滑坡坡面位移特征及其应用

在详细分析滑坡坡面位移特征的基础上,提出根据坡面位移矢量确定滑坡滑动面,预报滑坡发生时间的原理和方法。     

滑坡坡面位移特征及其应用

在详细分析滑坡坡面位移特征的基础上,提出根据坡面位移矢量确定滑坡滑动面,预报滑坡发生时间的原理和方法。     

奉节白衣庵老苍屋新滑坡成因分析

通过对奉节白衣庵古滑坡体上发生在老苍屋附近的新滑坡的现场调查、地质钻孔勘探以及降雨坡面产流的调查情况,结合对滑坡边界的演化、渗入坡体水的软化作用等因素的分析,阐明了该滑坡发生的主要原因是降雨产流汇聚形成冲沟,而冲沟对坡体坡角的不断下切使其逐渐丧失了支撑。此外,降雨坡面的入渗增加了上覆荷载以及土石介质遇水软化的效应,也是滑坡发生的原因之一。滑坡前缘的冲沟坡降急剧下切也为滑动的持续提供了客观的地质条件。最后,对滑后坡体的治理方案进行出了初步地探讨。     

贵州道真三桥镇新生村滑坡成因分析及防治对策

本文分析的地质滑坡是贵州道真自治县暴雨引发的土质滑坡地质灾害的典型案例。通过野外实地勘察,结合工程地质原理,综合运用钻探、剖面测量等方法,查清滑体、滑带和滑床的岩土性质,分析滑坡的形成机理,认为二级陡坎临空面给滑坡创造剪出空间在降雨作用下导致坡体下滑。经稳定性分析,采取中部抗滑桩+坡体截排水+坡面修整+监测的综合防治方案。采用此方案治理边坡,其稳定性达到了安全要求。     

大光包滑坡启动机制的物理模拟试验

安县大光包滑坡是汶川地震触发的规模最大的滑坡,为了研究其形成机制,本文结合野外现场调查,利用三维振动台物理模拟试验,研究了大光包滑坡在地震作用下的启动机制与破坏过程,探讨了滑坡发生与坡体结构的密切关系。研究结果表明:大光包滑坡一个楔型槽状滑落体,沿着白云岩沙化层面和坡体中垂直于层面倾坡内早期X构造裂隙构成,是层面与裂隙在地震力作用下扩展并破坏的宏观表现;振动作用下坡体首先在坡顶产生一系列的拉张裂缝,随后在坡体下部产生剪切裂缝;后缘拉裂面、东侧白云岩层面和西侧拉裂边界将坡体切割成楔形体并滑下;滑坡为一后退式滑坡,呈多次后退式破坏。     

断裂控制的滑坡机理研究以柳家坡滑坡为例

本文针对受红椿坝-曾家坝断裂控制的陕西省安康市岚皋县柳家坡滑坡,在现场调查分析的基础上,采用Midas/GTS软件对其形成机理进行了三维数值模拟研究。模拟结果表明,断裂对该滑坡的发生起着控制性的作用,岩土体的性质决定了该滑坡的类型,而水和人类工程活动触发了该滑坡的发生。得到柳家坡滑坡的变形破坏模式为:坡体前缘向前运动,西侧断层强烈破碎带通过处侧壁剪切破坏,坡体后缘产生张拉裂缝,从而带动东侧坡体的变形破坏。由于坡体前缘为修建公路开挖的临空面,坡脚处缺失支撑,诱发了滑坡的发生。柳家坡滑坡形成机理的模拟结果可为日后相似条件下滑坡的防治提供一定的借鉴。     

河北省顺平县李思庄滑坡稳定性分析

李思庄滑坡为河北省顺平县境内潜在危险性最大的一残坡积堆积层滑坡,近年由于削坡建房,滑坡稳定性降低,极端降雨条件下存在复活可能。在野外调查确定滑坡结构特征的基础上,采用改进Mein-Larson降雨入渗模型分析不同降雨强度及持时对李思庄滑坡安全系数影响,运用有限差分软件FLAC3D计算分析该滑坡在天然和极端降雨工况下的稳定状态。研究结果表明:天然状态下,边坡潜在滑移面为基岩与残坡积层分界面,边坡安全系数为1.18,未发生失稳破坏;随降雨历时增加,潜在滑移面由基岩与残坡积层分界面转移到湿润峰面,当湿润峰达到基岩与残坡积层分界面,边坡安全系数为0.83,属不稳定状态。并对李思庄滑坡初步提出设置挡土墙和截排水沟的治理建议。      

