羌北地块晚石炭-早二叠世古地磁结果及构造意义

本文报道唐古拉山北坡开心岭地区的晚石炭-早二叠世地层的古地磁学研究结果.岩石磁学实验研究表明扎日根组灰岩样品中的磁性矿物以磁铁矿为主,诺日巴尕日保组砂岩样品中的磁性矿物以赤铁矿为主或磁铁矿与赤铁矿共存.采用系统热退磁方法对样品进行磁清洗,大部分样品的退磁曲线呈双分量特征,高温分量明显.高温特征分量成功通过了砾石可靠性检验,代表了地层岩石的原生剩磁信息.获得羌北地块晚石炭-早二叠世地层(16个采点127块样品)的原生剩磁分量的平均方向为Ds=30.2°,Is=-40.9°,ks=269.0,a95=2.3°;其对应的古地磁极位置为λ=25.7°N,φ=241.5°E,dp/dm=2.8/1.7,相应的古纬度为23.4°S.表明晚石炭-早二叠世时期羌北地块位于南纬低纬度地区,可能属于冈瓦纳大陆的北缘.结合前人古地磁学研究结果,该地块在其后快速北移,可能与早二叠世-晚三叠世古特提斯洋快速消亡以及新特提斯洋北支班公湖-怒江洋快速扩张相关.     

河西走廊和阿拉善东缘地区中寒武世古地磁研究的初步结果

用可西走廊和阿拉善地体东缘中寒武世15个采点107块定向岩芯样品,进行岩石磁学实验和古地磁学研究,结果表明,所采样品以磁铁矿为主要载磁矿物,高温特征分量B4组分在95%置信水平下通过了褶皱检验,其构造校正后的方向明显区别于华北地块及河西走廊和阿拉善地区志留纪以来的特征剩磁方向.这一组分对应的古地磁极位置(349.9°E,21.1°N,95%置信圆锥半顶角A95为14.9°)与华北地块同时期的极位置相近,表明河西走廊和阿拉善地体与华北地块主体之间,在中寒武世之后未发生明显的纬向相对运动;但在中寒武世-奥陶纪期间,河西走廊和阿拉善地体相对于华北地块主体仍可能发生15°左右的逆时针旋转.这一旋转作用可能代表了河西走廊和阿拉善地体与华北地块主体的增生过程,最终在晚寒武世形成统一的华北地块.     

青藏高原羌北地块晚古生代古地磁研究的初步结果

羌塘地区是解决特提斯的演化和冈瓦纳大陆与欧亚大陆界线问题的关键地区.对青藏高原羌北地块晚古生代及早三叠世剖面（33.7°N,86.7°E）15个采点163块砂岩、灰岩和安山岩定向样品进行了系统的古地磁学实验研究.结果表明：样品中主要载磁矿物为赤铁矿和磁铁矿.在逐步热退磁和热-交变混合退磁过程中,大部分样品的剩磁具有明显的双分量特征,低温分量方向在地理坐标系下接近于现代地磁场偶极子场（PEF）方向,很可能是粘滞剩磁;高温分量显著不同于PEF方向.部分样品具有单分量特征,并与双分量样品的高温分量方向一致.高温特征剩磁分量可通过95%置信度的倒转检验和99%置信度的褶皱检验,并且有岩脉检验,应代表岩石形成时的原生剩磁.羌北古地磁极位置：晚石炭世（31.8°S,45.7°E,（dp=3.9,dm=2.1））;早、中二叠世（31.7°S,46.8°E,（dp=16.9,dm=9.2））;晚二叠世（34.4°S,54.1°E,（dp=12.5,dm=6.9））;早三叠世（16.9°S,22.5°E（dp=9.2,dm=4.9））.     

