基于数值模拟模型研究滨海化工企业地下水环境影响预测评价

随着我国经济的快速发展,加大了滨海地区的开发强度,化工、医药、农药等行业在滨海地区迅猛发展。滨海地区复杂的地下水、地表水与海水之间的水力联系使地下水环境影响评价成为项目环评的难点。本文以某化工企业为例,通过构建研究区地下水数值模拟模型,利用观测水位校正模型,耦合污染物运移方程模拟预测评价了滨海地区地下水环境影响。同时针对评价过程中弥散度尺度效应现象,提供了一种评价方法。研究表明随时间的增加,污染物COD和甲苯中心浓度逐渐升高,迁移距离逐渐增加,污染范围不断扩大。随着弥散度的不断增加,污染物COD和甲苯中心浓度逐渐下降,迁移距离和超标范围不断扩大。通过模拟不同弥散度下污染物迁移规律,有利于企业加强地下水管理和判断可能发生的污染现象。     

安康某铅锌矿开采对地下水环境影响评价分析

环境影响评价制度是我国环境保护工作当中一项重要制度,而金属矿山开采中重金属污染及矿坑排水对地下水水质影响很大。为保护地下水环境,铅锌矿开采前进行地下水环境影响评价研究是十分必要的。本文以陕西安康某铅锌矿为例,依据《环境影响评价技术导则地下水环境》(HJ610-2016),在识别地下水环境影响和确定地下水环境影响评价工作等级的前提下,对该评价区从水文地质条件、水质水位调查和水文地质勘察试验三方面开展地下水环境评价研究,预测评价铅锌矿开采对地下水水质可能造成的直接影响,提出应加强铅锌矿运行期污染防控措施和地下水的长期观测,有针对性的制定出地下水环境影响监测计划和应急预案,保证该矿区范围内地下水水质安全。     

华南西部滨海湿地调查及主要成果

通过遥感、单波束测量、地质取样、海水取样、钻探、地下水采集与监测等多种调查手段及工作方法,首次在我国华南西部开展1∶10万滨海湿地地质调查与生态环境评价工作,对滨海湿地类型及分布、滨海海域地形地貌、沉积物环境质量、海水环境质量、生态地质演化、地下水化学要素进行综合分析与研究。项目系统查明了该区滨海湿地类型、分布、生态环境现状及其主要影响因素,对湿地生态地质环境质量进行了综合评价,构建了华南西部滨海湿地地质调查技术方法体系和生态地质环境综合评价体系,提出了滨海湿地保护和恢复的建议,为后续我国南方滨海湿地调查提供了示范。     

浅析煤炭开采的地下水环境影响与评价

分析煤炭开采对地下水水质、水量和水平衡等方面的影响。结合《环境影响评价技术导则地下水环境》(HJ610-2011),讨论煤炭开采的地下水环境影响评价相关内容。提出煤炭开采的地下水环境影响评价按Ⅱ类项目执行,评价级别为二级及以上,必要时,可依据项目特征、影响程度等因素,对井区(Ⅱ类)和排矸石场等(Ⅰ类)进行分区评价;监测、评价因子选择应综合考虑常规指标、国家和地方控制污染物指标以及煤炭行业特征污染因子等建议。     

水库枢纽地下水环境影响评价与保护探讨——以凤凰湖调蓄水库工程为例

水利工程对地下水环境的影响主要在于地下水水位和水质两大方面,需要分别针对工程建设期和运行期是否会对地下水环境产生影响进行研究论证。目前水利工程地下水环境影响研究相对较少。本文以凤凰湖调蓄水库地下水环境影响评价为例,确定了水库地下水环境影响评价等级为三级,针对水库运行期间从地下水水位和水质两大方面进行了研究区域地下水环境影响预测与评价,并结合评价结果给出了凤凰湖调蓄水库地下水环境保护对策与措施。     

吉林中西部地区石油开采环境影响评价过程存在的问题及解决措施

吉林中西部地区为吉林油田的主要分布区,该地区不仅有大量的石油天然气储量,同时也分布重要的自然保护区、水源保护区等敏感保护目标。随着国家环境影响评价技术导则的逐渐完善,石油开采项目的环境影响评价也日趋规范。本文对该区域石油开采项目环境影响评价工作中存在的问题进行总结,旨在为提高环境影响评价工作质量,切实可行的保护该区域的生态环境质量提供依据。     

煤矿地下水环境影响评价中常见问题的探讨

《环境影响评价技术导则地下水环境》(HJ610-2011)的颁布与实施,对规范煤炭工业建设项目地下水环境影响评价工作,提高地下水环境影响评价的技术水平具有十分重要的意义。然而自导则颁布以来,业内对地下水评价工作的技术难度存在不同的理解,尤其是煤炭行业项目类型较多,对地下水环境的扰动特点及复杂程度不一。从地下水评价的四个方面:分类定级、现状调查评价、影响预测、预防措施逐一进行分析,提出每项工作中常见的问题和难点,并给出相应的理解和建议,期待可以提高地下水评价工作的科学性和合理性。     

