甘肃阳山特大型金矿床水文地质条件和环境地质问题研究

阳山金矿床为一尚未开发的特大型金矿床。矿区地下水类型有第四系孔隙水、基岩裂隙水和构造带脉状裂隙水等三类。第四系松散堆积物及地表浅部节理裂隙发育的基岩为区内含水层,深部节理裂隙不发育的千枚岩、灰岩及斜长花岗斑岩为矿区隔水层。矿区西侧马连河水水质较好,可作为矿山开发用水源地。矿山开采过程中,第四系松散覆盖层的厚度、地下水对矿区有害元素的溶解程度以及地表水、地下水的二次污染等,均为矿山开发时应该研究的水文地质和环境地质问题。     

用LZ—73连续造斜器攻克孔斜技术难关

山西省中条山铜矿峪是我国大型斑岩铜矿床,已开采多年.矿区岩层节理、片理发育,换层频繁,各向异性强,属强造斜地层.据资料表明,顶角平均百     

安徽池州马头矿区斑岩型钼矿含矿裂隙研究

通过对安徽池州马头矿区含矿裂隙的综合研究,进一步认识斑岩型钼矿的含矿裂隙规律,解决此类含矿裂隙发育复杂矿区的矿体对应连接问题,有效指导矿区找矿。通过野外统计、室内数据整理及综合分析,在马头矿区选取代表性钻孔6个、平硐1个及地表露头3个,进行含矿岩体及其围岩节理裂隙特征的统计分析,开展钼矿床含矿裂隙规律研究。对矿区岩体与围岩中的节理裂隙、石英脉、钾长石英脉、断裂破碎带特征进行统计分析,发现矿区岩体与围岩中的节理裂隙特征基本一致,主要节理裂隙有5组,主要矿体含矿优势节理裂隙走向NNE,倾向SE,倾角在40°左右。     

滨海深部开采矿山水文地质环境调查与渗流场特征分析

山东黄金矿业（莱州）有限公司三山岛金矿位于山东省莱州湾滨海地带,特殊地理位置使矿山采掘工程面临更为复杂的水文地质条件,大规模深部滨海开采存在涌、突水的安全隐患。在此背景下,考虑区域内发育断裂带的影响,对矿山的水文地质特征进行区域划分与评价;在矿区深部3个水平中段进行了节理裂隙现场调查,统计分析了上盘、矿体、下盘岩体的节理裂隙分布规律;基于裂隙几何参数量测与Monte-Carlo结构面随机模拟方法,计算并修正了深部工程岩体的渗透系数;借助FLAC3D数值计算手段,对矿区未来深部开采过程中渗流场的演化规律及影响范围进行了预测。研究对于保障复杂水文地质条件矿山深部开采活动的安全进行具有一定的指导与借鉴意义。     

基于有限元修正节理岩质边坡稳定性计算的解析解

采用有限元方法探讨在人工开挖或自然侵蚀环境下,岩质边坡体内应力场的变化及节理发育形成机理,并采用有限元强度折减法对后缘具有张节理边坡的稳定性影响因素进行敏感性对比分析,进而得出具有非贯通节理边坡稳定性计算的修正解析解。结果表明：卸荷及风化作用导致边坡体由表及里出现应力重分布及应力集中的现象,使边坡后缘由顶部向下发育一簇竖直向下或略向临空面倾斜的张节理,当张节理与下部的缓倾剪节理贯通时,边坡发生破坏;边坡稳定性最敏感的影响因素为受剪节理的倾角及贯通度,其次是节理的强度参数;可将工程中较难调查的节理贯通度转化为节理的强度参数来等效表达,并根据Mohr-Coulomb强度准则推导得到适用于具有非贯通节理的岩质边坡稳定性的修正解析解。     

云南普朗斑岩铜矿晚三叠世构造控矿条件

普朗铜矿是义敦岛弧东多金属矿带的超大型斑岩型铜矿床.成矿带内岩浆构造活动频繁,裂隙构造叠加成矿-控矿作用显著,但研究程度薄弱.在对普朗铜矿区巷道进行构造岩相学综合调查研究的基础上,结合区域成矿构造背景,厘定矿区褶皱、断裂宏观特征,对典型中段进行节理（裂隙）测量分析.研究表明：1）古特提斯洋闭合过程斑岩铜矿成矿作用与晚三叠世构造演化、岩浆活动关系密切,普朗铜矿形成于俯冲造山阶段;2）区域深大断裂控制着矿区沉积建造和岩浆岩分布,矿床总体产于普朗背形核部,次级NEE及NE向断裂控制着含矿斑岩体和节理（裂隙）的发育,矿（化）体赋存于两组断裂交汇部位;3）矿区以张节理为主的复合型节理系统,为含矿热液的运移、扩散和富集提供导矿、储矿空间,裂隙发育程度与铜矿化呈正相关.通过对矿区岩浆侵入-构造裂隙系统特征与控矿规律的研究,认为热液脉状矿（化）体严格受控于构造-裂隙系统改造富集作用,裂隙构造发育部位是探寻富"脉状矿"的有利靶区.     

