面向虚拟地理环境的空间信息共享研究

虚拟地理环境作为一种基于地理研究并提供地学分析的三维可视化的地理空间信息平台,需要解决物理存储分散、数据格式多样的空间信息资源的共享问题。本文研究了虚拟地理环境下的空间信息及其元数据的组织管理方式,定义面向对象思想定义简单的空间信息对象实体,通过对其进行迭代和组合来表达复杂空间信息对象,设计出具有元数据信息的空间信息对象XML描述方案。研究了如何构建集中式的空间信息对象管理与分布式的空间信息服务相结合的空间信息共享体系架构,通过提供对空间信息对象的浏览、分析、操作的Web服务,使得虚拟地理环境在网络中进行资源交换、信息共享、协同工作以及提供决策能得以实现。     

《地理信息世界》2008-2009年度选题方向

随着地理空间信息研究与应用的不断深入与普及,近年来地理空间信息领域在战略发展、理论与技术研究、工程应用等方面涌现出了许多新的热点问题,为了促进国内同行对这些热点问题的交流与     

空间信息网格SIG:新一代的空间信息基础设施和服务框架

空间信息数据量大、处理复杂、难以共享的问题对其研究和应用提出了挑战。空间信息网格(Spatial Information Grid,SIG)作为创新性的网络空间信息基础设施和技术体系,集成并拓展信息网格、空间信息系统、Web服务等前沿技术,以"服务"为中心,实现一体化、智能化的空间信息获取、存储、组织、分发、分析处理、集成与应用,实现基于网络的空间信息资源共享与空间信息服务。     

《地理信息世界》2008-2009年度选题方向

随着地理空间信息研究与应用的不断深入与普及,近年来地理空间信息领域在战略发展、理论与技术研究、工程应用等方面涌现出了许多新的热点问题,为了促进国内同行对这些热点问题的交流与     

全国警用空间信息服务互联互通的关键技术

针对大型空间信息服务平台构建过程中的数据互联互通和信息集成问题,从集成框架体系结构、技术路线和关键技术3个方面进行研究,提出了分布式地理空间信息集成框架的5层体系结构模型和原子空间信息服务概念;通过研究分布式空间查询路由算法和虚拟四叉树模型等关键技术,探索实现分布式环境下的空间信息的互联互通.     

空间信息服务在RFID物流管理系统中的应用研究

RFID（射频识别）中间件技术是RFID产业化的关键技术,分布式环境下的信息交换是这项技术的主要研究方向之一。随着企业对空间位置信息的关注需求日益增大,空间信息服务也成为RFID中间件中必不可少的组成部分。本文介绍了RFID中间件和空间信息服务的概念,通过一个RFID物流管理系统应用实例研究了空间信息服务在RFID中间件中提供空间信息操作,处理与交换的应用。     

基于本体和Agent的地理空间信息语义共享

地理空间信息语义共享是地理信息系统的重要研究内容。语义参照系统主要用于在地理信息的生产者和用户之间解释专题数据的意义，实现对不同语义数据的集成。本文分析了地理空间信息共享的含义和层次，借鉴语义网研究思想，建立了地理空间信息语义共享的总体框架。提出采用本体概念和方法，形式化定义领域知识，解决地理空间信息研究和应用中存在的地理实体语义不明确问题。采用基于Agent的信息查询和语义映射，实现在不同用户间对地理空间信息的共同理解和认识。     

我国地理空间信息共享的分类方法和地理编码规则研究

本文针对我国地理空间信息的现状和共享需求,在综合国内外地理空间信息分类方法的基础上,研究提出支持多源、多类型、多尺度地理空间信息空间整合的统一的分类编码规则和高层分类的方案。包括对要素类采用线分类,以信息共享程度分为门类,按学科划分亚类;对要素属性采用面分类,解决学科之间对相同对象采用不同分类视角的问题。提出了对要素类、要素实体和属性项进行编码的规则。该方案经过相应的研究项目试验,表明能够在兼容现有数据库系统基础上较好支持跨领域的信息共享。     

