Geochemical Features and Sources of Metasedimentary Rocks of the Western Part of the Tukuringra Terrane of the Mongol–Okhotsk Fold Belt

This work presents the results of geological, geochemical, Sm–Nd isotope-geochemical studies of metasedimentary rocks of the Teploklyuchevskaya, Garmakan, and Algaja formations of the Tukuringra Terrane of the eastern part of the Mongol–Okhotsk fold belt, as well as U–Th–Pb geochronological (LA-ICP-MS) studies of detrital zircons from these rocks. It is established that the lower age boundary of formation of the protolith of metasedimentary rocks of the Teploklyuchevskaya Formation is about 243 Ma (Middle Triassic); those of the Garmakan and Algaja formations are ~175 Ma (Lower–Middle Jurassic boundary) and ~192 Ma (Lower Jurassic), respectively. This makes it possible to correlate the Teploklyuchevskaya, Garmakan, and Algaja formations with the youngest sedimentary complexes of the eastern part of the Mongol–Okhotsk fold belt. In terms of geochemistry, the protoliths of metasedimentary rocks of the above-mentioned formations are the most similar to sedimentary rocks of island arcs and active continental margins. The source terrigenous material was transported from the southern frame of the Mongol–Okhotsk fold belt. It is not improbable that Lower Mesozoic deposits of the western part of the Tukuringra Terrane, in particular, and the eastern part of the Mongol–Okhotsk fold belt, as a whole, are relics of residual basins, preserved in “gaps” in the collision zone between the southern margin of plates of the North Asian Craton and the Amur Superterrane.     

Zircon trace element characteristics and ages in granulite xenoliths: a key to understanding the age and origin of the lower crust,Arkhangelsk kimberlite province,Russia

Garnet granulite and pyroxenite xenoliths from the Grib kimberlite pipe (Arkhangelsk, NW Russia) represent the lower crust beneath Russian platform in close vicinity to the cratonic region of the north-eastern Baltic (Fennoscandian) Shield. Many of the xenoliths have experienced strong interaction with the kimberlite host, but in others some primary granulite-facies minerals are preserved. Calculated bulk compositions for the granulites suggest that their protoliths were basic to intermediate igneous rocks; pyroxenites were ultrabasic to basic cumulates. A few samples are probably metasedimentary in origin. Zircons are abundant in the xenoliths; they exhibit complex zoning in cathodoluminescence with relic cores and various metamorphic rims. Cores include oscillatory zircon crystallized in magmatic protoliths, and metamorphic and magmatic sector-zoned zircons. Recrystallization of older zircons led to the formation of bright homogeneous rims. In some samples, homogeneous shells are surrounded by darker convoluted overgrowths that were formed by subsolidus growth when a change in mineral association occurred. The source of Zr was a phase consumed during a reaction, which produced garnet. Late-generation zircons in all xenoliths show concordant U–Pb ages of 1.81–1.84 Ga (1,826 ± 11 Ma), interpreted as the age of last granulite-facies metamorphism. This event completely resets most zircon cores. An earlier metamorphic event at 1.96–1.94 Ga is recorded by some rare cores, and a few magmatic oscillatory zircons have retained a Neoarchaean age of 2,719 ± 14 Ma. The assemblage of metaigneous and metasedimentary rocks was probably formed before the event at 1.96 Ga. Inherited magmatic zircons indicate the existence of continental crust by the time of intrusion of magmatic protoliths in the Late Archaean. The U–Pb zircon ages correspond to major events recorded in upper crustal rocks of the region: collisional metamorphism and magmatism 2.7 Ga ago and reworking of Archaean rocks at around 1.95–1.75 Ga. However, formation of the granulitic paragenesis in lower crustal rocks occurred significantly later than the last granulite-facies event seen in the upper crust and correlates instead with retrograde metamorphism and small-volume magmatism in the upper crust.     

郯庐断裂带南段张八岭群地层时代的重新厘定

扬子板块东北缘的浅变质岩被认为是三叠纪大陆俯冲过程中从扬子板块剥离而来的,其原岩主要为新元古代中期岩浆岩和沉积岩,是理解扬子板块东北缘新元古代构造演化的重要对象。郯庐断裂带张八岭隆起北段夹持于大别造山带和苏鲁造山带之间,出露一套绿片岩相—低角闪岩变火山—沉积序列,即由西冷组变火山岩和北将军组变碎屑岩组成的张八岭群。然而,西冷组与北将军组之间的关系和张八岭群的形成时代都尚存在争议。为此,本文对张八岭群开展了详细的野外地质调查和MC-LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年工作。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,西冷组顶部石英角斑岩的原岩时代为723±7 Ma;北将军组底部变粉砂岩的碎屑锆石年龄变化于916～614 Ma之间,与西冷组、肥东杂岩内新元古代岩浆活动时间相一致,暗示它们的物质主要由西冷组和肥东杂岩提供,其中,最年轻碎屑锆石谐和年龄（677±12 Ma）限定了北将军组沉积时代下限。结合野外地质特征和前人张八岭群上覆震旦系盖层沉积初始时间（635 Ma）,本文认为北将军组的沉积时限为677～635 Ma,是覆盖于西冷组之上的中新元古代晚期沉积地层。对比研究显示,张八岭群可能是扬子东北缘新元古代中期裂谷火山—沉积岩系的重要组成部分。     