陕北地区黄土节理对公路边坡稳定性的影响

黄土节理主要分为原生节理、构造节理、风化节理和卸荷节理。陕北地区主要发育原生节理和构造节理,原生节理多分布在马兰黄土中,较密集,延伸长;构造节理多分布在离石黄土中,方向性强,区域性强。节理对边坡稳定性的影响因产状不同而不同。与边坡走向一致的顺坡斜节理对边坡稳定性影响较大,垂直节理影响较小;走向与边坡走向垂直和斜交的节理对边坡稳定性影响较小。多组节理在平面内可组成层面棋盘格式和X格式;在空间内可组成板状结构体、楔椎状结构体和柱状结构体。不同形状的结构体对边坡产生不同影响。最后,针对对边坡稳定性影响最大的斜节理,讨论了沿构造(斜)节理面产生边坡土体滑落的可能性的核算方法。     

南阳膨胀土渠道滑坡破坏特征与演化机制研究

为了解河南南阳地区膨胀土渠道边坡滑坡机制,基于南水北调中线工程南阳段19个滑坡的现场调研统计结果,选取南阳段TS105+400处右岸滑坡为典型实例,开挖探槽揭露滑坡内部结构,对该区膨胀土渠道滑坡的破坏特征及演化机制进行了研究。结果显示,该区滑坡多发生在 地层;边坡的稳定性受中上部土体中的垂直节理及坡脚充填强膨胀土的缓倾长大裂隙共同控制,滑动面由后缘陡倾裂隙及前缘缓倾长大裂隙组成。开挖卸荷导致垂直节理张开,垂直节理向下可延伸3 m以上,破坏边坡土体整体性,且充当水分出入边坡的主要通道;坡面以下深度4～8 m存在一个高湿度带,带内土体强度小,发育滑动面。气候造成的胀缩循环、开挖卸荷导致边坡垂直节理张开并向深部发展,对边坡土体的强度衰减作用明显,当垂直裂隙与前缘缓倾裂隙贯通后,发生强（久）降雨,裂隙充水软化,即诱发边坡失稳。     

边坡岩体弱面注浆宏观效应数值模拟分析

为反映弱面注浆对边坡岩体的宏观效应,通过对边坡弱面注浆前、后两种状态采用FLAC3D数值计算模型,分析边坡岩体注浆前、后的应力、位移场的变化。结果表明:注浆前,竖向拉应力和水平拉应力区向边坡内侧增大,且平行节理面分布,节理面两侧应力变化梯度明显;静态位移和动态位移向边坡内侧递减,位移在节理面处明显发生突然变化。边坡内侧节理面是构成潜在滑动面的主要因素。注浆后,拉应力区明显变小,拉应力贯通区消失,应力变化梯度减小;静态位移和动态位移明显下降,节理面处位移突变减小或消失。说明注浆加固处理对节理损伤起到很好的修复作用,提高了节理的抗剪强度和抗剪刚度。从而使岩体的应力场和位移场变得均匀和连续,节理面的拉应力区减小,较大的位移得以抑制,提高了节理边坡的整体性和稳定性。     

东秦岭鱼池岭斑岩钼矿床成矿作用过程探讨

<正>中国东秦岭地区是仅次于北美西部的全球第二大钼成矿带,其中位于河南省嵩县南部童子庄一带的鱼池岭钼矿床,是近几年新发现的超大型斑岩钼矿床,矿区主体位于合峪复式岩体中,与晚期的花岗斑岩体和隐爆角砾岩体关系密切。矿区出露地层仅为新生界第四系全新统。矿区断裂构造十分发育,其次为节理裂隙,均为脆     

