鲁西徂徕山地区傲来山序列二长花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年及其地质意义

出露于鲁西徂徕山地区的傲来山序列二长花岗岩是鲁西新太古代岩浆作用的重要记录,在野外地质工作的基础上,通过对其进行锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素年代学研究,得到了二长花岗岩的形成时代,并对鲁西地区新太古代的岩浆活动进行了讨论。研究得到,谐和度90%的锆石中存在岩浆锆石~2 520Ma和继承性岩浆锆石2611Ma~2 766Ma两个年龄区间。岩浆锆石的加权平均年龄为(2 525±18)Ma,认为这一年龄代表了二长花岗岩的形成年龄。2 611Ma~2 766Ma继承性岩浆锆石的存在反映了鲁西地区至少经历了2次壳源物质的重熔和加入。     

伊犁地块北缘别珍套山中泥盆统汗吉尕组物源特征及其地质意义

天山造山带位于中亚造山带西南缘,是探索中亚造山带增生造山过程的重要窗口。西北天山是伊犁地块与准噶尔地块的结合部位,保存了两者之间构造演化的重要地质信息。出露于伊犁地块北缘别珍套山的泥盆系是记录西北天山晚古生代早期构造演化过程的重要载体。基于此,对中泥盆统汗吉尕组砂岩进行岩相学和LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb定年与微量元素研究。结果表明:碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄介于500~370 Ma,并可以分为两期,主峰年龄为386 Ma,次峰年龄为490 Ma,结合岩相学和锆石微量元素特征,汗吉尕组砂岩的物源主要为晚古生代早期中酸性岩浆岩和早古生代早—中期中基性岩浆岩。综合分析认为,汗吉尕组于中泥盆世晚期沉积于弧前盆地沉积构造环境,物源主要为伊犁地块北缘的古生代岩浆弧,暗示伊犁地块北缘在晚古生代早期受准噶尔洋向南俯冲作用影响,为活动大陆边缘。     

南祁连造山带新元古代后碰撞岩浆作用:年代学和地球化学证据

南祁连造山带南缘乌北地体中的柯柯沙花岗岩岩浆作用记录了中国西北部响应全球Rodinia超大陆汇聚过程中长时间的后碰撞花岗岩岩浆作用历史。柯柯沙花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年获得其锆石结晶年龄分别为(861±9)~(863±4)Ma和(827±6)~(830±8)Ma,变质锆石年龄为(463±3)Ma。结合先期获得的年龄数据,柯柯沙花岗岩体可能为约860 Ma和810~830 Ma的两阶段岩浆作用产物。花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩分别呈弱过铝质和弱—强过铝质的高钾钙碱性S型花岗岩特征,其岩浆形成于后碰撞阶段的伸展构造环境,源区岩石主要为变质杂砂岩,岩浆部分熔融温度约为800℃,压力在0.9~1.4GPa之间。综上所述,乌北地体主碰撞阶段结束于860 Ma之前。     

准噶尔盆地东北缘卡拉麦里花岗质岩体年代学、地球化学特征及铀成矿潜力

准噶尔盆地东北缘卡拉麦里地区发育大量花岗质岩体,岩性主要为碱长花岗岩,以及少量石英二长岩和二长花岗岩.以上述3种岩体为研究对象,进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素和岩石地球化学研究.花岗质岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为325～308 Ma,形成时代为晚石炭世.岩石地球化学特征显示其属于准铝质—弱过铝质高钾钙...     

内蒙古乌兰五台地区三叠纪铝质A型花岗岩年代学及地球化学特征

基于1∶50 000区域地质调查工作,在内蒙古乌兰五台地区识别出铝质A型花岗岩。通过研究该套斑状二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征,分析其成因类型,探讨早—中三叠世该区大地构造环境特征。结果表明:内蒙古乌兰五台地区斑状二长花岗岩单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均值为(231.84±0.99)Ma,是印支期岩浆活动的产物,其岩石组合为中细粒、细粒斑状二长花岗岩;岩石地球化学特征属于高钾钙碱性系列,主量元素与微量元素表现为高硅、高碱,w(K2O)/w(Na2O)1,A/CNK值为1.01~1.10的特点;Eu负异常明显,Rb、Th、K、Pb相对富集,Sr、Ti亏损;Ba、Nb、Sr、Ti呈现明显负异常,Rb、Th、K、Pb呈现明显正异常,w(Rb)/w(Sr)、w(Rb)/w(Ba)值高,w(Sr)/w(Ba)值低。上述特征显示该花岗岩为中—下地壳脱水部分熔融形成的岩浆侵位,可能形成于后碰撞挤压环境下的局部拉张构造环境,标志着大规模碰撞造山运动的结束和新的板内构造运动演化阶段的开始。     