Age of the Ilikan Sequence from the Stanovoi Complex of the Dzhugdzhur-Stanovoi Superterrane, Central-Asian Foldbelt

This paper presents the results of Sm-Nd isotopic-geochemical and U-Pb geochronological studies of metamorphic (Ilikan Sequence) and associated igneous rocks from the Ilikan lithotectonic zone (terrane) located in the Dzhugdzhur-Stanovoi Superterrane from the Central Asian Foldbelt. The Nd model age, T _Nd(DM), of metamorphic rocks from the Ilikan Sequence is 2.6–3.2 Ga pointing to the likelihood that the lower boundary of their protolith formation probably does not exceed 2.6 Ga. The age of detrital zircons from metasedimentary rocks of the Ilikan Sequence is 2700–2900 Ma, which absolutely agrees with Sm-Nd isotopic-geochemical results. The U-Pb zircon age of metagabbro that intruded the rocks of the Ilikan Sequence and underwent high-temperature amphibolite metamophism with subsequent structural transformations is 2635 ± 4 Ma. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the age of the Ilikan Sequence is 2630–2700 Ma. All this gives grounds to state that the Dzhugdzhur-Stanovoi Superterrane in the Central Asian Foldbelt was formed due to amalgamation of non-Siberian terranes as is assumed for the Argun, Bureya, and Mamynskii terranes of the Amur Superterrane from the Central Asian Foldbelt.     

Geochronology and geochemistry of metasedimentary rocks from the Dongnancha Formation in the Huadian area,central Jilin Province,Northeast (NE) China: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the eastern segment of the Paleo-Asian Ocean

To constrain the tectonic evolution of the eastern segment of the Paleo-Asian Ocean, we conducted zircon U–Pb-Hf dating and whole-rock geochemical analyses for metasedimentary rocks from the Dongnancha Formation in the Huadian area in central Jilin Province, Northeastern (NE) China. Most detrital zircons from the metasedimentary rocks display clear oscillatory zoning and striped absorption in cathodoluminescence (CL) images and have Th/U ratios of 0.1–1.8, thus indicating a magmatic origin. U–Pb isotopic dating using LA-ICP-MS method for zircon samples from the metasedimentary rocks reveals that the depositional age can be constrained to the period between 250 and 222 Ma. Geochemical data reveal low to intermediate degrees of weathering of the source material and compositionally low to intermediate maturity. Detailed analyses of detrital zircon U–Pb-Hf geochronology and geochemistry show that these metasedimentary rocks are derived from a bidirectional provenance. The predominant derivation is from Permian–Early Triassic felsic-intermediate igneous rocks of central Jilin Province and adjacent regions in the northern margin of the North China Craton, although felsic-intermediate igneous rocks and continental material in the eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt from the Cambrian–Carboniferous represent additional sources and minor amounts of Paleoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic material have been input from the North China Craton. A number of geochemical indicators and tectonic discrimination diagrams collectively indicate a continental island arc-active continental margin setting for the deposition of the protoliths of the metasedimentary rocks. The results of geochemical and geochronological analyses of the provenance and tectonic setting of the metasedimentary rocks indicate that the Dongnancha Formation was likely deposited in an intermountain basin in a post-orogenic fast uplift setting, suggesting that the final closure of the eastern segment of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in the Huadian area of central Jinlin Province likely occurred between the Early Triassic and Middle Triassic.     

滇中地区昆阳群物源及构造环境

昆阳群的形成时代、沉积环境、源岩性质等一直存在较大争议,为了查明滇中地区昆阳群的物源及其形成的构造环境,文章在分析昆阳群沉积组合和沉积相的基础上,对昆阳群3件变质砂岩样品中的碎屑锆石进行LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄测定,对昆阳群20件极低级变质碎屑岩进行地球化学分析。从昆阳群黄草岭组、黑山头组和美党组中分别获得了最年轻的谐和年龄为984.0 Ma、945.0 Ma和954.0 Ma;碎屑锆石年龄峰谱显示,在1.0 Ga、1.35Ga、1.73 Ga和2.44 Ga出现了统计峰值,其年龄主要集中在1.73 Ga和1.35 Ga。表明昆阳群源区主要经历了1.0 Ga、1.35 Ga、1.73 Ga和2.44 Ga的构造热事件,资料显示扬子地块西南缘出露的大红山群形成时代为1.7 Ga,格林威尔期的构造热事件时期为1.0~1.3 Ga。此外,地球化学分析结果表明昆阳群源岩主要是形成于大陆岛弧—活动大陆边缘的石英质旋回沉积、长英质岩石和少量镁铁质岩石。在中元古代晚期—新元古代早期(0.95~1.0 Ga),Rodinia超大陆形成阶段,在扬子地块西南缘的弧后前陆盆地中形成昆阳群的沉积组合,物源主要来自扬子地块西南缘的大红山群和格林威尔期岛弧的岩石。     

