大洋平板俯冲的数值模拟再现:洋–陆汇聚速率影响

利用地球动力学数值模拟方法探讨了洋-陆汇聚时,大洋岩石圈的绝对俯冲速率和上覆大陆岩石圈的向洋绝对逆冲速率对俯冲模式的影响,尤其是上覆大陆的向洋绝对逆冲速率与平板俯冲之间的关系。模型结果显示,对于年龄为40 Ma的含正常洋壳厚度的大洋岩石圈,在初始俯冲角度为现今洋–陆俯冲平均倾角的极小值(19°)条件下,低速大洋俯冲(绝对俯冲速率≤3 cm/a)且上覆大陆岩石圈向洋绝对逆冲速率≥1 cm/a时,具备形成平板俯冲的条件。当中–高速大洋俯冲(绝对俯冲速度3 cm/a)时,在上覆大陆的绝对逆冲速率不小于俯冲速率时可以形成平板俯冲。当增加初始俯冲角度到平均倾角的极大值(36°)时,仅在低速大洋俯冲(绝对俯冲速率≤3 cm/a)且绝对逆冲速率达到10 cm/a时(自然界中基本不存在),才有可能出现平板俯冲,其他情况均表现为陡俯冲。我们的模拟结果表明:(1)较高的大洋岩石圈绝对俯冲速率更容易克服板间耦合作用力而有利于陡俯冲形成;(2)较高的上覆大陆绝对逆冲速率更有利于俯冲板片弯曲而趋向于平板俯冲形成;(3)上覆大陆朝向海沟的逆冲速率会在俯冲板片下方产生水平向陆的地幔流,绝对逆冲速率越大该地幔流越强烈,导致作用于板片下表面的水平剪切分量越大而有利于板片弯折和平板俯冲发生;(4)初始俯冲角度的增加对平板俯冲的形成起到强烈抑制作用。这些能被现今平板俯冲,如具相似洋–陆汇聚速率条件的南美洲西海岸平板俯冲实例所验证。     

The Zoulang Nanshan Caledonian Subduct ion Complex in the Northern Qilian Mountains and Its Dynamics

The front of the Zoulang Nanshan Caledonian volcanic island arc zone in the northern Qilian Mountains is a forearc accretionary terrane, composed of multiple accretionary volcanic island arcs, flysch accretionary wedges,high-pressure metamorphosed detachment zones and remnants of ophiolites. It resulted from the northeastward subduction of the Early Palaeozoic Qilan oceanic crust beneath the Alxa block. High-pressure metamorphism, which occurred during the subduction, progressed through three stages: the initial stage of medium T-high P,the main stage of temperature decrease and pressure increase, and the lag stage of pressure decrease and temperature increase. Finally the paper presents a retrotrench subduction dynamic model indicative of northward subduction of the central Qilian block and southward accretion of the Alxa block during the period of 450-500 Ma.     

The Zoulang Nanshan Caledonian Subduction Complex in the Northern Qilian Mountains and Its Dynamics1

Abstract The front of the Zoulang Nanshan Caledonian volcanic island arc zone in the northern Qilian Mountains is a forearc accretionary terrane, composed of multiple accretionary volcanic island arcs, flysch accretionary wedges, high - pressure metamorphosed detachment zones and remnants of ophiolites. It resulted from the northeastward subduction of the Early Palaeozoic Qilan oceanic crust beneath the Alxa block. High - pressure metamorphism, which occurred during the subduction, progressed through three stages: the initial stage of medium T - high P, the main stage of temperature decrease and pressure increase, and the lag stage of pressure decrease and temperature increase. Finally the paper presents a retrotrench subduction dynamic model indicative of northward subduction of the central Qilian block and southward accretion of the Alxa block during the period of 450-500 M a.     

大陆深俯冲的最大深度——来自数值模拟实验的结果

采用粘弹性材料8块体有限元模型并设定温度场后进行的大陆深俯冲二维数值模拟表明,在组合载荷(负浮力、洋中脊推力从上到下10～30MPa 和地幔对流拖曳力100MPa)作用下,陆壳俯冲实际垂向位移可达117km,最终俯冲深度达到147km,而洋壳实际垂向位移约162km,最终俯冲深度达到231km;在洋壳、陆壳俯冲到一定深度以前,它们的俯冲速度基本保持不变,表现为洋壳、陆壳底端的位移-时间曲线近似为直线;当俯冲时间超过9Ma,洋壳、陆壳分别达到167km、96km 深度后,俯冲速度会越来越慢。     

