozzolanic reaction. The mixing treatment method is more suitable for surficial and shallow foundation high expansive soil beds, while the compacted limestone dust piles “inserted limestone dust core method” are more suitable for deep foundation high expansive soil beds.     

中膨胀土CMA改性室内试验研究

CMA是一种新型膨胀土生态改性剂,依托合(肥)－六(安)－叶(集)高速公路工程,对CMA改性后中膨胀土的基本物理性质、击实特性、胀缩特性、力学特性等进行了3种配方的室内对比试验研究。结果表明,中膨胀土经CMA改性后,其自由膨胀率由改性前的71 %下降到20 %左右,液限和塑性指数也显著降低,亲水能力大幅度下降;胶粒含量明显下降,粉粒含量增加,说明改性后粒度组成已接近粉土;各项胀缩性指标较改性前也有大幅度下降,无荷膨胀率约为改性前的2 %,膨胀力约为改性前的5 %;改性土的CBR值可达50 %,浸水变形不到1 %;在非饱水和饱水状态下,改性土都具有较高的抗剪强度和无侧限抗压强度,说明改性后其水稳定性较好。经对比分析,认为1#配方改性效果最好,较适用于合肥膨胀土的改性处理。     

膨胀土与红黏土石灰改性对比试验研究

为探讨石灰改性膨胀土与红黏土的强度发展规律,以生石灰与消石灰改性的南阳膨胀土与郴州红黏土为研究对象,进行了无侧限抗压、固结快速直剪和固结压缩试验的对比研究。研究发现：在1 a养生龄期内,石灰改性的南阳膨胀土与郴州红黏土无侧限抗压强度与养生龄期的对数基本呈线性关系;按大于最佳含水率3%制样的强度在养生28 d以后高于按最佳含水率制样;生石灰改性效果比消石灰改性效果好,由于矿物成分不同,石灰改性南阳膨胀土的效果比石灰改性郴州红黏土好     

Free-Swell and Swelling Pressure of Unsaturated Compacted Clays; Experiments and Neural Networks Modeling

Expansive soils have received attentions of several investigators in the past half of century in the problematic soils context. Volume change behavior of unsaturated compacted soils in presence of water and change of degree of saturation was observed in two form of heave or collapse. Low water content and low density compacted soils in presence of enough surcharge pressure lose stability and collapse, because of their metastable and susceptible structure to change of degree of saturation. Free-swell and swelling pressure of five compacted clays, covering low to high plastic clays have been investigated in respect to compaction states and swelling pressure was compared with collapse pressure threshold. The results of experiments were utilized in two Artificial Neural Networks to predict free-swell percent and swelling pressure of a soil sample based on index properties and compaction state.     

不同垂直荷重对风化砂改良膨胀土抗剪强度影响研究

本文以风化砂改良膨胀土的抗剪强度指标为研究对象,通过室内直接剪切试验,研究了在不同垂直荷重作用下,不同掺砂比例及不同含水率对改良膨胀土抗剪强度指标c、值的影响规律及各种不同垂直荷重下的-关系。影响直接剪切试验结果的两个关键因素是试验时的垂直荷重和剪切速率,而现行规范对剪切速率是有明确规定的,但对垂直荷重只有一个推荐性的取值。本文对膨胀土掺入了10%、20%、30%、40%、50%的风化砂,分别配以6%、8%、10%、12%、14%的水,然后在I级垂直荷重(12.5～50kPa)、Ⅱ级垂直荷重(62.5～100kPa)、Ⅲ级垂直荷重(100～400kPa)作用下,进行剪切试验。通过试验研究得知:垂直荷重对改良后膨胀土抗剪强度指标影响较大,随着垂直荷重的减小,掺砂后的膨胀土内摩擦角逐渐增大,黏聚力逐渐减小; 在各级垂直荷重下,在同一含水率状态下,黏聚力均随着掺砂比例的增大而逐渐减小,而内摩擦角均是先增大后减小; 在同一掺砂比例下,黏聚力及内摩擦角均随着含水率的增大而先增大后减小。本试验的研究成果为风化砂改良膨胀土用作公路路基填料提供了试验依据。     

Impact of Carpet Waste Fibre Addition on Swelling Properties of Compacted Clays

Municipalities and recycling and environmental authorities are concerned about the growing amount of carpet waste produced by household, commercial and industrial sectors. It is reported that 500,000 tonnes of carpet waste fibre are plunged into landfills annually in the UK. In the United States of America, around 10 million tonnes of textile waste was generated in 2003. In geotechnical engineering, expansive clay soils are categorised as problematic soils due to their swelling behaviour upon increase in the moisture content. The problematic nature of such soils is intensified with the increase in the plasticity index. This paper presents results of a comprehensive investigation into utilisation of carpet waste fibres in order to improve the swelling characteristics of compacted cohesive soils. Therefore, two different clay soils with markedly different plasticity indices (i.e. 17.0 and 31.5 %) were treated with two different types of carpet waste fibre. Waste fibres were added to prepare specimens with fibre content of 1, 3 and 5 % by dry weight of soil. Soil specimens with different dry unit weights and moisture contents were prepared so as to the swelling behaviour of fibre reinforced compacted clays is completely attained under various scenarios. The results indicated that the behaviour of the fibre reinforced soils seems highly dependent on the initial compaction state and secondary on the moisture content. It was found that the swelling pressure drops rapidly as the percentage of fibre increases in samples prepared at the maximum dry unit weight and optimum moisture content. Reducing the dry unit weight, while maintaining constant moisture content or increasing the moisture content at constant dry unit weight was found to reduce the swelling pressure.     

Significance of molecular-level behaviour incorporation in the constitutive models of expansive clays – a review

Expansive clays are widely prevalent all over the world as one of the most problematic soils. These soils undergo significant volume change with a change in the moisture regime, thereby posing problems to the stability of the structures founded on such strata. Efforts have been made to model the erratic behaviour of these soils at the macro, micro, and, to a lesser extent, nano levels. Micro and nano level fabrics, believed to have a central role in the overall behaviour of expansive clays, are only partially considered in the modelling concepts; natural clay fabrics with multiple clay minerals, silt and sand inclusions, micro fissures, cementation, overconsolidation, induration and other such features have never been considered. This paper covers a review of deficiencies in the existing constitutive models for the expansive characteristics of the natural clayey soils at macro, micro and nano levels. These shortcomings are discussed in the light of the understanding of the fundamentals including fabric and structure controlling the swelling mechanism of the expansive clayey soils at the molecular level. Finally, a framework based on authors’ work to incorporate molecular level behaviour in the constitutive modelling of expansive clays is presented.     

裂隙面对强膨胀土抗剪强度影响分析

膨胀土作为一种特殊性土,其抗剪强度取值不同于一般的黏性土。实践证明,在进行膨胀土边坡设计时,不仅要考虑土体的土块强度,而且也要考虑裂隙面强度,其抗剪强度在很大程度上受其裂隙面规模与产状的影响,尤其是对裂隙极发育的强膨胀土而言。为了更加真实地模拟强膨胀土在裂隙面控制下的剪切破坏,特在南水北调中线工程南阳段强膨胀土地段进行大剪试验,通过拟合试验数据,对强膨胀土抗剪强度影响因素进行分析。结果表明,裂隙面的发育程度、倾角、裂面的起伏程度都对强膨胀土的抗剪强度有着很大的影响。