Detrital Zircon U‐Pb Ages and Geochemistry of the Silurian to Permian Sedimentary Rocks in Central Inner Mongolia,China: Implications for Closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean

The Solonker suture zone has long been considered to mark the location of the final disappearance of the PaleoAsian Ocean in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB). However, the time of final suturing is still controversial with two main different proposals of late Permian to early Triassic, and late Devonian. This study reports integrated wholerock geochemistry and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages of sedimentary rocks from the Silurian Xuniwusu Formation, the Devonian Xilingol Complex and the Permian Zhesi Formation in the Hegenshan-Xilinhot-Linxi area in central Inner Mongolia, China. The depositional environment, provenance and tectonic setting of the Silurian-Devonian and the Permian sediments are compared to constrain the tectonic evolution of the Solonker suture zone and its neighboring zones. The protoliths of the silty slates from the Xuniwusu Formation in the Baolidao zone belong to wacke and were derived from felsic igneous rocks with steady-state weathering, poor sorting and compositional immaturity. The protoliths of metasedimentary rocks from the Xilingol Complex were wackes and litharenites and were sourced from predominantly felsic igneous rocks with variable weathering conditions and moderate sorting. The Xuniwusu Formation and Xilingol Complex samples both have two groups of detrital zircon that peak at ca. 0.9–1.0 Ga and ca. 420–440 Ma, with maximum deposition ages of late Silurian and middle Devonian age, respectively. Considering the ca. 484–383 Ma volcanic arc in the Baolidao zone, the Xuxiniwu Formation represents an oceanic trench sediment and is covered by the sedimentary rocks in the Xilingol Complex that represents a continental slope sediment in front of the arc. The middle Permian Zhesi Formation metasandstones were derived from predominantly felsic igneous rocks and are texturally immature with very low degrees of rounding and sorting, indicating short transport and rapid burial. The Zhesi Formation in the Hegenshan zone has a main zircon age peak of 302 Ma and a subordinate peak of 423 Ma and was deposited in a back-arc basin with an early marine transgression during extension and a late marine regression during contraction. The formation also crops out locally in the Baolidao zone with a main zircon age peak of 467 Ma and a minor peak of 359 Ma, and suggests it formed as a marine transgression sedimentary sequence in a restricted extensional basin and followed by a marine regressive event. Two obvious zircon age peaks of 444 Ma and 280 Ma in the Solonker zone and 435 Ma and 274 Ma in Ondor Sum are retrieved from the Zhesi Formation. This suggests as a result of the gradual closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean a narrow ocean sedimentary environment with marine regressive sedimentary sequences occupied the Solonker and Ondor Sum zones during the middle Permian. A restricted ocean is suggested by the Permian strata in the Bainaimiao zone. Early Paleozoic subduction until ca. 381 Ma and renewed subduction during ca. 310–254 Ma accompanied by the opening and closure of a back-arc basin during ca. 298–269 Ma occurred in the northern accretionary zone. In contrast, the southern accretionary zone documented early Paleozoic subduction until ca. 400 Ma and a renewed subduction during ca. 298–246 Ma. The final closure of the Paleo-Asian ocean therefore lasted at least until the early Triassic and ended with the formation of the Solonker suture zone.     

云南武定迤纳厂Fe-Cu-REE矿床的锆石U-Pb和黄铜 矿Re-Os年代学、稀土元素地球化学及其地质意义

迤纳厂矿床是康滇地区典型的铁-铜-稀土矿床之一.因为其特殊的矿物组合(磁铁矿与黄铜矿共生)以及富含稀土矿物,这类矿床一直是矿床学家研究的热点.然而由于其围岩遭受不同程度的变质和蚀变作用,这类矿床的成矿时代与矿床成因一直存在争议.本文通过对迤纳厂组中层状凝灰岩和火山角砾岩所含锆石进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年来揭示迤纳厂组的最大沉积年龄.大多数锆石具有明显的震荡环带和较高的Th/U比值(＞0.4)表明它们均是岩浆锆石,近200粒碎屑锆石的207 pb/206 Pb年龄大致可以分为四组:1.75 ～ 1.88Ga,1.90 ～2.00Ga,2.02～2.20Ga和2.30 ～2.40Ga,且最老年龄在3.0Ga左右,而最年轻年龄在1750Ma左右.这一定年结果反映了迤纳厂组的沉积上限大约为1.7Ga,并且在康滇地区可能还有更老的基底存在.通过对矿石矿物黄铜矿的Re-Os同位素定年测试,直接限定了矿床的成矿时代.6个黄铜矿样品的Re-Os同位素等时线年龄为1690±99Ma(MSWD =9.0),模式年龄的加权平均值为1685±37Ma(MSWD=3.0),表明该矿床形成于距今约1.7Ga.另外,主要类型矿石具显著的正铕异常和轻稀土富集的特点,与现代海底热液极其相似.年代学研究显示矿床的形成时代和地层的沉积时代大致相同,而REE揭示的流体特征反映其成矿作用与海底热液活动有关.这些结果暗示了该矿床为海底火山喷发-同生沉积形成.近来的较多研究证实,康滇地区存在1.7Ga左右较大范围的岩浆活动和较多同期铁-铜矿床,表明该期岩浆活动可能是制约该区铁-铜矿床形成的关键因素,且岩浆活动可能与约1.7Ga的Columbia超大陆的裂解事件有关.     