Geochemical constraints on the contribution of Louisville seamount materials to magmagenesis in the Lau back-arc basin,SW Pacific

Seamounts are an integral part of element recycling in global subduction zones. The published trace element and Pb-Sr-Nd isotope data for basaltic lavas from three key segments (Central Lau Spreading Ridge (CLSR), Eastern Lau Spreading Ridge (ELSR), and Valu Fa Ridge (VFR)) of the Lau back-arc basin were compiled to evaluate the contribution of Louisville seamount materials to their magma genesis. Two geochemical transitions, separating three provinces with distinct geochemical characteristics independent of ridge segmentation, were identified based on abrupt geochemical shifts. The origin of the geochemical transitions was determined to be the result of drastic compositional changes of subduction components added into the mantle source, rather than the transition from Indian to Pacific mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) mantle, or due to variable mantle fertilities. The most likely explanation for the drastic shifts in subduction input is the superimposition of Louisville materials on ‘normal’ subduction components consisting predominantly of aqueous fluids liberated from the down-going altered oceanic crust and minor pelagic sediment melts. Quantitative estimation reveals that Louisville materials contributed 0–74% and 21–83% of the Th budget, respectively, to CLSR and VFR lavas, but had no definite contribution to the lavas from the ELSR, which lies farthest away from the subducted Louisville seamount chain (LSC). The spatial association of the subducted LSC with the Louisville-affected segments suggests that the Louisville signature is regionally but not locally available in the Tonga subduction zone. Besides, the preferential melting of subducted old Cretaceous LSC crust instead of the old normal Pacific oceanic crust at similar depths implies that elevated temperature across the subduction interface or seamount erosion and rupture were required to trigger melting. A wider implication of this study, thus, is that seamount subduction may promote efficiency of element recycling in subduction zones.     

A model for the state of brittle failure of the western Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt

The Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) is an igneous arc built above the Middle America subduction zone. Its western section is being extended orthogonally to its axis by several arrays of active normal faults with a combined length of 450 km and including up to 1.5 km of throw. Until now, intra-arc extension in the TMVB has been considered the result of either rifting or retreat of the Rivera and Cocos plates. Observations worldwide and numerical models, however, appear to contradict these ideas. Continental extension in convergent margins takes place where the upper plate moves away from the trench, and the subduction zone is only weakly coupled with the overlying plate. In western Mexico, neither of these relationships applies. A new numerical model presented here is able to explain satisfactorily the state of brittle failure of the TMVB. The model embodies the first-order physics of the northern Middle America subduction zone, and its boundary conditions are consistent with the convergence history of the Rivera and North America plates. Modelling results show that periods of accelerated subduction between the Rivera and North America plates give rise to an increase in suction force under the fore arc. The over-riding plate then bends downwards, building up tensional stress inside the volcanic arc. Failure of the arc follows within 1 million years of pulse initiation. Analysis of the results shows that the steep subduction angle of the Rivera slab, the relief of the volcanic plateau, and the thermal weakening of the lower crust facilitated the failure of the arc. The model demonstrates that a highly coupled subduction zone can cause extension, albeit limited, in the over-riding plate.     

塔里木盆地晚新元古代-早古生代板块构造环境及其构造-沉积响应

塔里木盆地上新元古界-下奥陶统是我国超深层油气勘探的重要领域,但其盆地动力学研究程度低、认识分歧大,制约了塔里木盆地超深层油气地质评价。本文综合近年地质学、地球化学与地球物理资料,探讨塔里木盆地晚新元古代-早古生代板块构造环境及其构造-沉积响应,将其划分为以下5个阶段:(1)新元古代-早古生代经历了前展-后撤-前展俯冲的板块构造演化;(2)南华纪发育后撤俯冲机制下的大陆裂谷沉积体系,不同于地幔柱机制;(3)震旦纪-寒武纪不是裂谷盆地的连续沉积,而是发育后撤-前展俯冲转换期的前寒武纪大不整合面;(4)寒武纪-奥陶纪,塔里木盆地缺乏被动大陆边缘背景,发育一套碳酸盐台地沉积,而且随着原特提斯洋闭合的前展俯冲作用增强,导致了中奥陶世晚期台地从东西分异转向南北分异的沉积演变;(5)晚奥陶世末在前展俯冲造山作用下形成复理石快速充填的类前陆盆地,但没有形成碰撞造山作用下的磨拉石前陆盆地。研究认为,塔里木板块晚新元古代-早古生代多期幕式后撤-前展俯冲机制形成了南华纪强伸展→震旦纪末挤压与寒武纪-早奥陶世弱伸展→中奥陶世晚期-志留纪强挤压的两大构造旋回,并造成了构造-沉积演化的差异性,不同于经典的威尔逊旋回模式及其成盆动力学机制。     