四川旺苍早三叠世古地磁学结果及其大地构造学意义

对四川北部旺苍地区(32.14°106.17°)早三叠世地层进行了古地磁学和岩石磁学研究,其结果表明剩磁载磁矿物主要为磁铁矿,另有少量赤铁矿.采样地层岩石高温剩磁分量(D=45.1°,I=18.0°,a_(95)5. 9°),通过褶皱及倒转检验,表明认岩石中获得的高温分量为原生分量.由原生分量求得扬子地块早三叠世虚地磁极为:42.5°N,214.6°E(d_(p)=3.2,d_m=6.1),古纬度为9.2°.认为,华北与扬子地块在自早三叠世期间已基本拼合,现有古地磁结果支持秦岭造山带为陆内造山作用的结果     

拉萨地块中二叠统洛巴堆组岩石磁学及其地质意义

拉萨地块是研究班公湖—怒江特提斯洋和雅鲁藏布江特提斯洋演化过程的关键,但印度—亚洲大陆的碰撞可能导致拉萨地块遭受不同程度的重磁化影响,为寻找理想地层进行古地磁研究,本文对拉萨地块中二叠世洛巴堆组砂岩、火山岩及灰岩样品进行详细的岩石磁学研究,以确定各类岩石是否具备记录原生剩磁信息的能力．结果表明砂岩样品中主要载磁矿物为磁黄铁矿,火山岩及灰岩样品中主要为磁铁矿或赤铁矿．结合区域地质资料和部分样品退磁实验,本文认为砂岩样品可能遭受林子宗群火山和岩浆活动所提供的区域热扰动影响,记录了古近系重磁化信息;火山岩和灰岩样品可能记录了岩石形成时期的原生剩磁信息,有望从中获得可靠古地磁数据．     

羌北地块中-晚侏罗世雁石坪群古地磁新结果

本文报道青藏高原羌北地区中-晚侏罗世雁石坪群古地磁新结果.对采自青海省格尔木市唐古拉山乡雁石坪剖面(33.6°N, 92.1°E)11个灰岩采点(118块)和10个碎屑岩采点(99块)定向样品系统古地磁学研究表明,大部分样品的退磁曲线具有双分量特征.低温分量方向在地理坐标系下较为集中,应该为地层褶皱之后的黏滞剩磁.高温特征剩磁分量方向可分为两类:(1)索瓦组(J₃s)和布曲组(J₂b)灰岩,以磁铁矿为主要载磁矿物,高温特征剩磁分量(D_s=355.7°,I_s=42.1°,k=58.2,α₉₅=6°)可通过99%置信度的褶皱检验.(2)雪山组(J₂x)和雀莫错组(J₂q)碎屑岩,以赤铁矿、磁铁矿为主要载磁矿物,高温特征剩磁分量(D_s=3.3°,I_s=28.9°,k=30.7,α₉₅=8.9°)可通过95%置信度的倒转检验和99%置信度的褶皱检验.两组分量都应该是岩石形成时的原生剩磁信息.碎屑岩组的磁倾角比灰岩组偏低13°左右,其剩磁方向很可能存在着与压实作用相关的剩磁倾角变浅的状况.本文取灰岩组平均磁化方向作为雁石坪群的原生剩磁分量,获得羌北地区雁石坪群古磁极位置:80.0°N,295.2°E(dp/dm=7.4/4.5).古地磁结果表明,羌北-昌都地区晚石炭-晚二叠世期间位于南纬中低纬度地区,早三叠世以后开始大规模北向漂移,至中-晚侏罗世已到达24.3°N.其快速北向运动主要发生在早三叠至早侏罗世期间(3500 km左右),与现今位置相比中晚侏罗世之后的北向迁移总量为900 km左右.     

羌北地块早-中志留世古地磁学初步研究结果及其构造意义

本文报道羌北地块早-中志留世龙木措组灰岩古地磁研究初步结果,据此探讨羌北地块早-中志留世的古位置及其起源问题.在日土县龙木措北岸(34.4°N,80.3°E)龙木措组中采集了10个采点,共125块古地磁独立定向样品.岩相学与岩石磁学结果表明样品中主要载磁矿物为磁铁矿.系统热退磁与交变退磁显示,退磁曲线具有双分量或单分量...     

塔里木地块库车坳陷早白垩世古地磁结果及磁倾角偏低的成因探讨

运用主成分分离及线性区段等方法 ,使早白垩世样品明显分离出二组磁组分 .叠加剩磁为喜山期重磁化 ,特征剩磁明显偏离现代地磁场方向 ,经倾斜校正后 ,有很好的一致性并通过了倒转检验 ,给出塔里木地块库车坳陷早白垩世巴西盖组古地磁新数据 .综合已有的古地磁结果 ,获得了塔里木地块早白垩世平均剩磁方向及平均古地磁极 ,阐明了塔里木地块早白垩世磁倾角明显偏低这一现象 .分析导致磁倾角偏低的诸多因素 ,认为压实作用可能是导致磁倾角偏低的重要因素之一 .     

