青海省芒崖镇大通沟南山地区遥感地质特征及找矿预测

大通沟南山属于阿尔金南缘成矿亚带金鸿山—茫崖金、铜、钨多金属找矿预测区,其地球化学和地球物理异常发育,具有优越的成矿地质条件及良好的找矿潜力。鉴于大通沟南山地处高寒山区,地理环境恶劣、野外地质调查工作困难等问题,文章利用多源遥感卫星数据,在其区内开展了全面的地质解译以及蚀变信息提取工作,并结合已有的地质矿产及物化探资料,对区内的成矿地质条件及找矿远景进行了分析预测,圈定了3处遥感找矿远景预测区,可为后期野外地质找矿工作提供帮助。     

西昆仑-阿尔金成矿带资源潜力

西昆仑-阿尔金地区是指新疆南部,塔里木板块南缘,包括青藏高原的帕米尔高原、西昆仑山、喀喇昆仑山及新疆境内的阿尔金山,是我国地质工作程度最低的地区之一。在全国Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级成矿区带划分的基础上,结合西昆仑-阿尔金成矿特征及其最新找矿进展,结合区域地质背景,进一步划分为2个Ⅲ级成矿区带,构建西昆仑-阿尔金Fe-Pb-Zn-Au-稀有金属成矿带成矿谱系。区内矿产以铁、铅、锌、金、稀有金属等为主,主攻矿床类型为沉积变质型铁矿、碳酸盐岩型铅锌矿、岩浆热液型铜矿,破碎蚀变岩型金矿,甲基卡花岗岩型锂矿等。区带内铁、铅、锌、锂、金矿等矿种资源潜力巨大,划定7个远景区进一步指导找矿工作。     

新疆索拉克地区成矿信息要素遥感解译研究及应用

本文采用多源遥感数据,在新疆阿尔金成矿带的索拉克地区开展成矿信息要素遥感解译.通过综合研究成矿信息的遥感地质特征、遥感影像特征、遥感蚀变矿物信息特征,进一步构建遥感解译找矿模型.利用该找矿模型,在索拉克周边区域圈定多金属找矿预测区.通过野外查证,新发现铜、金等多金属矿化线索,取得较好的找矿效果.     

遥感技术在乌蒙山地区成矿预测中的应用

云南乌蒙山地区是我国重要的铅锌矿成矿带,具有良好的找矿前景。为提高工作效率,充分发挥遥感在区域地质矿产调查中的作用,利用SPOT6、ASTER、ETM+多源遥感数据,通过目视与计算机辅助相结合,提取调查区内岩石地层、地质构造、遥感蚀变信息等成矿地质背景信息,并依照区内已知典型矿床点的地质矿产遥感特征,分别建立起铅锌、铜、磷、煤等4个矿种的遥感找矿要素模型,同时圈定9个成矿远景预测区。取得的成果为下一步矿产地质勘查工作提供遥感信息支撑。     

面金属量法在香格里拉地区铜多金属矿资源潜力定量评价应用

基于成矿地质背景分析和典型矿床研究,以斑岩型铜多金属矿优势矿产为目标,以出露和根据重磁、地球化学、遥感资料推测的中酸性隐伏岩体为基础,结合断裂构造,重力、航磁和遥感线性解译构造,水系沉积物测量成矿元素异常、铜矿物重砂异常汇水盆地,定性圈定了评价矿种的45个找矿有利地段,运用面金属量法对各找矿有利地段评价矿种潜在资源量进行估算,并与该区综合成矿信息找矿预测证据权重模型圈定预测远景区对比,从量的角度提出该区铜多金属矿找矿潜力和具有大型规模远景的找矿有利地段,为生产一线矿产勘查工作部署提供定量找矿潜力科学依据。     