Sedimentary record of Jurassic northward subduction of the Bangong–Nujiang Ocean: insights from detrital zircons

The subduction polarity and related arc–magmatic evolutional history of the Bangong–Nujiang Ocean, which separated the South Qiangtang terrane to the north from the North Lhasa terrane to the south during the Mesozoic, remain debated. This study tries to reconstruct the subduction and evolution of the Bangong–Nujiang Ocean on the basis of U–Pb and Hf isotopic analyses of detrital zircons in samples from sedimentary rocks of the middle-western section of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone in Gerze County, central Tibet. The Middle Jurassic Muggargangri Group in the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone was deposited in a deep-sea basin setting on an active continental margin. The Late Jurassic strata, such as the Sewa Formation, are widely distributed in the South Qiangtang terrane and represent deposition on a shelf. The Early Cretaceous Shamuluo Formation in the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone unconformably overlies the Muggargangri Group and was probably deposited in a residual marine basin setting. The detrital zircons of the Muggargangri Group contain seven U–Pb age populations: 2.6–2.4 Ga, 1.95–1.75 Ga, 950–900 Ma, 850–800 Ma, 650–550 Ma, 480–420 Ma, and 350–250 Ma, which is similar to the age populations in sedimentary rocks of the South Qiangtang terrane. In addition, the age spectra of the Shamuluo Formation are similar to those of the Muggargangri Group, indicating that both had a northern terrane provenance, which is conformed by the north-to-south palaeocurrent. This provenance indicates northward subduction of the Bangong–Nujiang oceanic crust. In contrast, two samples from the Sewa Formation yield variable age distributions: the lower sample has age populations similar to those of the South Qiangtang terrane, whereas the upper possesses only one age cluster with a peak at ca. 156 Ma. Moreover, the majority of the late Mesozoic detrital zircons are characterized by weakly positive εHf(t) values that are similar to those of magmatic zircons from arc magmatic rocks in the South Qiangtang terrane. The findings, together with information from the record of magmatism, indicate that the earliest prevalent arc magmatism occurred during the Early Jurassic (ca. 185 Ma) and that the principal arc–magmatic stage occurred during the Middle–Late Jurassic (ca. 170–150 Ma). The magmatic gap and scarcity of detrital zircons at ca. 140–130 Ma likely indicate collision between the Qiangtang and Lhasa terranes. The late Early Cretaceous (ca. 125–100 Ma) magmatism on both sides of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone was probably related to slab break-off or lithospheric delamination after closure of the Bangong–Nujiang Ocean.     

滇中易门地区新元古代澄江组凝灰岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

扬子西缘广泛出露的新元古代澄江组是一套与晋宁运动密切相关的沉积岩夹火山岩系,其形成时限对华南新元古代区域地层格架、地层划分对比及古大陆再造具有重要意义。出露于滇中易门地区的新元古代澄江组底部发育有厚数米的凝灰岩夹层,本次采集凝灰岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年研究,结果表明,锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为812±5. 5Ma(n=17,MSWD=0.46),可以代表滇中澄江组的底界年龄,从而进一步确定澄江组底界年龄为812Ma左右。此外,凝灰岩中捕获的锆石年龄信息指示扬子西缘可能存在2. 5Ga、1. 8～1. 6Ga、1. 5Ga、1. 3Ga及1.0Ga等数期重要的区域构造-热事件。     

Age,sources, and provenances of protoliths of metasedimentary rocks of the Dzheltulak group,Dzheltulak suture

The results of Sm–Nb isotopic–geochemical studies of metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks of the Dzheltulak Group of the central part of the Dzheltulak suture, as well as geochronological U–Th–Pb (LA ICP MS) studies of detrital zircons from metasedimentary rocks, which are considered as Paleoproterozoic in current stratigraphic schemes, are presented. The age of the youngest zircons is 170–190 Ma, whereas the age of the last stage of regional metamorphism is 140–150 Ma. Thus, the Dzheltulak Group hosts metasedimentary rocks, the age of the protolith of which ranges from 140–150 to 170–190 Ma. The detrital zircons derived from intrusive and metamorphic rocks of the Selenga–Stanovoi and Dzhugdzhur–Stanovoi superterranes.     