福建省三明市徐碧学校滑坡特征及防治

徐碧学校滑坡处于沉积碎屑岩与侵入岩接触带上,属中层中型土质滑坡,由工程开挖形成高陡临空面、持续降雨诱发,表现出较明显的牵引式滑坡特征。为消除滑坡隐患,对滑坡进行了勘察、设计及工程治理。滑坡工程治理设计主要依据滑坡特征及破坏模式,结合在建徐碧学校规划设计,滑坡前缘采取抗滑桩支挡措施,中后部采取削方减载形成宽平台,后缘采取放坡+坡面防护+排水综合治理方案,滑坡治理工程取得了较好效果,为福建省相关类型滑坡防治提供参考案例。     

大别造山带岳西县斜坡变形破坏演化模式

岳西县自然斜坡在地球内、外动力共同作用下,容易变形并遭到破坏,造成人员伤亡和财产损失,严重制约了当地的经济发展。通过系统的工程地质调查和浅表生改造理论分析,查明了岳西县斜坡变形破坏特征及其成因,并探讨了其演化模式。结果表明,岳西县不同岩组的抗风化能力和力学特性存在差异,斜坡发生地质灾害的机理也不相同。根据斜坡结构特征,岳西县滑坡分为全风化层滑坡、强风化层滑坡和顺层岩质滑坡: 全风化层滑坡的滑面位于全风化层中或全风化层与强风化层的分界线处; 强风化层滑坡的滑面主要发育于强风化层与中风化层的分界线处; 顺层岩质滑坡主要发育于片麻岩发育的顺向坡中。根据变形破坏方式,岳西县崩塌可分为滑移式崩塌、倾倒式崩塌和坠落式崩塌: 滑移式崩塌主要由一组缓倾坡外结构面和另一组陡倾(坡外或者坡内)结构面控制; 倾倒式崩塌主要由一组陡倾坡内结构面和另一组近水平发育的结构面控制; 坠落式崩塌主要由一组结构面陡倾或近直立发育的结构面控制。岳西县滑坡多发育于风化壳厚度较大、岩体较松散、结构面强度低的地区; 崩塌多发育于斜坡高陡、岩质风化程度低、结构面发育的地区。研究成果对岳西县乃至整个大别山地区地质灾害的研究及防治工作具有一定的借鉴意义。     

福建省周宁县马头山滑坡成因分析及治理研究

文章在分析福建周宁县马头山滑坡的地质环境条件的基础上,阐述了滑坡的形态、滑面滑床特征和变形特征以及气象水文、地形地貌和人类工程活动等内外营力对该滑坡的影响,并对滑坡的形成过程和机理进行了详细分析。研究结果表明,该滑坡形成过程及机理为：开挖-滑带土浸水软化、抗剪强度降低或丧失-坡面、坡顶开裂和坡脚剪切破坏-剪切破坏区向上发展与后缘张裂隙贯通-滑面贯通、滑坡产生。根据定量分析计算,在连续降雨或暴雨条件下,该滑坡整体超过临界稳定状态而处于不稳定状态,滑坡可能继续失稳破坏。根据滑坡特征,提出了采取削坡减载、排水及坡面防护的综合治理方案。     

南京市浦口区某山前缓坡滑坡复活机制再分析

南京猪头山滑坡属于典型的覆盖层滑坡,2003年5月边坡发生缓慢变形失稳,没有对周围造成很大的危害,故未引起足够重视,2016年6~7月间受强降雨的影响再次发生大规模的滑动。研究发现,该滑体的地层具有特殊地质结构,在强降雨条件下会产生暂时性承压水,在其承压水的渗透力及浮托力作用下,其稳定性将会大大下降,因此该滑坡的再滑动与降雨密切相关。本文运用数值模拟方法分析了滑坡变形过程与降雨时长及降雨强度之间的关系,结果表明猪头山山前缓坡的稳定性随降雨时长和降雨强度增大逐渐降低,且具有一定的突变性,其滑坡面的位置位于坡体填土层的下部,较好地揭示了猪头山降雨型滑坡形成的机理以及滑坡再滑动机制。这一研究为所在地区的降雨性滑坡预报和治理提供了科学依据。     

Mechanism and failure process of Qianjiangping landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir,China