塔里木地块库车坳陷早日垩世古地磁结果及磁倾角偏低的成因探讨

运用主成分分离及线性区段等方法，使早白垩世样品明显分离出二线磁组分。叠加剩磁为喜山期重磁化，特征乘磁明显偏离现代地磁场方向，经倾斜校正后，有很好的一致性并通过了倒转换检验，给出塔里木地块库车坳陷早白垩世巴西盖组古地磁亲数据。综合已有的古地磁结果，获得了塔里木地块早白垩世平均剩磁方向及平均古地磁极，阐明了塔里木地块早白垩世磁倾角偏低这一现象，分析导致磁倾角偏低的诸多因素，认为压实作用可能是导致磁倾角偏低的重要因素之一。     

印欧大陆碰撞前亚洲大陆南缘古位置再研究:林周盆地上白垩统红层的古地磁新结果

拉萨地块林周盆地白垩系红层的古地磁数据一直都有较大争议.过去认为磁倾角变浅可能是造成这些分歧的主要原因.我们在林周盆地设兴组背斜两翼进行了系统的古地磁采样,15个采样点的特征剩磁分量在倾斜校正和倾伏褶皱校正后平均方向为D=339.3°,I=22.9°(α_(95)=5.1°).特征剩磁分量在大约69%展开时获得最大集中,表明其为同褶皱重磁化;此时平均方向为D=339.1°,I=27.3°(α_(95)=4.1°),对应的古地磁极为65.4°N,327.5°E(A_(95)=3.5°),参考点29.3°N/88.5°E的古纬度为15.0°N±3.5°.薄片镜下分析显示赤铁矿为次生矿物,岩石磁组构(AMS)也表现为过渡型构造变形组构.样品的特征剩磁方向应为重磁化的结果,E/I(elongation vs inclination)校正法显示特征剩磁方向并没有发生倾角变浅.根据区域构造,重磁化时代约为72.4±1.8 Ma到64.4±0.6 Ma.综合考虑拉萨地块东西部的古地磁数据以及地震层析成像资料后我们认为,碰撞前拉萨地块大约呈NW-SE向准线性分布,并处于~10°N-15.0°N;自~70 Ma以来,拉萨地块与稳定欧亚大陆之间至少存在1200±400 km(11.1°±3.5°)的南北向构造缩短量;印度大陆与欧亚大陆的碰撞不应晚于55 Ma.     

Paleomagnetic direction obtained by strain removal in the Pyrenean Permian redbeds at the “Col du Somport” (France)

In order to investigate the possibility and limitations of paleomagnetic works within strained regions, a paleomagnetic study, related with strain analysis has been conducted in the deformed Pyrenean Permian redbeds in the “Col du Somport” area. Paleomagnetic sampling together with strain estimates have been conducted in 6 sites through a fold. The results obtained by measuring the orientation and axial ratios of elliptical reduction spots show that (1) the shale beds have undergone a penetrative strain, (2) the sandy beds can be regarded as tectonically unstrained with reduction spots flattened in the bedding, showing that they recorded the compaction. It is shown that the total strain recorded in the slaty beds probably results from the superimposition of tectonic strain upon the compaction fabric. The paleomagnetic study shows that the primary pretectonic magnetization is widely overprinted by a secondary syn- or post-tectonic magnetic component. As both components appear to be carried by hematite pigment, their separation using classical demagnetization procedures has been difficult. A characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) has however been determined, when possible, as the hardest component in demagnetization curves. Then, the ChRM direction distributions are represented in stereographic density plots. Although these ChRM directions exhibit a clear tendency towards SE declinations and shallow inclinations, characteristic of Permian paleomagnetic field direction for the Iberian plate, the tilt correction does not induce a clustering of these directions. Strain is inferred to be responsible for this situation. Assuming that both pretectonic magnetization directions and bedding planes closely follow the material plane and line strain response model of March [1], an attempt has been made to remove the effect of strain upon the remanent magnetization. It is shown that when using a reconstructed tectonic strain tensor (i.e., the total strain tensor as measured in the field, corrected for an estimated compaction) we obtain a significant clustering of ChRM directions. The computation of the relevant VGP, gives a pole position (210.5°E, 42.0°N) compatible with the reference APWP for the Iberian plate. It is therefore inferred that the strain removal technique is a usable tool in order to obtain paleomagnetic results within such strained rocks.     

