视频CCD观测的星径曲率改正

视频ＣＣＤ观测与低纬子午环原来设计的光子计数狭缝测微器观测有不同之处。在观测数据的归算过程中，应加以考虑的星径曲率改正包括三种改正量；卯酉方向记录时刻的星径曲率改正；卯酉方向天顶距的星径曲率改正以及子午方向天顶距的星径曲率改正。     

有关求解星径曲率改正问题的探讨

对于配置光子计数探测器的低纬子午环，在其观测数据的归算过程中应该加以考虑的星径曲率改正包括三种改正量：卯酉方向记录时刻的星径曲率改正；卯酉方向天顶距的星径曲率改正；子午方向天顶距的星径曲率改正。结合测微器的新视栅形式，本文给出了一种旨在解决星径曲率改正问题的新思路。     

DCMT活动光栅控制系统

ＤＣＭＴ活动光栅的控制系统是主测微器的主要部分，本控制系统操作灵活，它既能联机工作又能脱机工作，并具有自动报警和自动复位功能。主测微器承担测定天体和５个自准直像的位置，要比传统的活动光栅复杂得多．本设计的独特之处在于用分区、分时并配以光栏控制诸方法确定全部像的位置。保证了所有的观测在同一个系统之内．经一年来的实际观测证明，本系统精度优于０”．０３，达到了同类别微器的先进水平．     

低纬子午环用CCD测微器观测时的星径曲率改正

本文推导了纬子午环彩和ＣＣＤ测微器观测时所得测定值的各种星径曲率改正公式。针对云南天文台具体的地理位置，在不同观测天顶距情况下，给出了ＣＣＤ视场中不同位置的天体通过参考平面（子午平面或卯酉平面）时，星过记录时刻和天顶距测定值的星径曲率改正模拟运算结果。     

低纬子午环配备CCD探测器(Ⅲ)——几项球面天文修正

本文用投影椭圆的方法推导了子午方向的天顶距测定值应加的星径曲率改正、以及星过仪器卯酉方向的时刻和天顶距测定值的相应改正;还推导了子午方向观测中由于过任一天体的赤经圈投影与子午面之间夹角的变化对量度坐标x测定值的影响,所有这些都是由于转轴观测和星象偏离芯片相对中心引起的。文章还推导了视场中任一星象相对于芯片相对中心的大气折射和周年光行差较差改正。并给出了以//2(x′-x)和1/2(y′-y)为引数的改正公式,同时还得出,对于天顶距大于15°的观测,量度坐标x的大气折射较差改正可以忽略不计。     

低纬子午环用CCD测微器观测时的星径曲率改正

本文推导了低纬子午环采用ＣＣＤ测微器观测时所得测定值的各种星径曲率改正公式。针对云南天文台具体的地理位置（纬度为２５°），在不同观测天顶距情况下，给出了ＣＣＤ视场中不同位置的天体通过参考平面（子午平面或卯酉平面）时，星过记录时刻和天顶距测定值的星径曲率改正模拟运算结果。结果表明：对于偏离ＣＣＤ芯片相对中心的天体，其星径曲率改正值比较大，且随天体偏离距离的增加而增大。     

低纬子午环测微器的视栅形式及其观测原理

根据低纬子午环绝对测定的要求，在原来的测微器方案的基础上，针对斜狭缝用于卯酉方向测定天顶距时所存在的问题，对原来的视栅形式作了进一步改进，本文对改进后的视栅形式及观测原理加以说明，并讨论了视栅的狭缝倾斜对测定量的影响及测定狭缝倾斜的方法。     

低纬子午环测微器的视栅形式及其观测原理

根据低纬子午环绝对测定的要求，在原来的测微器方案〔１〕的基础上，针对斜狭缝用于卯酉方向测定天顶距时所存在的问题，对原来的视栅形式作了进一步改进。本文对改进后的视栅形式及观测原理加以说明，并讨论了视栅的狭缝倾斜对测定量的影响及测定狭缝倾斜的方法。     