曲堤煤矿开采对地下水环境影响评价研究

为了保护曲堤煤矿地下水环境,进行煤矿开采对地下水环境影响评价研究是十分必要的。依据地下水环境评价导则,在分析煤矿区地下水水质、水文地质条件等资料的基础上,进行了地下水环境现状评价,预测评价了煤矿开采对地下水环境的影响,提出了地下水环境保护措施。研究成果有关部门进行地下水环境管理提供科学依据。     

用地下水潮汐效应确定潜水含水层水文地质参数

目前对潜水含水层地下水潮汐效应和水文地质参数求解方法的研究相对较少.通过对福建古雷半岛滨海潜水含水层地下水潮汐效应和海水潮汐动态的观测, 运用Fourier频谱分析方法确定了研究区海水潮汐波动方程(波动特征参数), 并以此作为地下水的边界条件, 推导了潜水含水层地下水潮汐效应的波动方程, 利用最小二乘法以地下水水位波动观测值为目标函数对潜水含水层的渗透系数与重力给水度的比值进行了反演识别, 为类似地区水文地质参数的确定提供了借鉴, 也为该区后续地下水中溶质迁移规律的研究奠定了基础.      

北方地下取水工程的环境影响评价方法探讨

结合从事取水工程环评及管理工作的经验,简要介绍了北方地下水资源的特点,及不同勘探程度工作成果的基本内容,同时介绍了该类工程环境影响评价的进展;就该类项目与规划的协调性、不同类型水源地的评价深度及卫生防护带划分等方面的评价方法、评价内容等进行了讨论;以已完成的该类工程的环境影响评价成果作为案例,说明实际工作中应根据项目类型及所处地区的不同,确定相应的评价重点与评价内容,最后简要展望了此类项目的发展趋势,并提出了今后工作的建议。      

Evaluation of groundwater quality and pollution in Daqing Oilfield

Daqing Oilfield is located in the northeast of Songnen Plain in Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province, which is a petrochemical industry gathering place based on petroleum refining, chemical industry, chemical fiber and fertilizer. In recent years, the quantity demand of petroleum and petrochemical production for groundwater in Daqing Oilfield is growing, and it’s of great significance to analyze and study the quality and pollution degree of groundwater for groundwater exploitation, utilization and protection. In this paper, groundwater quality of Daqing Oilfield evaluated by Nemerow Index is poor, and most points are Class IV groundwater; When evaluating groundwater pollution by hierarchical ladder method, the results show that the severe and extremely severe pollution points account for 34.48% in shallow phreatic water and 20% in deep confined water, showing that shallow groundwater is more seriously polluted than the deep. The main components influencing the quality of groundwater in the study area are total hardness, total dissolved solids, Cl-, SO42- and so on, which are affected by both the native environment and human activities; The main pollution components in groundwater are nitrite and nitrate nitrogen which are affected by human activities. Daqing Oilfield groundwater pollution is characterized by inorganic pollution, while organic components related to human activities contribute less to the groundwater pollution currently.     

Characteristics of Oil Contamination and Numerical Modelling of Its Transport in Fracture-Karst Water in Zibo City,China

In this paper, the hydraulic characteristics of the fracture-karst aquifer and the distribution patterns of petrochemical contaminants are studied. Then, a numerical model using the mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian approach is constructed to predict the distribution and transport of petrochemical compounds in groundwater. The results of numerical modelling and sensitivity analysis show that it may be a workable way for aquifer remediation to combine contamination sources control and capture zone establishment.     

珠江三角洲地区顺德——民众地段地下水有机污染来源分析

自从50年代石油化工大规模发展以来,水体中的有机污染物对人类健康的危害日益加剧。从地下水质量与污染源两方面对顺德-民众地段地下水进行了有机污染来源分析。     

某石化污染场地含水层自然降解BTEX能力评估

地下水污染问题是国家关注的重要环境问题之一,监测与评估含水层自然降解污染物能力是防治地下水污染的基本手段,也是国外地下水中修复技术研究热点课题。以华北平原某石油化工类场地为案例,通过调查场地水文地质条件、土壤及地下水污染现状,监测场地地下水中苯系物(BTEX)浓度及相关化学参数变化,运用微生物水文地球化学方法和水文地质方法,估算了该场地含水层自然降解苯系物量。这一研究成果为评估我国石油类场地地下水污染的自然修复能力提供了实证和基础数据。     

Transformations and hydraulic captures of petrochemical contaminants in a karst-fractured aquifer

 The development of a petrochemical industry may be responsible for petrochemical contamination of karst-fractured aquifers in an urban water supply system. In the Dawu Well Field, a karst-fractured aquifer in Zibo City, in the east of China, has been seriously polluted by petrochemicals from the operation of petrochemical plants. More than 60 species of organic contaminants have been detected in the water supply wells of the Liuhang-Hougao zone, in the west part of Dawu Well Field. Investigations indicate that contaminants are transported from the petrochemical plants to the karst-fractured aquifer along karst fractures and the Jinling Fault. In the groundwater, concentrations of pollutants vary with depth. Concentrations are greater with depth because of the transmissibility of the Jinling fault. The local convective flow field has a significant influence on transportation of contaminants. Hydraulic barriers can prevent the transportation of contaminants and they can be removed by extraction. Received: 22 October 1999 · Accepted: 14 February 2000     