Paleomagnetic results of Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks from Xingshan-Zigui section in Hubei Province, South China

The paleomagnetic reconnaissance study of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks from the Yangtze Block (YZB) was made to conduct the Apparent Polar Wander Path (APWP) of the YZB during the Phanerozoic. A total of 825 samples from 84 sites were collected from a continuous section along the Xiangxi River valley in Xingshan and Zigui counties in Hubei Province, northern margin of the YZB. Stepwise thermal/alternating demagnetization isolated well defined characteristic magnetization (ChRM) at a higher temperature in most of the samples, and relatively thermal stability and high coercivity were revealed from these samples. All the ChRMs can pass the fold and/or reversal tests, suggesting that they are probably primary. Therefore, new pole positions are presented for the YZB. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49334050).     

河西走廊早新生代红层次生剩磁及其对原生剩磁影响评价

系统研究了河西走廊火烧沟组陆相红层200个采点岩石的热退磁行为和17个代表性样品的岩石磁学特征,结果表明有102个采点可以分离出A、B、C三个剩磁分量,有82个采点只有一个分量(C分量),16个采点只能分离出A、B分量.A、B分量分别由针铁矿和磁赤铁矿携带,C分量在砂岩中由磁铁矿携带,在泥质砂岩和泥岩中由磁铁矿和赤铁矿共同携带.A、B分量剩磁方向随机分布,不能获得置信水平的古地磁平均方向,为次生剩磁.它们的存在并不影响岩石原生剩磁的分离,也不影响原生剩磁信号的稳定性和获得的古地磁数据的可靠性.16个砂岩采点中不能分离出C分量,是由于后生的赤铁矿彻底改变了由磁铁矿携带的原生剩磁组分,在高密度采样的情况下剔除这些采点并不影响古地磁极性柱的构建和解释.     

A late diagenetic (syn-folding) magnetization carried by pyrrhotite: implications for paleomagnetic studies from magnetic iron sulphide-bearing sediments

Paleomagnetic, rock magnetic, and sedimentary micro-textural data from an early Miocene mudstone sequence exposed in Okhta River, Sakhalin, Russia, indicate the presence of pyrrhotite and magnetite at different stratigraphic levels. Sites that contain only magnetite have a reversed polarity characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) with a low-coercivity overprint, which coincides with the present-day geomagnetic field direction. Pyrrhotite-bearing sites have stable normal polarity ChRMs that are significantly different from the present-day field direction. After correction for bedding tilt, the ChRM data fail a reversals test. However, the normal polarity pyrrhotite ChRM directions become antipodal to the tilt-corrected magnetite ChRM directions and are consistent with the expected geocentric axial dipole field direction at the site latitude after 40% partial unfolding. These data suggest that the pyrrhotite magnetization was acquired during folding and after lock-in of the magnetite remanences. Electron microscope observations of polished sections indicate that fluid-associated halos surround iron sulphide nodules. Pyrrhotite is present in randomly oriented laths in and around the nodules, and the nodules do not appear to have been deformed by sediment compaction. This observation is consistent with a late diagenetic origin of pyrrhotite. Documentation of a late diagenetic magnetization in pyrrhotite-bearing sediments here, and in recent studies of greigite-bearing sediments, suggests that care should be taken to preclude a late origin of magnetic iron sulphides before using such sediments for geomagnetic studies where it is usually crucial to establish a syn-depositional magnetization.     