卯酉圈观测测定子午环的绝对参数(Ⅲ)——几种误差和改正值对方位差测定的综合影响

本文叙述了在卯酉方向作转轴观测时,由于转轴前后的观测都是偏离于卯酉圈的观测,在仪器具有较大方位差,及一颗星从卯圈方向到酉圈方向观测过程中,存在水平差变化的情况下,转轴观测不能完全消除准直差,方位差的测定值需加几项二次项改正。文章中用给定的方位差及水平差变化对二次项改正作了数值估算,得出改正值与卯酉方向观测星的天顶距有关的结果,天顶距越小的星,改正值越大,天顶距大于40°的星,改正值可以忽略不计。文章还就卯酉方向观测时,周日光行差和蒙气差的影响作了估算,结果看出这两种影响都基本上可以忽略不计。     

一米新真空红外太阳望远镜多波段光谱仪光谱弯曲分析

在太阳长狭缝光谱观测中,光谱的狭缝方向和色散方向应该分别与CCD探测器的两个边缘平行。但实际上,由于狭缝、光栅、CCD探测器的机械安装精度等原因,会造成他们之间的位置关系不匹配,导致得到的太阳光谱总是存在一定的倾斜和变形。即使有时这些倾斜很微小,也会对太阳光谱的平场计算造成严重影响,从而影响整个光谱数据的处理过程。对抚仙湖1 m新真空红外太阳望远镜多波段光谱仪得到的一组Hα光谱数据的倾斜量做了测量和分析,并讨论了其对太阳光谱平场计算的影响。     

Impact of the Quadrupole Moment of the Sun on the Dynamics of the Earth-Moon System

Range of values of the Sun's mass quadrupole moment of coefficient J₂ arising both from experimental and theoretical determinations enlarge across literature on two orders of magnitude, from around 10^-7 until to 10^-5. The accurate knowledge of the Moon's physical librations, for which the Lunar Laser Ranging data reach an outstanding precision level, prove to be appropriate to reduce the interval of J₂ values by giving an upper bound of J₂. A solar quadrupole moment as high as 1.1 10^-5 given either from the upper bounds of the error bars of the observations, or from the Roche's theory, is not compatible with the knowledge of the lunar librations accurately modeled and observed with the LLR experiment. The suitable values of J₂ have to be smaller than 3.0 10^-6. As a consequence, this upper bound of 3.0 10^-6 is accepted to study the impact of the Sun's quadrupole moment of mass on the dynamics of the Earth-Moon system. Such as effect (with J₂ = 5.5±1.3 × 10^-6) has been already tested in 1983 by Campbell & Moffat using analytical approximate equations, and thus for the orbits of Mercury, Venus, the Earth and Icarus. The approximate equations are no longer sufficient compared with present observational data and exact equations are required. As if to compute the effect on the lunar librations, we have used our BJV relativistic model of solar system integration including the spin-orbit coupled motion of the Moon. The model is solved by numerical integration. The BJV model stems from general relativity by using the DSX formalism for purposes of celestial mechanics when it is about to deal with a system of n extended, weakly self-gravitating, rotating and deformable bodies in mutual interactions. The resulting effects on the orbital elements of the Earth have been computed and plotted over 160 and 1600 years. The impact of the quadrupole moment of the Sun on the Earth's orbital motion is mainly characterized by variations of , , and . As a consequence, the Sun's quadrupole moment of mass could play a sensible role over long time periods of integration of solar system models. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

On the role of the motion of the photospheric footpoints of the magnetic field lines

By means of a simple relation between the velocity v of the fluid particle and the velocity v_f of the photospheric footpoint of the magnetic field line v_z and B_z being respectively the components of v and the magnetic field B normal to the photospheric surface, it is shown formally that through the phtospheric surface the transport of all the quantities attributed to the magnetic field, such as the magnetic flux, the magnetic energy and the helicity, is independent of v_z, and v_f is the only kinematical quantity on which the transport depends. In addition, in the neighborhood of the neutral line the velocity v_l of the moving curve of constant B_z is found to be equal approximately to the component of v or v_f in the direction of v_l. Since v_l can be measured or extimated, so can the components of v and v_f near the neutral line.     