阿尔金成矿带成矿规律与找矿预测

阿尔金成矿带介于塔里木盆地与柴达木盆地之间,呈北东向带状展布,长约600km。该带以北东向带状分布的太古宇-古生代变质地层为特征,同时在中-新生代断陷盆地中分布有弱至未变质的沉积岩。该区经历了多期造山运动和岩浆热事件,遭受了多期的抬升、走滑和变形作用。研究表明具有漫长地质演化历史的阿尔金成矿带发育类型较为齐全的金属、非金属和能源矿床,其中金、铜、铅、锌等矿种具有较好的成矿远景。区内金属矿床可划分为9个矿床类型,典型矿床如采石沟、大平沟、祥云金矿,拉配泉、索拉克、喀拉大湾铜矿床等。在对地、物、化、遥、区域成矿特征、控矿因素等资料进行综合研究基础上,采用GIS技术进行了矿产预测,将阿尔金成矿带划分为5个成矿亚带、10个找矿远景区和25个找矿预测区。     

江西田村圩地区遥感地质信息提取及找矿预测

开展江西田村圩地区遥感地质解译,提取区域地质构造、侵入岩体、地层及蚀变信息,初步剖析测区典型矿床矿化遥感蚀变信息特征;提取研究区遥感成矿、控矿条件,开展区域成矿远景研究。依据离子吸附性稀土矿的成矿规律,综合遥感地貌解译和风化特征矿物异常信息提取结果,圈定5处稀土矿遥感找矿预测区。尝试建立石英脉型钨矿的遥感找矿预测模型,圈定钨矿找矿远景区4处,为区域地质调查工作提供找矿线索。     

阿尔金断裂走滑位移的确定——来自阿尔金山东段构造成矿带的新证据

阿尔金断裂是中国西北地区最大走滑断裂之一,呈北东东向延绵近1500km,以其强烈的贯穿性、巨大的规模、强烈的活动性和巨大的位移量为特征。但是对于其左行位移量一直存在比较大的争议,一些学者认为300～500km,而另外一些学者认为700～800km,甚至900～1000km。最近十余年的找矿进展显示出阿尔金山东段是一条重要的铁铜金铅锌多金属成矿带,其矿床成因类型、不同矿种组合关系及其反映的成矿作用条件与北祁连山西段非常相似,可以认为阿尔金山东段成矿带是北祁连山西段成矿带的西延部分,即阿尔金山东段成矿带是北祁连山西段成矿带被阿尔金断裂左行走滑断错的部分。因此,依据阿尔金山东段成矿带与祁连山西段成矿带的可比性,将此作为标志物,作者认为阿尔金断裂左行走滑总位移量为400km左右。     

基于GIS的层次分析法在沽源地区铀成矿预测中的应用

在分析了沽源地区铀矿床成矿地质特征的基础上,总结了区域铀矿找矿标志,提取了各类找矿信息,利用GIS的空间分析功能分别提取了地层、构造、潜火山岩、热液蚀变、化探异常、航磁异常、航放异常等14个有利分析因子,建立了层次分析模型,并根据该区成矿概率的分布进行了成矿远景区的预测,圈定Ⅰ级远景区2个、Ⅱ级远景区7个、Ⅲ级远景区5个,为在沽源地区开展进一步铀矿找矿奠定了基础。     

江西省桃山地区花岗岩型铀矿预测及找矿方向

江西省桃山地区是我国南方四大花岗岩型铀矿田之一,铀成矿条件极其有利。前人在桃山地区开展了大量研究工作,但是缺乏对整个桃山地区地质、物探、化探和遥感等多元信息的综合集成和铀矿产的定量评价工作。从大布等典型铀矿床的剖析入手,厘定了模型区铀成矿要素和预测要素,总结了区域岩性、构造、蚀变与铀成矿的关系。提取预测要素,在GIS平台上圈定并优选了最小预测区,并指出了桃山地区铀资源量扩大的前景及方向,认为桃山断裂南西段铀找矿应以硅化带亚型为主,桃山断裂北东段找矿应以碎裂蚀变岩带亚型为主,北东段深部找矿前景较好。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.