地理空间信息在电子政务中的应用研究

地理空间信息是认知、开发、利用和保护人类有限生存空间所必需的基础性、战略性信息资源,是全社会的共同财富。在电子政务的发展进程中,地理空间信息具有不可替代的重要支持作用。本文从电子政务和地理空间信息的概念入手,研究了地理空间信息在电子政务中的应用。     

面要素空间信息量的度量方法研究

 地图是空间信息的载体,地图空间信息的度量是地图信息传输理论的一个基础问题。地图空间信息主要包括地图要素的空间信息和要素分布的空间信息。地图空间信息是由要素的几何形态结构来体现,即要素的空间信息通过其几何形态特征描述。为此,本文以面要素为研究对象,提出一种以几何形态结构特征的面要素空间信息量度量方法。首先,从空间认知角度对面要素结构进行凸包分解,构建凸包树的面要素表达方法。然后,采用层次化策略,分别从结点的元素、邻域和整体三个层次来描述面要素几何形态结构,将面要素空间信息分解为几何形态信息和分布结构信息,结合面要素空间信息量的认知分析,给出了几何形态和分布结构特征的定量描述指标,并发展了基于几何形态结构特征的面要素空间信息量计算模型。最后,通过一组实验计算,进行了案例验证分析。     

CONSTRAINING FACTORS TO SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION OF WATER RESOURCES AND THEIR COUNTERMEASURES IN CHINA

This paper discusses the constraining factors to sustainable utilization of water resources in China,and the countermeasures to realize sustainable water utilization.The result of comprehensive analysis shows that constraining factors to sustainable utilization of water resources in China are complicated, including physical geographi cal factors and socio-economic factors, such as uneven distribution of water resources at temporal and spatial scales,inappropriate institutional arrangement and non-water-saving and non-water-conservation production and life mode.The countermeasures against constraining factors to water resources sustainable development are put forward as follows: l) using wetlands and forests, and through spatial conversion to realize temporally sustainable supply of water resources; 2) transferring water between basins and areas and developing various water resources in water shortagearea; 3) establishing water-saving society; 4) strengthening water pollution control and water resources protection;and 5) establishing unified water resources management mechanism.     

华北平原水资源紧缺情势与因源

基于水资源可持续利用理念,从水资源承载能力演化周期性、经济社会需用水规模难变性和未来水资源供需关系入手,介绍近60年以来华北平原水资源情势,特别是该平原水资源量、实际用水量和地下水开采量变化特征,并结合未来10到30年区域经济社会发展需用水量趋势,识别和诊断华北平原水资源紧缺因源.结果表明:由于降水量减少导致华北平原缺...     

PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF WATER RESOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION IN CHINA

According to the theory of sustainable development, the current situation and existent problemsoftheexploita-tion of water resources were analyzed in this paper. The results show that the contradiction between supply and demandof water resources is continually aggravating, water pollution is increasingly serious, water environment is worse, theover-extraction area of the underground water is expanding and water crisis stands out gradually, so it is imperative underthe situation to actualize the sustainable exploitation strategies of water resources. It is necessary for sustainable utilizingwater resources to introduce the model of sustainable utilization of water resources the model of wealth transferring be-tween the generations of water resources, establish water-saving society system and water market, form technology sys-tems, management systems and evaluation systems for many sorts of water resources, improve the utilization ratio of waterresources, transform waste water into resources and maintain and restore the water space of water environment.     

Research on water resources conservation of mountain river based on the concept of region partition

Presently concepts and methods related to water resources conservation of mountain rivers are seriously insufficient,and its level is far from being adaptable to the development of a harmonious society.As mountain ecosystems play a key role in water resources conservation of mountain rivers,and the characteristics of mountain ecosystems and hydrologic features of mountain river follow strong temporal and spatial distribution,partition theory can be applied to the water resources conservation of mountain river.This theory observes the following partition principles:regional relativity,spatial continuity,integralcounty,meeting management needs,hierarchical principle,and comparability principle.And it lays equal emphasis on both water resources conservation and environmental protection,on both water quality conservation and water quantity protection,on the combination of water features,water cycle and water pollution.In the partition methods,index method and map superposition method will be applied in region partition.The example of region partition of water resources conservation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River shows that the partition theory is practicable in water resources conservation of mountain rivers,and it provides a platform for future study in water resources conservation.     

Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for water resources carrying capacity in Tarim River Basin, Xinjiang, China

This paper explores the method of comprehensive evaluation of water resources carrying capacity and sets up an evaluation model applying the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Based on the data of nature, society, economics and water resources of the Tarim River Basin in 2002, we evaluated the water resources carrying capacity of the basin by means of the model. The results show that the comprehensive grades are 0.438 and 0.454 for Aksu and Kashi prefectures respectively, where the current water resources exploitation and utilization has reached a relative high degree and there is only a very limited water carrying capacity, 0.620 for Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture, where water resources carrying capacity is much higher, and in between for Hotan Prefecture and Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture. As a whole, the comprehensive grade of the Tarim River Basin is 0.508 and the current water resources exploitation and utilization has reached a relative high degree. Thus, we suggest that the integrated management of the water resources in the basin should be strengthened in order to utilize water resources scientifically and sustainably.     

STAGES AND POTENTIALITY OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT INARID NORTHWESTERN CHINA

The processes of water resources exploitation and utilization can be divided into three stages by water resources transformation, and the history, present situation and future trend of water resources development in piedmont areas around high mountains of arid northwestern China. The three stages are: the stage of surface water development (the first stage), the stage of comprehensive development of surface and ground water (the second stage) and the stage of economical development of water resources (the third stage). The three stages link each other and show the law and processes of water resources exploitation and utilization associated with social and technological progress. The economical water policy should run through the three stages. On this point, however, the third stage differs from the others, particularly, refering to irrigated agriculture. The third stage has more progressive significance because it breaks the traditional ideas on water resources development. According to our investigation and calculation, under present conditions of water resources development, the net used water is about 160 × 10⁸ m³, accounting for 18% of the total water resources of northwestern China. The water resources have not been fully developed. If the first stage is finished, the exploitable water can be increased by 91%. After the second stage, furthermore, it can be increased by 216%. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

中小流域水资源合理调蓄问题

一个流域内既有地表水资源,又有地下水资源,如何根据本流域的自然地质条件更合理地开发利用这些水资源,是个战略决策问题。本文以典型流域为实例,对适宜地表及地下调蓄水资源的条件进行了分析,对中小流域水资源合理调蓄问题提出了笔者的看法。     

四川省水土资源开发利用现状特征、问题及可持续利用对策

系统分析评价研究了2004年四川水土资源开发利用现状特征及其存在的主要问题，针对四川人地矛盾日趋尖锐、水土流失严重、水资源利用率低、水资源污染仍较严重尤其饮用水源地水质堪忧等制约全省经济社会可持续发展的重要因素，提出了实现四川水土资源可持续利用的对策和措施。     

试论饮用天然矿泉水开发利用中的水源地管理

本文以丰富的实际资料，结合我省饮用天然矿泉水开发利用现状，从水源地取水构筑物、实际开采量与长期动态监测、卫生防护带设置等开采要素入手，针对矿泉水水源地存在的主要问题，提出了加强水源地开发利用和保护管理具体方案。     

广西龙江流域水环境状况及地下水资源潜力评价

龙江流域是西南岩溶区一个典型的水文盆地。由于降水丰沛 ,地下水、地表水资源十分丰富 ,但受工矿企业废水的污染 ,龙江河水在枯水季节已基本失去了作为人畜饮用水水源的功能 ,沿江许多城镇人畜饮用水困难。在水资源十分丰富的西南岩溶区 ,类似的许多沿江城市出现水质性缺水 ,给水文地质工作提出了新的要求。文章认为以一定规模的水文盆地为基本单元 ,以流域地表水地下水资源的可利用性的综合评价为出发点 ,有针对性开展缺水城镇及岩溶干旱片的供水论证及地下水生态环境调查 ,是新一轮水文地质工作的重点 ,也是基础性公益性水工环工作的首要任务。