内蒙古苏尼特右旗白乃庙地区徐尼乌苏组的形成时代及其地质意义

本文对白乃庙地区徐尼乌苏组沉积特征、原岩建造、变质火山岩及变质碎屑岩的年代学和地球化学进行了研究,探讨了白乃庙地区早古生代构造演化。本次研究采集了徐尼乌苏组中具有代表性的变质含砾粗粒杂砂岩、变质英安质晶屑凝灰岩和变质长石石英细砂岩样品,进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学分析。结果显示,2个变质英安质晶屑凝灰岩锆石的加权平均年龄分别为440.9±1.8Ma(MSWD=0.10)和440.9±1.7Ma(MSWD=0.15),锆石Th/U比值为0.46~1.59,自形程度较好,发育有典型的岩浆锆石振荡环带结构,显示为岩浆成因锆石的特点,表明徐尼乌苏组的形成时代为早志留世。变质含砾粗粒杂砂岩的碎屑锆石年龄在452.0±1.3Ma~535.0±1.0Ma之间,最高峰值年龄为490Ma左右;变质长石石英细砂岩碎屑锆石年龄则在440.1±5.7Ma~3268.9±57.7Ma之间,最小谐和年龄为440.1±5.7Ma,峰值年龄为490Ma左右,另有1.0Ga、1.6Ga、1.8Ga和2.5Ga四个明显的峰值年龄。根据研究区徐尼乌苏组岩性组合与结构构造,可将该组划分为3个不同的沉积旋回。结合白乃庙地区徐尼乌苏组测年结果、岩石地球化学特征、原岩建造及区域岩浆岩资料,白乃庙弧后盆地沉积可划分为三个演化阶段:早期快速堆积阶段(452.3~440.9Ma),形成了一套成熟度较低的粗碎屑岩建造,物源主要来源于白乃庙岩浆弧中的岩浆岩;中期火山喷发阶段(440.9~440.1Ma),以火山沉积作用为主,为火山碎屑岩建造夹有碳酸盐建造和少量碎屑岩建造,碎屑物质主要来源于该时期的火山活动;晚期稳定沉积阶段(440.1Ma),形成一套细碎屑岩建造和碳酸盐建造,为浅海相稳定沉积,此时物源广泛,分别来源于华北克拉通基底、兴蒙造山带和白乃庙早古生代火山弧。根据徐尼乌苏组的沉积建造和火山建造特征,结合白乃庙火山弧岩浆活动特征,认为徐尼乌苏组形成于早古生代弧后盆地中,此时华北板块北缘属于安第斯型活动大陆边缘。     

Depositional and tectonic setting of the Paleoproterozoic Lower Aillik Group,Makkovik Province,Canada: evolution of a passive margin-foredeep sequence based on petrochemistry and U–Pb (TIMS and LAM-ICP-MS) geochronology

The Paleoproterozoic Lower Aillik Group is a deformed metasedimentary–metavolcanic succession located in the Makkovik Province of Labrador, eastern Canada. The group is situated near the boundary between reworked Archaean gneiss of the Nain (North Atlantic) craton and juvenile Paleoproterozoic crust that was both tectonically accreted and formed on or adjacent to this craton during the ca. 1.9–1.78 Ma Makkovikian orogeny. The Lower Aillik Group is structurally underlain by Archaean gneiss and structurally overlain by ca. 1860–1807 Ma bimodal, dominantly felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Upper Aillik Group. We present geochemical data from metavolcanic rocks and U–Pb geochronological data from several units of the Lower Aillik Group in order to address the depositional and tectonic history of this group. U–Pb data were obtained using both thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) and laser ablation microprobe-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LAM-ICP-MS). Two quartzite units near the structural base of the Lower Aillik Group contain detrital zircons only of Archaean age, and are interpreted to have been deposited on the Nain craton during post-2235 Ma rifting and initiation of a passive continental margin. Overlying mafic metavolcanic rocks contain thin horizons of intermediate tuff, one of which is dated at 2178±4 Ma. This relatively old age, and an inferred stratigraphic relationship with underlying sedimentary units, suggest that the volcanic rocks represent transitional oceanic crust, consistent with their geochemical similarity to tholeiitic rifted margin sequences of Mesozoic age in eastern North America. A package of interlayered psammitic and semipelitic metasedimentary rocks that appears to stratigraphically overlie the mafic volcanic unit is dominated by Paleoproterozoic detrital zircons but also contains Archaean grains. This package was deposited after 2013 Ma, the age of the youngest concordant zircon. The U–Pb data imply a minimum 165 m.y. time gap between mafic volcanism and sedimentation, and are consistent with deposition of the psammite–semipelite unit in an evolving foredeep that heralded the approach of a Paleoproterozoic arc terrane. Accretion of this terrane to the Nain cratonic margin at ca. 1.9 Ga initiated the Makkovikian orogeny. Although the Lower Aillik Group is highly deformed and may contain internal tectonic boundaries or be incomplete, the U–Pb and geochemical data allow quantitative assessment of a prolonged rift-drift-basin closure cycle that characterized the Early Paleoproterozoic evolution of the southern Nain cratonic margin.     