Anatomy of a subduction complex: architecture of the Franciscan Complex,California, at multiple length and time scales

The Franciscan Complex of California records over 150 million years of continuous E-dipping subduction that terminated with conversion to a dextral transform plate boundary. The Franciscan comprises mélange and coherent units forming a stack of thrust nappes, with significant along-strike variability, and downward-decreasing metamorphic grade and accretion ages. The Franciscan records progressive subduction, accretion, metamorphism, and exhumation, spanning the extended period of subduction, rather than events superimposed on pre-existing stratigraphy. High-pressure (HP) metamorphic rocks lack a thermal overprint, indicating continuity of subduction from subduction initiation at ca. 165 Ma to termination at ca. 25 Ma. Accretionary periods may have alternated with episodes of subduction erosion that removed some previously accreted material, but the complex collectively reflects a net addition of material to the upper plate. Mélanges (serpentinite and siliciclastic matrix) with exotic blocks have sedimentary origins as submarine mass transport deposits, whereas mélanges formed by tectonism comprise disrupted ocean plate stratigraphy and lack exotic blocks. The former are interbedded with and grade into coherent siliciclastic units. Palaeomegathrust horizons, separating nappes accreted at different times, appear restricted to narrow zones of <100 m thickness. Exhumation of Franciscan units, both coherent and mélange, was accommodated by significant extension of the hanging wall and cross-sectional extrusion. The amount of total exhumation, as well as exhumation since subduction termination, needs to be considered when comparing Franciscan architecture to modern and ancient subduction complexes. Equal dextral separation of folded Franciscan nappes and late Cenozoic (post-subduction) units across strands of the (post-subduction) San Andreas fault system shows that the folding of nappes took place prior to subduction termination. Dextral separation of similar clastic sedimentary suites in the Franciscan and the coeval Great Valley Group forearc basin is approximately that of the San Andreas fault system, precluding major syn-subduction strike-slip displacement within the Franciscan.     

平坦俯冲及其成矿效应的研究进展、实例分析与展望

平坦俯冲是指上覆大陆板块之下大洋板片低角度近水平俯冲(俯冲角度＜10°),全球10％的俯冲带为平坦俯冲.前人研究表明,安第斯许多大型-超大型斑岩铜矿和浅成低温热液型金矿与平坦俯冲具有直接的成因联系.同时平坦俯冲对造山作用、地震灾害、构造变形、壳幔相互作用等均具有重要的影响,因此开展平坦俯冲研究具有重要意义.本文主要从以下方面系统总结了平坦俯冲研究成果,包括平坦俯冲的主要表现、地质时期俯冲类型的转变、平坦俯冲的演化过程、平坦俯冲形成的可能机制,分析探讨平坦俯冲与增生型造山带之间可能联系、平坦俯冲与斑岩铜矿床的关系、以及平坦俯冲与洋中脊俯冲(板片窗)的区别,并介绍分析了北美Laramide造山带和华南中生代花岗岩带两个可能的平坦俯冲实例,最后给出平坦俯冲及其成矿效应的几点结论,并对我国今后开展相关研究提出了一些思考与展望,指出中亚造山带尤其是哈萨克斯坦巴尔喀什斑岩铜矿带及邻区和班公湖-怒江斑岩铜矿带构成两个潜在的古平坦俯冲发育区,斑岩铜矿极具潜力.     

洋脊俯冲及其在新疆阿尔泰地区存在的可能证据

本文综述了洋脊俯冲的研究历史与现状,论述了与洋脊俯冲相关的各种构造运动、岩浆活动以及成矿特点。同时,系统总结了阿尔泰南缘已报道的可能与洋脊俯冲有关的证据,如埃达克岩和富铌玄武岩、玻安岩、苦橄岩、A型花岗岩、双峰式火山岩、阿拉斯加型杂岩、酸性岩墙群等特殊的岩石类型,以及可能与洋脊俯冲相关的变质变形作用,认为洋脊俯冲模式可以合理的解释阿尔泰南缘的这些岩石组合以及变质变形作用。此外,分析了晚古生代阿尔泰南缘洋脊俯冲的时空分布,阐述了洋脊俯冲对中亚造山带陆壳增生及成矿的意义。     

