贵州威宁窑上组沉积物物源特征及沉积控制因素分析

根据威宁草海第四纪窑上组沉积物主量元素和REE特征,探讨沉积物物源特征、气候演变情况、沉积物堆积控制因素。结果表明:Al、Mg、Ca、K、Na和Ti的含量变化在剖面上一致,它们的相关系数很高(0.522~0.985)。Fe含量和Mn含量呈正相关形式,与Al、Mg、Ca、K、Na和Ti呈负相关。Fe2O3含量在土黄色粘土的铁质层很高(42.86%~50.57%)。样品中REE球粒陨石标准化配分模式与贵州土壤、贵州碳酸盐岩风化壳配分模式很相似,与峨眉山玄武岩配分模式不一致,但其含量略低于贵州碳酸盐岩风化壳的含量;沉积物主要来源于碳酸盐岩,且碳酸盐岩强烈风化成土作用使REE超常富集,在剖面上呈现高ΣREE(平均219.38μg/g)。通过Mg/Ca、MgO/Al2O3、(CaO+K2O+Na2O)/Al2O3、(Fe2O3+Al2O3)/(MgO+CaO)、(K+Na+Ca+Mg)/(Fe+Mn)、(Al+Fe+Mn)/(K+Ca+Mg)和(MgO+Na2O+CaO)/Al2O3等气候指标研究,表明在草海窑上期为湖泊沉积时期,气候经历了由温暖湿润向冷干的转变。同时,认为物源性质、构造运动、气候等共同控制该区沉积物形成。     

硅藻土、石英砂和钾离子促进微生物转化酸性矿山废水中亚铁成次生矿物的研究

嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)能够在低pH值条件下,迅速将Fe2+氧化并产生大量次生羟基硫酸铁沉淀,从而除去水中可溶性Fe2+。这为富含Fe2+的酸性矿山废水(acid mine drainage,AMD)处理提供了新的思路。本文从晶种刺激和阳离子诱导两个方面,分别研究了固定化载体(硅藻土、石英砂)和具有强诱导能力的成矾离子(K+)对微生物转化酸性体系中Fe2+成次生矿物的影响。结果表明,3种材料均有明显促进可溶性Fe2+向次生矿物转化的作用,且总铁(TFe)沉淀率与3种材料的添加量呈正相关关系。在起始Fe2+浓度为160mmol/L,硅藻土、石英砂和钾离子最大添加量分别为10 g、10 g和80 mmol/L时,经过72 h反应后,TFe沉淀率分别比对照增加了8%、24%和20%。矿物中的Fe、K和S元素含量与溶液中的起始K+浓度有非常密切的关系,随着K+浓度的增大,矿物中的K和S含量逐渐增加,而Fe含量则相应减少。     

利用尾矿砂制备镁铁氢氧化物实验研究

以金川铜镍矿尾矿酸浸液为原料,根据矿物沉淀pH值区间的不同,分步分离Fe、Mg的沉淀物以及有价金属Al、Co、Ni、Cu的混合沉淀物,进而制备具有高附加值的Fe(OH)3和Mg(OH)2,同时富集Co、Ni、Cu等有价金属。结果表明,当溶液pH值为3.8时可沉淀分离出主要成分为施威特曼石(schwertmannite)的氢氧化铁前驱体,pH值达到9.8时沉淀富集出Al、Co、Ni、Cu的混合氢氧化物,随即得到只含有Mg离子的溶液。在60℃条件下,将施威特曼石在pH值为12的NaOH溶液中老化36h,可以得到Fe(OH)3。同时,以NaOH调节只含有Mg离子的溶液至pH值为12.4时可获得Mg(OH)2。本研究为金属矿山尾矿的资源化综合利用提供了新的思路与方法。     

焦家金矿床水-岩反应过程及成矿流体组分变化规律

在野外和室内岩相学观察的基础上,详细剖析了蚀变-矿化时序,结合热力学数值模拟方法与定量结果,厘定了水- 岩反应过程中矿物的沉淀次序、流体组分的存在形式、迁移行为、浓度变化和矿物形成机制以及组分之间的化学反应,为 进一步研究水-岩反应与金矿化的关系奠定了基础。研究结果显示反应初期K+由流体带入围岩形成钾长石化,随着反应的 进行,H+浓度持续降低而Fe2+和Al3+含量升高,绢云母和石英大量沉淀,钾长石消失;反应后期各类硫化物开始沉淀,石英 持续沉淀贯穿整个反应过程。成矿流体中SO42-,HS-,Fe2+的含量对蚀变矿物组合影响很大;水-岩反应过程中硫酸盐 （SO42-） 减少生成等量的HS-并伴随着含三价铁矿物的沉淀,可能是焦家金矿床硫化物沉淀的一种重要机制。整个反应过程 中溶液pH值持续升高是原岩中Ca,K,Na,Mg等与溶液中H+发生交换反应的结果;同时pH值的升高也会降低金的溶解度 致使金沉淀。上述研究成果对于理解岩石中的矿物共生组合、生成顺序及蚀变分带的成因机制提供了新的依据。     

利用黄钾铁矾类矿物形成过程预处理高浓度含硫废水

利用黄钾铁矾类矿物形成过程对某高浓度工业含硫废水进行预处理,除去一定量的SO42-,使溶液中低价态的硫继续转化成SO42-,再进行氧化处理。采取二次沉淀除去溶液中更多的SO42-,大大降低了该水样的COD值。通过实验得出沉淀的最佳工艺条件为pH值为2.50～3.20,氯化铁晶体(FeCl3.6H2O)最佳投入量为50g/L。经过两次黄钾铁矾类矿物沉淀过程,该废水COD的去除率达到85.29%,结合H2O2的氧化处理,COD去除率可达96%。为高浓度含硫废水进入生化处理前的预处理提供了实验依据。     