鲁北平原浅层地下水有机污染特征及污染来源分析

本文在对鲁北平原水文地质条件及污染源现状分析的基础上,对浅层地下水进行了高密度的样品采集、高精度的污染物组分测试及污染程度研究,分析研究结果表明:鲁北平原浅层地下水在部分地区受到有机物污染,污染程度总体较低,个别地区出现中度污染和重度污染。检出的有机污染物共13种,个别有机物含量高。浅层地下水污染区的分布及污染程度,与油田采油区位置及石油化工企业的分布具有相关性。     

大武水源地断裂带关键水动力参数确定及污染防治对策

大武水源地地处山东省淄博市,区内建有某大型石化基地。水源地断裂带附近地下水曾受到来自地面石油化工污染物影响,亟需针对性治理修复。精准确定开采背景下岩溶水的实际流向、径流速度和渗透系数等关键参数是污染治理研究的关键。基于国际新兴的井孔地下水胶体探测技术,在该水源地断裂带污染段布设7眼探测孔,开展21个层位的原位系列探测,应用优势流理论和地质统计学方法确定关键水动力参数。结果表明:（1）大武岩溶水源地断裂带附近含水层强径流层位（易污染段）位于奥陶系八陡组下部（O_2-3b）至奥陶系阁庄组（O₂g）上部地层,65 m以浅的侧向流入补给是该水源地岩溶地下水污染的主要来源;（2）该水源地断裂带附近岩溶地下水具有多元质点流向,不同区段或层位实际水流方向和流速差异较大,揭示了断裂带对水源地的非单一层位影响,指明了水力屏障井混合开采的不利影响;（3）建议调整水力屏障井的抽排层位与强度,加强70 m以浅的抽排强度,使得SW95正西方向上的径流流速明显小于50.30 m/d;减小80~110 m深度的抽排强度,使得SW99正西方向上的径流流速明显小于49.38 m/d。     

地下水区域环境评价的几个问题

在进行区域环境评价时,对地下水环境的评价应当占有相当的地位。文章作者主要探讨了： (1)对一个区域进行战略环境评价时,应当考虑当地的水资源和水环境条件,不能因为新上 建设项目造成当地居民生活质量的下降。(2)正确处理少占耕地和保护水源的矛盾,既要保 护耕地,也要保护水源。(3)当河水与地下水有水力联系时,即使污水是达标排放的,也可 能引起地下水的污染,使之不符合供水标准。对于此种情况应当慎重对待。(4)探讨了地下 水污染源调查的要点。正确地认识和解决上述问题,有助于提高区域环境评价的质量。     

PAHs contamination in groundwater from a part of metropolitan city,India: a study based on sampling over a 10-year period

Presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil and water is of serious environmental concern as they are carcinogenic in nature. The present study was carried out with an aim to identify the presence of PAHs in groundwater of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. This is an industrialised area where petrochemical storage tanks are located. Groundwater sampling was carried out in the years 2001, 2011 and 2012 to understand the variation in PAHs content in this area. Concentration of major ions, pH and EC were measured during the year 2001. Of the 24 groundwater samples collected in the year 2001, most of them were alkaline and 62.5 % were not permissible for drinking based on pH and EC, respectively. Influence of seawater was the major reason for the Na–Cl dominant nature of groundwater. TPH and PAHs analysis of groundwater carried out in 2001 and 2011, and physical examination of groundwater in 2012 indicate the increased level of contamination in the eastern part of the study area. The contamination in the eastern part persists because of the fact that groundwater is flowing towards the east and also due to the presence of petrochemical storage tanks near the coast. Thus this area is affected by PAHs pollution which has endured over the past 50 years. An underground storage tank that was functioning in this area was closed about 50 years ago and leakage of PAHs from this tank was reported in the year 1993. However, the present study indicates the decrease in the area of zone of pollution, possibly due to natural flushing of groundwater zone.     

Environmental impact of uncontrolled waste disposal in mining and industrial areas in Central Germany

The present-day landscape in Central Germany, in particular the region of Leipzig, Halle and Bitterfeld, is characterized by the scars of former industrial activities. Vast districts have been devastated by lignite strip mining. Industrial and domestic waste, residues from ore smelting, and highly toxic waste products from petrochemical plants and pesticide production were deposited in abandoned pits near population centers. The chief effects of waste on the environment are the contamination of groundwater by dissolved pollutants, the acidification of soil and water by the oxidation of pyrite-containing mining waste, and the salinization of shallow aquifers by rising brines from adjacent confined groundwater affected by mining. The consequences for the region are serious: mining lakes used for recreational purposes are contaminated by leachates from adjacent waste dumps. Pyrite-containing refuse from lignite mining under oxidation gives rise to the acidification of surface and groundwater, a basic condition for pollutant mobilization. In former metal mining districts, metalliferous and radioactive residues from smelting jeopardize public health. These effects are described in detail using three case studies. Received: 30 July 1996 · Accepted: 24 February 1997