大陆造山运动：从大洋俯冲到大陆俯冲、碰撞、折返的时限——以北祁连山、柴北缘为例

北祁连山和柴北缘是典型的早古生代大陆造山带,分别发育有北祁连山大洋型俯冲缝合带和柴北缘大陆型俯冲碰撞带.作为早古生代大洋冷俯冲的典型代表,北祁连山经历了从新元古代-寒武纪大洋扩张、奥陶纪俯冲和闭合及早泥盆世隆升造山的过程.高压变质岩变质年龄为490～440Ma,证明古祁连洋经历了至少50m．y．的俯冲过程.柴北缘超高压变质带是大陆深俯冲的结果,岩石学、地球化学和同位素年代学表明,柴北缘超高压变质带中榴辉岩的原岩分别来自洋壳和陆壳两种环境.高压/超高压变质的蛇绿岩原岩的年龄为517±11Ma,与祁连山蛇绿岩年龄一致.榴辉岩早期的变质年龄为443～473Ma,与祁连山高压变质年龄一致,代表大洋地壳俯冲的时代,而柯石英片麻岩和石榴橄榄岩所限定的超高压变质时代为420～426Ma,代表大陆俯冲的年龄.从大洋俯冲结束到大陆俯冲最大深度的转换时间最少需要20m．y．.自420Ma起,俯冲的大洋岩石圈与跟随俯冲的大陆岩石圈断离,大陆地壳开始折返,发生隆升和造山.北祁连山和柴北缘两个不同类型的高压-超高压变质带反映了早古生代从大洋俯冲到大陆俯冲、隆升折返的造山过程.     

大洋岛弧的前世今生

正这些年来似乎地球变小了,人的寿命变长了,90寻常,80刚迈入老年人之列。一些同事和学生为庆祝叶大年院士八十华诞及从事科研六十载在岩石学报出版一期论文专辑,邀请我作序,这才惊奇叶大年院士已近杖朝之年,我和他交往甚密,经常见面就觉不出有什么变化,也就觉不出他的年龄增长。叶大年老师和我是亦师亦友的关系。我称他老师是名正言顺的。最早见到他是在河南许昌地区的野外     

Variation of b and p values from aftershocks sequences along the Mexican subduction zone and their relation to plate characteristics

Aftershock sequences along the Mexican subduction margin (between coordinates 110ºW and 91ºW) were analyzed by means of the p value from the Omori–Utsu relation and the b value from the Gutenberg–Richter relation. We focused on recent medium to large (M_w > 5.6) events considered susceptible of generating aftershock sequences suitable for analysis. The main goal was to try to find a possible correlation between aftershock parameters and plate characteristics, such as displacement rate, age and segmentation. The subduction regime of Mexico is one of the most active regions of the world with a high frequency of occurrence of medium to large events and plate characteristics change along the subduction margin. Previous studies have observed differences in seismic source characteristics at the subduction regime, which may indicate a difference in rheology and possible segmentation. The results of the analysis of the aftershock sequences indicate a slight tendency for p values to decrease from west to east with increasing of plate age although a statistical significance is undermined by the small number of aftershocks in the sequences, a particular feature distinctive of the region as compared to other world subduction regimes. The b values show an opposite, increasing trend towards the east even though the statistical significance is not enough to warrant the validation of such a trend. A linear regression between both parameters provides additional support for the inverse relation. Moreover, we calculated the seismic coupling coefficient, showing a direct relation with the p and b values. While we cannot undoubtedly confirm the hypothesis that aftershock generation depends on certain tectonic characteristics (age, thickness, temperature), our results do not reject it thus encouraging further study into this question.     

Whither the megathrust? Localization of large-scale subduction slip along the contact of a mélange

Long-lived subduction complexes, such as the Franciscan Complex of California, include tectonic contacts that represent exhumed megathrust horizons that collectively accommodated thousands of kilometres of slip. The chaotic nature of mélanges in subduction complexes has spawned proposals that these mélanges form as a result of megathrust displacement. Detailed field and petrographic relationships, however, show that most Franciscan mélanges with exotic blocks formed by submarine landsliding. Field relationships at El Cerrito Quarry in the eastern San Francisco Bay area suggest that subduction slip may have been accommodated between the blueschist facies metagreywacke of the Angel Island nappe above and the prehnite-pumpellyite facies metagreywacke of the Alcatraz nappe below. Although a 100–200 m-thick mélange zone separates the nappes, this mélange is a variably deformed, prehnite-pumpellyite facies sedimentary breccia and conglomerate deposited on the underlying coherent sandstone, so the mélange is part of the lower nappe. A 20–30 m-thick fault zone between the top of the mélange, and the base of the Angel Island nappe displays an inverted metamorphic gradient with jadeite-glaucophane-lawsonite above lawsonite-albite assemblages. This zone has a strong seaward (SW)-vergent shear fabric and hosts ultracataclasite and pseudotachylite. These relationships suggest that significant subduction megathrust displacement at depths of 15–30 km was accommodated within the 20–30 m-thick fault zone. Field studies elsewhere in the Franciscan Complex suggest similar localization of megathrust slip, with some examples lacking mélanges. The narrow megathrust zone at El Cerrito Quarry, its uniform sense-of-shear, and the localization of slip along the contact of, rather than within a mélange, contrast sharply with the predictions of numerical models for subduction channels.     