Rock magnetic properties of Nihewan sediments at Xujiayao

Rock magnetic measurements of Nihewan sediments from Xujiayao section demonstrate that magnetite, hematite and maghemite are dominant remanent magnetization carriers. Monitoring the variations of magnetic susceptibility (MS) and saturating isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) at low temperature are the attractive ways of detecting the presence of magnetite, maghemitization and superparamagnetic grain sizes. Low-temperature MS investigations suggest that susceptibility enhancement for Xujiayao samples is mainly due to the remarkable presence of SD/MD magnetite to some degree though some magnetite grains have been partially oxidized at some depths. It is tentatively concluded that both SD/MD magnetite and hematite are of detrital origin and carry a characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM), whereas maghemite can be attributed to be chemical origin, overprinting a reversed polarity component of Matuyama age.     

鲁科一井上白垩统沉积岩岩石磁学和天然剩磁分析:兼论利用剩磁方向恢复钻孔岩芯原始方位的可行性

本文对"鲁科一井"(CCSD-LK-Ⅰ)768.9~1112.3m之间的上白垩统沉积岩样品进行了岩石磁学、磁化率各向异性(AMS)以及天然剩磁组分的研究.在此基础上,分析了利用特征剩磁(ChRM)和黏滞剩磁(VRM)方向恢复岩芯原始方位的可行性.三轴等温剩磁热退磁曲线、磁滞回线、反向场退磁曲线、一阶反转曲线等岩石磁学测量结果表明,沉积岩的主要载磁矿物为磁铁矿和赤铁矿.335块样品的AMS测量结果表明磁化率椭球主轴的最大轴K1和中间轴K2与水平面夹角较小,最小轴K3接近垂直于水平面分布,说明沉积岩保留了原始沉积磁组构特征.系统热退磁实验表明,多数样品在25~350℃和500~690℃温度段分别获得VRM和ChRM分量.利用ChRM偏角方向,并考虑构造旋转量校正,对VRM偏角方向进行恢复,Fisher统计得到DVRM=-1.3°,IVRM=59.6°,与当地现代地磁场方向(D=-6.7°,I=53.9°)基本一致.用ChRM偏角方向对磁化率主轴K1偏角方向进行校正,校正的结果为:D_(ch_K1)=349.2°,I_(ch_K1)=-0.7°.本文研究结果对于地质勘探中利用古地磁学方法恢复钻孔岩芯原始方位具有一定参考意义.     

Paleomagnetism of the Upper Vendian Basu formation of the Bashkirian Meganticlinorium revisited

We have carried out paleomagnetic studies of the Upper Vendian sedimentary rocks from the Bashkirian Meganticlinorium (Southern Ural). The rocks were sampled at three localities spread over more than 100 km. Totally, more than 300 samples were collected from about 40 sampling sites. Stepwise thermal demagnetization up to 700°C revealed a stable component of magnetization of either polarity in 25 sites. The fold test and the reversal test for this component are positive, which is usually regarded as a sound argument in favor of the primary origin of magnetization. However, the Basu paleomagnetic pole (longitude 187.3°E, latitude 1.1°N) is located near the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian segment of the apparent polar wander path for Baltica, which might indicate a Paleozoic remagnetization of Vendian rocks. In this work we analyze different interpretations of the obtained results and evaluate the reliability of the Late Riphean and Vendian paleomagnetic data for Baltica.     

泰国Khorat盆地二叠纪石灰岩的重磁化研究

泰国Ｋｈｏｒａｔ盆地西部的晚二叠世石灰岩的古地磁研究表明磁铁矿为稳定剩磁的主要载体多组分磁分量分离技术揭示了高温磁组分（或高矫顽力）具有呈对分布的正、反极性．但是，应用逐渐展平岩层法可以发现各采样点的平均特征磁化方向在岩层展平至３０％时．磁化方向最为集中．这一发现表明二叠纪石灰岩中所揭示出的磁化方向很可能形成于褶皱（期）过程中．野外观察表明，二叠纪石灰岩在印支期发生强烈褶皱并被晚三叠世湖相石灰岩角度不整合覆盖．所以二叠纪石灰岩的重磁化很可能发生在中、晚三叠世的印支期．这些石灰岩样品切片后经显微镜、扫描电镜和电子探针分析，次生磁铁矿多数与方解石微晶和铁质碳酸钙粒共生，且多分布在方解石脉附近．重磁化很可能是由于印支期造山运动时，铁质碳酸钙受碳水化合物流体的蚀变作用所引起的。