在后牛顿引力理论(PPN形式)中引力常数变化对地球自转产生的效应

介绍和论述了在后牛顿引力理论(PPN形式)中在优越参考系和非优越参考系中经过参数化后引力常数变化对地球自转产生的效应,其中特别重点介绍了年周期变化的效应。此外也将理论结果同观测结果相对比。     

On the theory of the oblateness of the Sun

In this paper we first emphasize why it is important to know the successive zonal harmonics of the Sun's figure with high accuracy: mainly fundamental astrometry, helioseismology, planetary motions and relativistic effects. Then we briefly comment why the Sun appears oblate, going back to primitive definitions in order to underline some discrepancies in theories and to emphasize again the relevant hypotheses. We propose a new theoretical approach entirely based on an expansion in terms of Legendre's functions, including the differential rotation of the Sun at the surface. This permits linking the two first spherical harmonic coefficients (J ₂ and J ₄) with the geometric parameters that can be measured on the Sun (equatorial and polar radii). We emphasize the difficulties in inferring gravitational oblateness from visual measurements of the geometric oblateness, and more generally a dynamical flattening. Results are given for different observed rotational laws. It is shown that the surface oblateness is surely upper bounded by 11 milliarcsecond. As a consequence of the observed surface and sub-surface differential rotation laws, we deduce a measure of the two first gravitational harmonics, the quadrupole and the octopole moment of the Sun: J ₂=−(6.13±2.52)×10⁻⁷ if all observed data are taken into account, and respectively, J ₂=−(6.84±3.75)×10⁻⁷ if only sunspot data are considered, and J ₂=−(3.49±1.86)×10⁻⁷ in the case of helioseismic data alone. The value deduced from all available data for the octopole is: J ₄=(2.8±2.1)×10⁻¹². These values are compared to some others found in the literature. Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005238718479     

Third Integral and the Dynamics of the Galaxy in the Neighborhood of the Sun

Observational data on the dynamics of stars in the neighborhood of the sun indicate the existence of a third integral besides the integrals of the angular momentum and energy. The Poincaré integral is proposed as a third integral. The consequences of this assumption are derived and compared with available astrophysical data.     

射电日像仪灵敏度测量

灵敏度是射电望远镜的一个重要性能指标,它反映了望远镜监测弱信号的能力。基于明安图射电频谱日像仪(Mingantu Ultrawide Spectral Radioheliograph,MUSER)的调试观测,给出了日像仪灵敏度的测量方法,对天线系统以及整个阵列的灵敏度进行测量分析,得到了日像仪系统整体的灵敏度性能参数。测量同时给出了天线系统的效率以及接收机系统的增益,这将为下一步日像仪展开常规的科学观测提供参考。     

Accounting for the viscosity of the fluid core in the problem of the physical libration of the moon

A two-component theoretical model of the physical libration of the Moon in longitude is constructed with account taken of the viscosity of the core. In the new version, a hydrodynamic problem of motion of a fluid filling a solid rotating shell is solved. It is found that surfaces of equal angular velocity are spherical, and a velocity field of the fluid core of the Moon is described by elementary functions. A distribution of the internal pressure in the core is found. An angular momentum exchange between the fluid core and solid mantle is described by a third-order differential equation with a right-hand side. The roots of a characteristic equation are studied and the stability of rotation is proved. A libration angle as a function of time is found using the derived solution of the differential equation. Limiting cases of infinitely large and infinitely small viscosity are considered and an effect of lag of a libration phase from a phase of action of an external moment of forces is ascertained. This makes it possible to estimate the viscosity and sizes of the lunar fluid core from data of observations.     

Calculation of the global system of the field-aligned currents on the dayside of the magnetosphere

Using the well-known equation for the normal component of the current which exist near the tangential discontinuity in the plasma in the case of the frozen-in magnetic field, and supposing that the current closes in the ionosphere in the auroral oval in the region 1, one calculates and compares with the data of observations the dependence of the density of the field-aligned current at the level of the ionosphere on the local time.     

Rotation of the elastic Earth: the role of the angular-velocity-dependence of the elasticity-caused perturbation

We calculate the so-called convective term, which shows up in the expression for the angular velocity of the elastic Earth, within the Andoyer formalism. The term emerges due to the fact that the elasticity-caused perturbation depends not only on the instantaneous orientation of the Earth but also on its instantaneous angular velocity. We demonstrate that this term makes a considerable contribution into the overall angular velocity. At the same time the convective term turns out to be automatically included into the correction to the nutation series due to the elasticity, if the series is defined by the perturbation of the figure axis (and not of the rotational axis) in accordance with the current IAU resolution. Hence it is not necessary to take the effect of the convective term into consideration in the perturbation of the elastic Earth as far as the nutation is related to the motion of the figure axis.