西藏南羌塘晚三叠世陆缘俯冲增生造山带的褶皱-冲断与增生杂岩双层结构厘定

增生型造山带形成于活动大陆边缘,以宽阔且延伸稳定的增生杂岩为代表,在大洋板块向大陆板块发生缓慢而复杂的俯冲、碰撞过程中,大洋板块、火山岛弧、海山、大陆碎块等沿逐渐后退的海沟拼贴,仰冲板块前端发生刮削作用、底垫作用和构造剥蚀等作用,使得洋壳物质在海沟内壁增生,具体表现为增生杂岩的形成、垂向和侧向的生长,最终实现陆壳的横向生长。陆陆碰撞期间,加入俯冲通道的被动陆缘也将遭受类似的构造作用,从而形成规模较大的陆缘增生杂岩。因此,造山带增生杂岩的物质组成与结构、形成机制和演化过程对解剖洋陆转换过程中的复杂地球动力学过程具有极为关键的作用。西藏南羌塘增生杂岩是近年来通过走廊性地质填图以及多学科交叉工作得到的研究认识。然而,该增生杂岩的物质组成和结构等关键内容还未得到系统的研究,严重阻碍了对其形成机制和演化过程的理解。因此,本文以时空演化为主线,解剖杂岩物质组成和结构,结合俯冲期和同碰撞期大地构造单元,洞察南羌塘增生杂岩的形成演化过程。本次研究显示:(1)南羌塘增生杂岩具有俯冲杂岩在下、褶皱-冲断带在上的双层结构,二者间为大规模的拆离断层系统;(2)俯冲杂岩内不只含有洋板块地层单元,还含有大量的南羌塘被动陆缘物质;(3)褶皱-冲断带虽主要由被动陆缘物质变形改造而来,也含有属于洋板块地层系统的海山和洋内岛弧等物质。结合同俯冲期弧前盆地和楔顶盆地、同碰撞期晚三叠世岩浆的时空分布,高压变质岩的形成与折返时限,南羌塘增生杂岩内的双层结构应主要是陆陆碰撞过程中被动陆缘俯冲的结果,少量形成于大洋俯冲期间的俯冲反向过程中。本文提出的陆缘俯冲导致南羌塘增生杂岩双层结构的研究认识,对理解南羌塘地壳结构、中生代盆地基底形成演化具有较为重要的意义。     

The lithospheric geodynamics of plate boundary transpression in New Zealand: Initiating and emplacing subduction along the Hikurangi margin, and the tectonic evolution of the Alpine Fault system

In contrast to the normal ‘Wilson cycle’ sequence of subduction leading to continental collision and associated mountain building, the evolution of the New Zealand plate boundary in the Neogene reflects the converse—initially a period of continental convergence that is followed by the emplacement of subduction. Plate reconstructions allow us to place limits on the location and timing of the continental convergence and subduction zones and the migration of the transition between the two plate boundary regimes. Relative plate motions and reconstructions since the Early to Mid-Miocene require significant continental convergence in advance of the emplacement of the southward migrating Hikurangi subduction—a sequence of tectonism seen in the present plate boundary geography of Hikurangi subduction beneath North Island and convergence in the Southern Alps along the Alpine Fault. In contrast to a transition from subduction to continental convergence where the leading edge of the upper plate is relatively thin and deformable, the transition from a continental convergent regime, with its associated crustal and lithospheric thickening, to subduction of oceanic lithosphere requires substantial thinning (removal) of upper plate continental lithosphere to make room for the slab. The simple structure of the Wadati–Benioff zone seen in the present-day geometry of the subducting Pacific plate beneath North Island indicates that this lithospheric adjustment occurs quickly. Associated with this rapid lithospheric thinning is the development of a series of ephemeral basins, younging to the south, that straddle the migrating slab edge. Based on this association between localized vertical tectonics and slab emplacement, the tectonic history of these basins records the effects of lithospheric delamination driven by the southward migrating leading edge of the subducting Pacific slab. Although the New Zealand plate boundary is often described as simply two subduction zones linked by the transpressive Alpine Fault, in actuality the present is merely a snapshot view of an ongoing and complex evolution from convergence to subduction.     