孙吴-嘉荫盆地晚白垩世地层物源及构造背景

为揭示孙吴-嘉荫盆地晚白垩世富饶组和太平林场组的物源特征及其构造背景,对两组样品进行了碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和地球化学特征研究.富饶组碎屑锆石55个测点产生以下年龄峰值:65 Ma、280 Ma和496 Ma,太平林场组碎屑锆石78个测点产生以下年龄峰值:98 Ma,189 Ma,240 Ma和488 Ma,表明富饶组和太平林场组具有混合物源的特征.Al₂O₃/TiO₂平均值分别为41.42和29.31,结合主量、微量及稀土元素特征和碎屑锆石峰值年龄,确定富饶组和太平林场组物源主要为晚中生代长英质火成岩和沉积岩.地球化学和区域构造演化特征共同揭示富饶组和太平林场组物源区构造背景为活动大陆边缘,区域内晚中生代岩浆事件、佳木斯地块北部麻山群及广泛分布的古生代花岗岩为盆地晚白垩世地层提供了沉积物源.      

Precambrian to Paleozoic zircon record in the Siviez-Mischabel basement (western Swiss Alps)

U–Pb zircon analyses from three meta-igneous and two metasedimentary rocks from the Siviez-Mischabel nappe in the western Swiss Alps are presented, and are used to derive an evolutionary history spanning from Paleoarchean crustal growth to Permian magmatism. The oldest components are preserved in zircons from metasedimentary albitic schists. The oldest zircon core in these schists is 3.4 Ga old. Detrital zircons reveal episodes of crustal growth in the Neoarchean (2.7–2.5 Ga), Paleoproterozoic (2.2–1.9 Ma) and Neoproterozoic (800–550 Ma, Pan-African event). The maximum age of deposition for the metasedimentary rocks is given by the youngest detrital zircons within both metasedimentary samples dated at ~490 Ma (Cambrian-Ordovician boundary). This is in the age range of two granitoid samples dated at 505 ± 4 and 482 ± 7 Ma, and indicates sedimentation and magmatism in an extensional setting preceding an Ordovician orogeny. The third felsic meta-igneous rock gives a Permian age of intrusion, and is part of a long-lasting Variscan to post-Variscan magmatic activity. The zircons record only minor disturbance of the U–Pb system during the Alpine orogeny.     

北秦岭二郎坪杂岩变沉积岩碎屑锆石年代学及其构造地质意义

碎屑锆石为沉积岩中最稳定的矿物,其年龄谱系不仅可限定沉积物的最大沉积年龄与物源性质,而且能够为探讨其形成构造环境提供关键约束。作为北秦岭构造带主要构造岩石地层单元之一,二郎坪杂岩由北、中、南三个构造岩片——北部碎屑岩片、中部蛇绿岩片和南部变碎屑岩片组成。本文对二郎坪杂岩南部变碎屑岩片中的碎屑锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测试研究,获得样品锆石谐和年龄值分布在500±7Ma~3894±5Ma之间,1个年龄高频集中区为0.9~1.0Ga,6个次要年龄集中区分别为500~600Ma、750~850Ma、1.35~1.48Ga、1.6~1.75Ga、2.6~2.7Ga和3.0~3.4Ga。研究结果表明:1)最小峰值年龄限定二郎坪杂岩南部碎屑岩片原岩的最大沉积时代为500Ma,结合西庄河花岗闪长岩侵入南部岩片的地质事实,南部岩片的形成时代应为早古生代寒武-奥陶纪(500~475Ma),明显早于中部蛇绿岩片中的火山岩的形成时代(463~475Ma);2)通过与邻区地质事件年龄谱峰及其锆石阴极发光图像特征的对比,二郎坪杂岩变碎屑岩原岩的物源分别主要来自南部秦岭杂岩中的早新元古代花岗岩和北部华北南缘熊耳群中元古代火山岩,其物源具有双源性,暗示其形成于与伸展作用相关的裂谷或弧后盆地构造背景,而二郎坪蛇绿岩片所代表的古洋盆可能正是在此基础上发育产生的;3)结合区域地质背景资料分析,二郎坪杂岩中的沉积碎屑岩片可能形成于商丹洋向北俯冲期间所产生的弧后伸展盆地构造环境;4)通过与宽坪岩群沉积岩中的碎屑锆石年龄数据的对比,揭示二者碎屑锆石具有相似的年龄谱峰,结合宽坪群变沉积岩中发现大量疑源类、几丁虫和虫颚等早-中奥陶世化石组合以及二郎坪杂岩蛇绿岩片中的火山岩夹层硅质岩中发现早-中奥陶世牙形石和放射虫的研究,分析认为二者沉积物的沉积时代相近,沉积物源几乎完全一致,暗示它们形成的构造环境可能具有一致性;5)二郎坪蛇绿岩片中的典型的与洋壳俯冲有成因联系的弧火山岩的形成时代(463~475Ma)明显迟后于区内高压-超高压岩石的峰期变质时代(514~484Ma)约20~30Myr,清楚地表明二郎坪洋壳拖曳秦岭杂岩发生陆壳俯冲-深俯冲作用的可能性不大;6)二郎坪杂岩南部碎屑岩片和宽坪岩群碎屑沉积物中碎屑锆石中最主要的年龄集中区(0.9~1.0Ga)的物源来自秦岭杂岩中的早新元古代花岗质岩石,而缺少秦岭杂岩中的早古生代岩浆岩和HP/UHP变质岩石锆石的年龄信息,明确指示二郎坪与宽坪盆地沉积时,秦岭杂岩重要组成的早新元古代花岗质岩石已出露于地表接受剥蚀,而秦岭杂岩中出露的HP/UHP岩石和早古生代岩浆岩未抬升出露地表,即秦岭杂岩现今出露的前早古生代陆壳物质不是整体而是部分经历了陆壳俯冲-深俯冲作用。     