罗山矿区滑坡稳定性分析及治理的特殊性

河南灵宝罗山矿区海拔标高640-1100m,山高沟深,地形地貌复杂。自1982年建矿以来,地下采矿工程已在山体下形成大量采空区,这些采空区的变形、破坏和塌陷,加上生产爆破振动等的长期作用与影响,致使矿区目前存在多个受采动影响的潜在滑坡体,并严重影响矿山的正常安全、高效生产。研究、协调并解决采矿与山体稳定性之间的关系,实现在矿山不停产的情况下,完成对矿区山坡的综合治理,成为一项既具有重大经济效益,也具有相当社会影响和环境效益的工程技术难题。针对罗山矿区滑坡体的实际情况,研究指出采空区山体的稳定性具有明显的时间和空间相关特性,随着时间的推移,采矿工程的空间规模会不断扩大,采动影响的空间范围和力度将随之增加。因此,在进行采动诱导山体失稳分析计算以及治理措施研究时,必须充分考虑这种特殊的时空动态影响因素的作用,并采取相应的对策。对于受采动影响的动态不稳定体而言,柔性边坡支护体系比刚性支护体系将更为有效。     

Rock Mass Deformation Characteristics in High-Steep Slopes Influenced by Open-Pit to Underground Mining

In Daye Iron Mine, the open-pit mining has ended and the underground mining started in 2003. The present pit slopes are as high as 430 m and the slope angle is up to 43°. During the process of open-pit to underground mining, the high-steep pit slopes would be affected by both open-pit mining and underground mining, and its deformation characteristics would become more complex. So in this paper, the trinity method of numerical simulation, model experiment and field test was adopted to analyze the displacement and stress fields systematically. The results show that: (1) Prominent rebound deformation occurs near the slope foot, which is induced by the unloading in open-pit mining. When it is backfilled to 0 m level, the rebound deformation decreases, which indicate that backfilling mass can restrict the deformation and improve the slope stability; (2) Subsidence dominates the slope deformation in open-pit to underground mining and it increases with an increasing elevation of monitoring point; the maximum horizontal displacement occurs in the lower part of the slopes, because the backfilled part is squeezed by both the north slope and the south slope, and it has a lower elastic modulus than the previous orebody; (3) The stress and its variability near the slope foot are much larger than other places, indicating that the slope foot is most affected by stress redistribution and stress concentration may occur here; the stress at other stress monitoring points changes little, indicating that the influence of open-pit to underground mining is local; (4) The effect of underground mining on the deformation of the faults is not prominent; (5) Mining operations in near-ground part affect more on the variation of deformation and stress of pit slopes than that in deeper part.     

生态脆弱矿区采煤对泉的影响

陕北榆神府矿区地处毛乌素沙漠和黄土丘陵两大结构系统接壤地带,是典型的生态脆弱带。矿区沙漠区多有泉水出露,泉的分布对陕北煤炭基地供水,维持矿区生态环境及揭示矿区水文地质条件变化,有着至关重要的作用。通过分析采煤后典型泉域地下径流量的变化特征,将矿区煤炭开采对泉的影响分为四级:强烈影响、较强影响、中等影响和轻微影响,并从采煤后上覆岩层移动变形规律、地下水流场变化和地下水位变化三个方面探讨了煤炭开采对泉的影响机理,提出了在保护生态水位条件下科学采煤思路。     

露天矿边坡自动监测系统的开发与应用

测量机器人(即自动电子全站仪)固然可以对露天矿边坡进行自动化(或半自动化)外部形变监测。但测量机器人设站处(监测基点)的稳定性对监测精度的影响非常大。并且当测量视线被遮挡后测量机器人将无法监测相应的形变点。为了解决上述问题,笔者及科研组将GPS技术与测量机器人技术有机结合,开发出了露天矿边坡智能可动式自动监测系统。该系统彻底解决了监测基站不稳定对监测结果的影响问题,使监测的程序得以简化、监测的固定性投资成本得以降低。文章介绍了露天矿边坡智能可动式自动监测系统的结构、工作原理,给出了监测实例。以实际监测数据为依据,提出了露天矿边坡预警的基本准则。     

Effect of Underground Mine Blast Vibrations on Overlaying Open Pit Slopes: A Case Study for Daye Iron Mine in China