On the role of subducting oceanic plateaus in the development of shallow flat subduction

Oceanic plateaus, aseismic ridges or seamount chains all have a thickened crust and their subduction has been proposed as a possible mechanism to explain the occurrence of flat subduction and related absence of arc magmatism below Peru, Central Chile and at the Nankai Trough (Japan). Their extra compositional buoyancy could prohibit the slab from sinking into the mantle. With a numerical thermochemical convection model, we simulated the subduction of an oceanic lithosphere that contains an oceanic crustal plateau of 18-km thickness. With a systematic variation, we examined the required physical parameters to obtain shallow flat subduction. Metastability of the basaltic crust in the eclogite stability field is of crucial importance for the slab to remain buoyant throughout the subduction process. In a 44-Ma-old subducting plate, basalt must be able to survive a temperature of 600–700 °C to keep the plate buoyant sufficiently long to cause a flat-slab segment. We found that the maximum yield stress in the slab must be limited to about 600 MPa to allow for the necessary bending to the horizontal. Young slabs show flat subduction for larger parameter ranges than old slabs, since they are less gravitationally unstable and show less resistance against bending. Hydrous weakening of the mantle wedge area and lowermost continent are required to allow for the necessary deformation of a change in subduction style from steep to flat. The maximum flat slab extent is about 300 km, which is sufficient to explain the observed shallow flat subduction near the Nankai Trough (Japan). However, additional mechanisms, such as active overthrusting by an overriding continental plate, need to be invoked to explain the flat-slab segments up to 500 km long below Peru and Central Chile.     

柴北缘超高压变质带：从大洋到大陆的深俯冲过程

    柴北缘超高压变质带同我国大别- 苏鲁造山带类似,同属典型的大陆型俯冲碰撞带。柯石英在榴辉岩和片麻岩中均 有发现,且石榴橄榄岩锆石中含有金刚石。本文从岩石学、温压计算、地球化学和年代学四个方面,对此带中的鱼卡、绿 梁山、锡铁山和都兰4 个榴辉岩和石榴橄榄岩出露地区近些年的研究进展进行了系统详细的综述。与典型的大陆型俯冲碰 撞带不同,柴北缘超高压变质带保存了早期陆壳俯冲前发生的洋壳深俯冲的证据。因此,结合现有数据,本文对柴北缘超 高压变质带从大洋俯冲到大陆俯冲碰撞的构造演化模式进行了探讨。     

中国蓝片岩带的分布及其构造意义

在前人研究的基础上, 根据变质时代及产地将中国蓝片岩带划分为20个带, 选取不同时代典型蓝片岩带论述其特征(分布区域、大体规模、原岩特征、形成时代及矿物组合), 并对其地质成因进行分析。中国蓝片岩带生成方式复杂, 但均与俯冲消减作用有关, 且大多属B型俯冲消减; 部分地段叠加了A型俯冲的高压—超高压变质带(如阿尔金带、大别-苏北带、南迦巴瓦-密支那带等)。中国蓝片岩带在时代上可以分为元古代(晋宁期)、古生代(加里东—海西期)、中生代(印支—燕山期)和新生代(喜马拉雅期)4个时期, 每个时期蓝片岩带的形成大多与中国地体增生过程中洋盆的消减俯冲有关, 并在特定地段经历后期的陆内俯冲(高压—超高压俯冲)叠加影响。      

东亚大陆边缘的俯冲带构造

东亚大陆边缘自北向南发育了琉球海沟和马尼拉海沟等俯冲带。简要论述了这些俯冲带的构造特征、演化历史和一些科学前缘问题 ;认为愈来愈多的地球科学问题 ,如地震的发生机制、俯冲板块动力学等 ,集中在俯冲板块边界 ;解决弧后盆地成因和中国大陆边缘张裂过程等许多地质科学问题 ,有待于对俯冲带构造演化的深入了解。同时 ,在这些俯冲带发现了丰富的天然气水合物 ,具有良好的资源前景 ,因而 ,俯冲带的构造研究成为科学研究的前沿热点