秦岭造山带东段秦岭岩群的年代学和地球化学研究

对东秦岭地区的陕西省洛南县、宁陕县、长安县和河南省淅川县出露的四个秦岭岩群变质岩进行的岩石学和地球化学研究表明,样品主要由变质火山岩和变质沉积岩组成.详细的锆石U-Pb定年结果显示三个正变质岩均形成于新元古代早期(971～843Ma),而副变质岩中富集大量新元古代碎屑锆石,根据最年轻的谐和年龄(859Ma)和早古生代的变质年龄,推测其沉积时代为新元古代中晚期.因此,北秦岭南部的秦岭岩群的变质岩主要由新元古代早期的火成岩和新元古代中晚期的沉积岩组成.变质作用主要发生在加里东期,局部有燕山期的变质作用叠加.指示北秦岭的造山作用主要发生在早古生代.岩石地球化学研究还显示秦岭岩群的新元古代火山岩均形成于火山弧构造环境,沉积岩沉积于大陆弧-活动大陆边缘环境,指示秦岭造山带在新元古代早期是一个火山弧.秦岭岩群的火山岩和沉积岩在形成时代和构造环境方面与扬子克拉通西缘的特征非常相似,表明位于北秦岭造山带的秦岭岩群应归属于扬子克拉通陆块,是扬子北缘的一个大陆边缘弧.     

海南岛东北部木栏头变质杂岩的组成、时代及其区域大地构造意义

新的区域地质调查在海南岛东北部木栏头地区识别出一套从前未知的中级变质杂岩。木栏头变质杂岩主要沿林新—木栏头—虎威岭—赤坡—七星岭—新埠海—铺前海边沿岸呈基岩或不同尺度的无根岩块断续出露，其主体是钙硅酸盐岩和正、副片麻岩，含有少量斜长角闪岩、石英岩和大理岩，并按分布区域可进一步区分出林新片麻岩- 斜长角闪岩组合、木栏头变质火山岩- 钙硅酸盐岩组合、虎威岭- 七星岭片麻岩- 钙硅酸盐岩- 大理岩组合和新埠海- 铺前片麻岩组合等四套岩石组合。对30件变质基性岩、变质中酸性岩、变质碎屑沉积岩、钙硅酸盐岩以及花岗和伟晶岩脉等不同类型岩石的锆石U- Pb定年结果表明，木栏头变质杂岩的原岩主体是一套二叠纪火山- 沉积岩系，其内含有少量二叠纪花岗质侵入岩以及前寒武纪结晶基底的残留。前寒武纪结晶基底主要包括古元古代晚期（1670 Ma）碎屑沉积岩和中元古代早期（1460~1410 Ma）花岗质片麻岩，晚二叠世碱性花岗岩中还存在大量单一的中元古代晚期（1180 Ma）继承锆石。变质沉积岩中的早期碎屑锆石年龄峰值为2550~2490 Ma、1850~1780 Ma、1600~1560 Ma、1450 Ma和1100 Ma，表明其物源主要来自于海南岛中部的抱板群、石碌群和石灰顶组。二叠纪花岗岩的侵入时代主要为280 Ma和260 Ma，与陆缘弧前盆地环境下形成的火山- 沉积岩系的时代基本一致。这些沉积岩中的碎屑锆石除具有395~345 Ma和280~256 Ma两个年龄峰值外，部分样品还含有960~930 Ma和450~410 Ma两个重要年龄峰值，与前人在海南岛晚古生代地层中获得的年代学结果相似。木栏头变质杂岩经历了晚二叠世—中三叠世（254~235 Ma）高角闪岩相区域变质和深熔作用以及花岗和伟晶岩脉的大规模侵入，独居石U- Pb定年表明中侏罗世（159 Ma）花岗岩脉也侵入其中。结合近年发表的研究资料，我们认为海南岛应属于印支陆块的一部分，由中元古代结晶基底和早古生代盖层构成的琼南地体以及该地体演化而来的琼北构造混杂岩带两个次级构造单元组成，邦溪- 晨星构造带或昌江- 琼海断裂不能被视为华南和印支陆块间的构造边界，真正的古特提斯缝合带（即金沙江- 哀牢山- 马江缝合带的东延）应位于木栏头北部，大致相当于现今琼州海峡断裂的位置。华南和印支陆块间古特提斯洋盆的关闭始于石炭纪（340~300 Ma）洋壳的南向俯冲，形成北部的潮滩鼻榴辉岩和南部的邦溪- 晨星弧后盆地，二叠纪时期（280~255 Ma）洋盆持续俯冲形成海南岛主体大陆岛弧以及木栏头弧前盆地，而后洋盆最终关闭并进入到陆- 陆碰撞和碰撞后伸展阶段，从而形成木栏头变质杂岩以及海南岛内部其他三叠纪变质岩和同期花岗质岩石。     