Investigating the propagation and attenuation of blast vibration in rock slopes is the key point to assess the influence of underground mine blasting on overlaying open pit slopes stability and determining the potential risk. In this paper, Daye Iron Mine in China has been chosen as the case to study the effect of blast vibrations on overlaying open pit slopes due to underground mine blast. Firstly, the characteristics of blast loadings are analyzed by the dynamic finite element method. Then, a three dimensional (3D) numerical model of the open pit and the underground mine is made, which is verified by the field monitoring data to prove its reliability. The effect of blast vibration on overlaying open pit slope due to underground mine blasting are discussed based on the peak particle velocity (PPV) and the peak effective tensile stress (PETS) distribution characteristics which are calculated and analyzed by inputting the obtained blast vibration data into the numerical model. The results show that the effect of present mining blasting on the stability of pit slopes are limited because the simulated maximum PPV and PETS of monitoring point on slopes are all < 0.747 cm/s and 0.738 MPa. At last, according to numerical simulations of the underground mine blasting, the PPV predicting formulas for the slopes in Daye Open Pit Iron Mine is proposed based on the classic Sadaovsk formula.     

江苏省煤炭资源及其找矿潜力分析

江苏省煤炭资源较少，远不能满足经济发展的需要。在分析煤炭地质和资源特征的基础上，对煤炭资源的找矿潜力进行了分析，提出了矿区外围和深部、推覆体下和苏鲁豫皖交界处的空白区找煤的设想。     

The Low Compaction Grading Technique on Steep Reclaimed Slopes: Soil Characterization and Static Slope Stability

Since the Surface Mining and Control Reclamation Act of 1977, US coal mining companies have been required by law to restore the approximate ground contours that existed prior to mining. To ensure mass stability and limit erosion, the reclaimed materials have traditionally been placed with significant compaction energy. The Forest Reclamation Approach (FRA) is a relatively new approach that has been successfully used to facilitate the fast establishment of native healthy forests. The FRA method specifies the use of low compaction energy in the top 1.2–1.5 m of the contour, which may be in conflict with general considerations for mechanical slope stability. Although successful for reforestation, the stability of FRA slopes has not been fully investigated and a rational stability method has not been identified. Further, a mechanics-based analysis is limited due to the significant amount of oversize particles which makes the sampling and measurement of soil strength properties difficult. To investigate the stability of steep FRA slopes (steeper than 20°), three reclaimed coal mining sites in the Appalachian region of East Tennessee were investigated. The stability was evaluated by several methods to identify the predominant failure modes. The infinite slope method, coupled with the estimation of the shear strength from field observations, was shown to provide a rational means to evaluate the stability of FRA slopes. The analysis results suggest that the low compaction of the surface materials may not compromise the long-term stability for the sites and material properties investigated.     

湖南岳阳市临湖丘陵区滑坡的类型及对策

临湖低山丘陵地区，地势起伏不大，坡度较缓，无大的悬崖峭壁地形，自然成因的山体滑坡相对较少。但水系发育，降雨充沛，近代河湖相冲洪积物分布广，结构松散，密实度较低，且常处于饱和状态，物理力学性质较差，工程性能易因环境的改变而恶化，这就是滑坡易发的地质基础；人类工程活动，流水蚀坡，地下水流条件的改变和集中降雨等是引发山体滑坡的主要因素；改良松散堆积物的工程性能，防范水文条件和水文地质条件的不利影响是预防或治理滑坡的关键。     

大冶铁矿露天转地下开采的离散元数值模拟研究

离散单元方法特别适合于节理比较发育的岩体。对于模拟和分析矿山中因采矿引起的围岩松动和冒落等力学行为是比较有效的。用离散单元法研究了大冶铁矿狮子山采区露天转地下开采，采用充填法、崩落法采掘对露天边坡和围岩的影响及围岩变形规律，并得出了相应的结论，为设计和方案的选用提供了一些有益的根据。     

大型边坡加固技术的研究

随着国家大规模经济建设的展开,水利水电、交通、矿山、国防等工程建设中经常会遇到大型边坡的加固问题。以边坡规模、工程地质条件和工程重要性作为影响边坡加固方法选择的3类主要因素,并将其分别分解为3个级别,通过各因素之间不同级别的组合分级来确定边坡加固方案的初步选择。对于一些工程地质条件很差的重要边坡,现有的边坡加固方法存在一定的局限性和不足。为此,作者提出了可用于大型边坡加固的地下梁-桩框架结构体系。通过将桩和梁相互连接而构成的空间框架结构,该体系可以将稳定性不足的坡体与深部稳定岩体牢固地连结起来,进而可以充分发挥岩体的自支撑能力。该结构体系的实施不仅可以充分利用为其他目的而开挖的探洞、试验洞等已有洞体,而还可以轻易、高效地实现边坡的排水和监测。