西范坪斑岩铜矿钾硅酸盐化作用的地球化学研究

西范坪铜矿是我国近年来新发现的斑岩型铜矿床。伴随铜矿化发生了强烈的钾硅酸盐化。蚀变作用使成矿主岩的 Si O2 ,K2 O增加 ,Ca O,Na2 O,Fe2 O3 减少 ;大离子亲石元素含量降低 ;L REE减少 ,L a N/ Yb N 比值升高 ,δEu值降低。通过研究认为 ,西范坪铜矿成矿母岩是富钠 (Na2 O>K2 O)斑岩 ,而不是富钾 (K2 O>Na2 O)岩石 ,这说明相对富钠的斑岩也能成矿。     

非水溶性钾矿制取碳酸钾: 副产硅铝胶凝材料

白云鄂博稀土-铌-铁矿床上部围岩产富钾板岩, 其K2O平均含量达13.0%, 钾资源储量巨大.矿石的物相组成以微斜长石、黑云母为主, 是一种重要的非水溶性钾矿资源.实验表明, 以碳酸钠为助剂, 经中温烧结, 矿石分解率达98.2%以上.烧结物料中K₂O的浸出率约70%, 且在水浸酸化反应过程中, 大部分Fe3+、Ti4+、Mn2+、Mg2+、Ca2+等杂质离子与硅铝质胶体同时沉淀析出, 为制取电子级碳酸钾提供了可能.硅铝质胶体滤渣用于制备矿物聚合材料.采用本项技术开发利用此类非水溶性钾矿资源, 符合节能高效和“清洁生产”的要求, 兼有规模化经济效益和良好的环境效益.      

新疆达坂城西南一带奇尔古斯套组硅质岩地球化学特征及成因讨论

奇尔古斯套组硅质岩SiO2含量较高,Al2O3、TiO2含量变化较大,反映出较多的外来物质的加入;Si/ (Al+Fe+Mn)、Al/ (Al+ Fe+ Mn)、MnO/TiO2、Al2 O3/(Al2 O3+ Fe3 O2)值较高,反映其为生物化学成因,形成于大陆边缘环境;Fe2O3/TiO2对Al2O3/(Al2 O3+ Fe2O3)图解同样说明其形成于大陆边缘环境.REE较高,HREE富集不明显,北美页岩标准化后的稀土配分模式曲线较为平坦,向左倾斜不明显,(La/Ce)shale值较低,δCeshale值较高,无明显Ce负异常,反映奇尔古斯套组硅质岩属生物化学成因硅质岩,形成于大陆边缘环境; (La/Ce)shale对Al2 O3/(Al2 O3+Fe2 O3)图解亦说明其形成于大陆边缘环境.微量元素中Hf含量高,而Be、Li、Nb、Rb、Sr、Ta、Th、U、V、Zr含量低;Ba元素含量低;Co、Ni贫富相当,Co/Ni值较高,U/Th值低,说明奇尔古斯套组硅质岩属于正常的生物化学成因的硅质岩.     

东坪金矿床的围岩蚀变和流体特征

东坪金矿床围岩蚀变特征、流体包裹体特征与氢氧同位素特征研究表明,成矿流体富集K⁺、Na⁺、Au⁺、Cl^-和CO₂、H₂S,成矿溶液以岩浆热液为主,但有天水的混合。金在溶液中以Au(HS)₂^-和AuCl₂^-形式存在,构造活动引起的压力突变和流岩反应是引起金沉淀的主要因素。围岩蚀变以钾化为主,其次是硫化、钠化和硅化、碳酸盐化。金矿化与K/Al值呈反相关,与Na/Al值和S/Fe呈正相关。K/Al值的最高点与Na/Al值的最低点的对应关系可以用于圈定矿体。     

西藏狮泉河地区高钾-钾玄质火山岩的岩石学、地球化学及锆石U-Pb年龄

报道的高钾-钾玄质火山岩位于狮泉河镇南东方向约20km处,向东延伸。高钾-钾玄质火山岩Si O2变化于60.35%~68.68%之间,属中酸性岩范畴;具有高的K2O+Na2O含量(8.8%~10.66%),K2O/Na2O值在1.92~2.49之间,Mg O含量较低,介于0.88%~3.47%之间,Al2O3含量为14.02%~14.91%,属于高钾-钾玄质系列。岩石强烈富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Ba、Th、U和轻稀土元素(LREE),高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、Ti具有明显负异常,Cr、Ni、Co相容元素含量低于或接近地壳的平均含量,结合Th/Yb-Ta/Yb、(Th×100)/Zr-(Nb×100)/Zr判别图及La-La/Yb图解,暗示岩浆源区可能为下地壳。在左左乡南东约2km处和狮泉河水泥厂北东约1km处各采集1个高钾-钾玄质火山岩样品,对其中的锆石进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测定,得到的206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值分别为22.04±0.42Ma和22.29±0.31Ma,此年龄被解释为狮泉河一带高钾-钾玄质火山岩的喷发时代,即中新世阿启塔期。由此表明,该火山岩是印度板片向北俯冲时在狮泉河一带俯冲板片断离,岩浆发生部分熔融的产物。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of