青藏高原拉萨地体南部林芝岩群的物质来源与形成年代：岩石学与锆石U-Pb年代学

本文对位于青藏高原拉萨地体东南部林芝岩群中的变质岩进行了岩石学和年代学研究。研究表明,林芝岩群由角闪岩相的变质沉积岩和正片麻岩组成。变质沉积岩主要为含石榴石白云斜长角闪片岩、含石榴石云母石英片岩、含石榴石黑云钾长片麻岩、大理岩和石英岩等,代表性矿物组合包括石榴石+斜长石+角闪石+石英+黑云母+白云母,或石榴石+斜长石+钾长石+石英+夕线石+黑云母+白云母。花岗质片麻岩（含二云母片麻岩）的矿物组合是石英+斜长石+钾长石+黑云母+白云母。锆石U-Pb年代学分析表明,变质沉积岩中的碎屑锆石主要为岩浆成因,获得了2708~63Ma的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄范围,在~1100Ma和~550Ma出现两个年代峰值。碎屑锆石的变质增生边给出了35Ma的变质年龄。正片麻岩获得了496Ma的锆石结晶年龄和1158Ma的继承年龄。基于上述研究结果、区域对比和相邻变质岩石中获得的多期变质年龄,我们认为林芝岩群的原岩很可能形成在早古生代,其沉积物质主要来源于印度陆块,与特提斯喜马拉雅早古生代的岩石一起同为印度大陆北缘的沉积盖层,在环冈瓦纳大陆周缘造山过程中被寒武纪花岗岩侵入。在新特提斯洋向北的俯冲过程中,林芝岩群经历了晚中生代的安第斯型造山作用,在印度与欧亚大陆的俯冲-碰撞过程中,林芝岩群部分地经历了新生代的变质和岩浆作用再造。本研究证明,林芝岩群并不是传统上认为的拉萨地体的前寒武纪变质基底,其角闪岩相至麻粒岩相变质作用发生在中、新生代。     

U-Pb dating and provenance of detrital zircons from the Upper Precambrian deposits of North Timan

Timan comprises the southwest edge of the Pechora Plate. The plate basement is composed of variably metamorphosed sedimentary, mainly terrigenous, and igneous rocks of the Late Precambrian age that are generally overlain by Ordovician-Cenozoic platform cover. Poor exposition and discontinuous distribution of the Upper Precambrian outcrops of dominantly fossil-free sedimentary rocks cause considerable disagreements in stratigraphic correlation. This applies equally to North Timan, which represents an uplifted block of basement, in which sedimentary-metamorphic rocks form the Barminskaya Group (～5000 m thick), previously dated as Early Riphean to Vendian. Earlier Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotope dating of schist and cross-cutting gabbro-dolerite and dolerite established the timing of greenschist facies metamorphism at 700 Ma. Thus, Late Riphean age of the Barminskaya Group has been suggested. Results of local U-Pb dating of detrital zircon from silty sandstones of the Malochernoretskaya Formation, which constitutes the middle part of the outcropping section of the Barminskaya Group, confirm this conclusion. Age data for 95 zircon grains cover the range of 1035–2883 Ma with age peaks at 1150, 1350, 1550, 1780, and 1885 Ma. The minimum age of zircons, considered as the lower age constraint on sediment deposition, provides grounds to date the Barminskaya Group as Late Riphean and indicates eroded rock complexes of the Fennoscandian Shield as the possible provenance areas.