The Qianjiangping landslide is a large planar rock slide which occurred in July 14, 2003 shortly after the water level reached 135 m in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. The landslide destroyed 4 factories and 129 houses, took 24 lives, and made 1,200 people homeless. Field investigation shows that the contributing factors for the landslide are the geological structure of the slope, the previous surface of rupture, the water level rise, and continuous rainfall. In order to reveal the mechanism and failure process of the landslide, numerical simulation was conducted on Qianjiangping slope before sliding. Based on the characteristics and the engineering conditions of the landslide, the topography and the geological profiles of Qianjiangping slope before sliding is reconstructed. The seepage field of Qianjiangping slope before sliding was simulated with the Geostudio software. The results show that ground water table rises and bends to the slope during the rise of water level, and the slope surface becomes partially saturated within the period of continuous rainfall. Using the ground water table obtained above, the failure process of Qianjiangping slope is simulated with the Flac3D software. The results demonstrate that the shear strain increment, displacement, and shear failure area of the slope increased greatly after the water level rose and continuous rained, and the landslide was triggered by the combined effect both of water level rise and continuous rainfall. The development of shear strain increment, displacement, and shear failure area of the slope shows that the landslide was retrogressive in the lower part of the slope and progressive in the upper part of the slope.     

湘西陈溪峪滑坡变形机理及稳定性评价

浅层滑坡在我国广泛分布,但在区域范围内分布规律性较差,且具有突发性、隐蔽性和破坏性强等特点。湘西武陵山区地质条件复杂、降雨丰沛、人类工程活动强烈,突发性地质灾害频发,尤以降雨诱发的浅层滑坡为主。文章以湘西地区慈利县陈溪峪滑坡为例,开展了降雨量、基质吸力、地下水位和地表变形等的监测;结合滑坡的现场调查及监测成果,分析滑坡的形成条件和变形机理;在此基础上,考虑基质吸力对边坡稳定性的贡献,将强度折减有限元法推广到非饱和土边坡,计算得到了不同降雨工况下滑坡稳定性。结果表明:当强降雨降落到滑坡体上时,坡内基质吸力值均迅速减小,直至一定值后（9.5 kPa左右）不再变化;坡内地下水位受季节性降雨影响显著,短时强降雨引起地下水变化幅度不如长时间降雨对地下水位造成的影响大;陈溪峪滑坡的地质力学成因为蠕滑推移式土质滑坡,运动形式为沿基覆界面的浅层滑坡;短时强降雨是诱发滑坡变形的最关键因素。陈溪峪滑坡在持续降雨条件下的降雨量预警值约为280 mm,在短时强降雨条件下的降雨强度预警值约为240 mm/d。     

Formation and characteristics of the Xiaoba landslide in Fuquan,Guizhou, China

On August 27, 2014, a large-scale landslide occurred in Fuquan, Guizhou, China. This high-speed landslide caused considerable destruction; 23 people were killed, 22 were injured, and 77 houses were damaged. Field investigations, deformation monitoring, and numerical analyses have been performed to examine the characteristics and formation processes of this landslide. In the Xiaoba area, the slope showed a two-layered structure with a hard upper layer and a soft lower layer. Dolomite of the Dengying Formation in the slope front formed a locked segment controlling slope stability. Based on deformation and failure characteristics, the landslide is divided into sliding source area A and accumulation area B. The landslide is also divided into the following stages: bedding slip, tension cracking at the slope scarp, and the appearance of the locked section at the slope toe. Numerical calculations show that excavation led to maximum shear strain concentration along the interface of siltstone and slate in the middle of the slope, which became a potential sliding surface. Stress concentration and distribution of the plastic zone of the locked segment of the Dengying Formation dolomite occurred in the slope toe. Continuous rainfall caused the groundwater level to rise in the Xiaoba slope. The unfavorable geological structure was a determinant factor, and the combined effects of excavation and continuous rainfall were triggering factors that induced the landslide. The geomechanical mode for the Xiaoba landslide is sliding tension–shear failure.     

考虑非饱和土基质吸力的丁家坡滑坡变形机制及稳定性评价

丁家坡滑坡位于云阳县黄石镇中湾村,对拟建的云阳—开州（云开）高速公路安全具有潜在的威胁。为了查明丁家坡滑坡特征,开展了野外工程地质测绘、钻探与试验测试,采用Geo-studio完全耦合计算模式分析了不同降雨工况下滑坡渗流场、应力场、位移场的变化,考察了基质吸力在滑坡稳定性评价中的作用,并计算了不同降雨历时、降雨强度下滑坡的稳定性系数。结果表明:（1）丁家坡滑坡的斜坡地形、松散的岩性、潜在的临空面等因素决定了滑坡的形成与发育,坡体渗透性较好,降雨作用激励滑坡的变形,目前该滑坡处于蠕滑阶段;（2）降雨入渗后,坡体孔隙水压力增加,基质吸力减小,有效应力和抗剪强度降低,在土-岩界面形成剪应力集中,产生应变和位移,滑坡变形破坏;（3）高强度短历时的降雨使坡体浅层迅速饱和,易形成浅层滑,低强度长历时的降雨使坡体浸润较深,易造成深部滑动,其潜在滑动面主要为土-岩界面;（4）在非饱和状态下土体基质吸力对滑坡的稳定性具有重要影响;（5）目前滑坡处于基本稳定状态,一旦发生降雨,滑坡稳定性将降低,降雨历时越久、降雨强度越大,滑坡越易失稳。相对于滑坡Ⅱ区,滑坡Ⅰ区对云开高速公路安全的影响更大,应该重点对滑坡Ⅰ区进行防护治理。该研究可为工程设计、施工及滑坡的预警预报提供依据。     

Research on the Application of MEMS Sensors to Slope Monitoring Treated by Bolts

The landslide can destroy all kinds of constructions, and seriously hinder people's production and life as well as the development of national economy. Bolt is one of the main methods for slope treatment, but it is difficult to monitor its construction quality and anchoring effect directly. With the rise and development of MEMS (Micro-electro mechanical system) technology, MEMS sensors, with the advantages of small size, low cost and high precision, quickly come out from the conventional monitoring methods and provide new possibilities for the monitoring field in geological engineering. In this paper, based on MEMS sensors, a model test was designed to explore the stability of the slope after treatment by bolts. Natural river sands were used to prepare slopes with angle of 45° through the air-plluviation method. In addition, the tests were divided into two groups (with or without bolts). MEMS sensors were set up in the slope to wirelessly and continually capture the acceleration, angular velocity and angle of slope sliding triggered by simulated rainfall in real-time. It was found that: with no treatment, the acceleration and angle in the interior and the bottom of the slope gradually changed during rainfall, while those parameters in the rear and the surface of the slope had no significant change, which indicated that the slope creep mainly occurred in the interior and the bottom of the slope before failure. When landslides occurred, the movement monitoring indexes in the interior and the bottom of the slope suddenly changed, followed by those in the rear and the surface of the slope, which means that when the sandy slope slides, the interior and the bottom of the slope slides first, and then the rear and the surface of the slope surface fail. This is a typical retrogressive landslide. After the slope was treated by bolts, only creep could be observed during long-term rainfall, and the acceleration and angle in the bottom, interior and surface of the slope gradually changed, while almost no change was found in the rear of the slope, which shows that under rainfall conditions, overall creep occurs for the slope after reinforcement, the slope angle decreases, and there is no landside. The experimental results prove that MEMS sensors can realize low-cost, high-precision, continuous real-time monitoring of slope, and can capture gradual changes of movements before failure and the sudden change when landslide occurs. It should play a certain role in the study of landslide mechanism and landslide warning, and has a broad application in the field of geological engineering monitoring.     

缓倾煤层采空区上覆山体滑坡形成机制分析

下伏采空区的缓倾斜坡,由于采空区大小、方位不同和斜坡结构特征的差异,多存在地表沉陷、拉裂、局部崩塌、滑坡等工程地质问题,常常会诱发大规模的地质灾害。马达岭滑坡发育于存在软弱夹层和煤层采空区的缓倾斜坡中,由采空区的破坏和降雨诱发形成,体积达190104m3。调查和分析表明,脆弱的地质结构和坡体下伏采空区的破坏是滑坡形成的主要原因,降雨的促进作用加速了滑坡的发生; 马达岭滑坡的破坏模式为塌落-拉裂-剪切滑移,滑坡的形成机制和发展过程可以分为以下3个阶段: 斜坡后缘拉裂阶段,滑面贯通阶段和滑坡整体破坏阶段。崩滑体崩解后顺着沟谷向下游流动,形成长1.5km的泥石流碎屑堆积区,淹没大量农田。