全吉地块莫河片麻岩原岩侵位年龄的再研究

莫河片麻岩位于全吉地块东段,其原岩为花岗闪长质-二长花岗质侵入体。前人对该片麻岩的锆石年龄测定结果相差
约120Ma。在野外详细地质观察基础上重新采集样品,用LA-ICP-MS法重新测定了15颗岩浆成因锆石的U-Pb年龄,结果得上
交点年龄为(2394±31)Ma(2s)(MSWD=0.82)。由于锆石也受到变质变形作用的强烈改造,认为该年龄可能更接近于该片麻
岩原岩的侵位年龄。新的定年结果表明,全吉地块存在近2.4Ga的花岗岩类侵入活动。      

内蒙古东乌旗巴彦都兰二长花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

为了解晚古生代西伯利亚板块南缘增生造山过程中的岩浆活动特征,对东乌旗巴彦都兰二长花岗岩岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学、锆石Hf同位素和岩石地球化学进行了研究,并讨论了岩石成因和构造环境。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果为(277.2±0.7)Ma,以正的锆石ε_Hf(t)(6.8~14.1)为特征,具有年轻的锆石地壳模式年龄(tc_DM)(865~655 Ma),属于早二叠世晚期岩浆活动产物。二长花岗岩以高钾[w(K)=3.63%~4.95%,K₂O/Na₂O=0.91~1.47]、富碱[w(K₂O+Na₂O)=7.52%~9.16%]、准铝质-弱过铝质(A/CNK=0.96~1.15)为特征;稀土元素总量较低(38.82×10-6~193.20×10-6),(La/Yb)_N为3.91~23.08,轻、重稀土元素分异较明显,呈弱负铕异常(δEu为0.34~1.17);富集部分大离子亲石元素(LREE、Rb、K等);Zr弱负异常、Hf弱正异常,亏损Sr、Nb、Ta、P、Ti,显示后造山花岗岩特征。综合分析表明,巴彦都兰二长花岗岩形成于伸展的构造环境中,是贺根山洋盆闭合后的后造山阶段产物,为865~655 Ma前洋壳俯冲形成的先成地壳部分熔融而成。      

滇西腾冲地块勐连花岗岩及暗色包体锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征

滇西腾冲地块是东特提斯构造带的重要组成部分,广泛发育中生代和新生代岩浆作用。出露于腾冲地块东南部的勐连花岗岩及暗色包体的锆石U-Pb定年显示,勐连花岗岩形成时代为(127±2)Ma,暗色包体为(125±2)Ma。勐连花岗岩主要岩石类型为石英二长岩、花岗闪长岩和黑云母二长花岗岩,属于高钾钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩,兼具部分S型花岗岩的过铝质特征。虽然暗色包体与花岗岩形成时代基本一致,但是暗色包体的矿物粒度更小,稀土元素总质量分数((305.2~322.8)×10-6)更高,同时具有较高的w(Nb)/w(Ta)值(18.2~19.5)、较低的Pb同位素组成和更亏损的εNd(t)值,表明勐连花岗岩内暗色包体应为异源包体,可能是基性岩浆侵入酸性岩浆中淬冷的产物。勐连花岗岩的全岩Sr-Nd同位素随SiO2并没有明显的变化趋势,暗示地壳物质混染作用并不显著。Ba-Sr图解显示勐连花岗岩主要经历了斜长石和钾长石的分离结晶过程。二阶段Nd模式年龄(1.37~1.58Ga)和上地壳类似的Pb同位素组成暗示中元古代高黎贡山群是勐连花岗岩的主要物质源区。但与高黎贡山花岗岩相比,更亏损的εNd(t)值暗示勐连花岗岩源区中存在亏损地幔物质的加入。整体上,全岩初始N(87Sr)/N(86Sr)值(0.710 020~0.712 001)和εNd(t)值(-4.6~-2.1)暗示勐连花岗岩与拉萨地块北部岩浆带具有类似的形成环境。结合岛弧特征的构造环境和高w(Nb)/w(Ta)值的异源暗色包体,认为勐连花岗岩及暗色包体的形成可能是中特提斯洋俯冲-碰撞-闭合过程的产物。     

鲁东地区玲珑型（超单元）花岗岩的锆石SHRIMP定年

玲珑型(超单元)花岗岩主要岩性为不同粒度的二长花岗岩,原划为新元古代震旦纪.根据在招掖地区新测的锆石SHRIMP U一Pb年龄,崔召单元中粒二长花岗岩为(158±3) Ma、郭家店单元中粗粒二长花岗岩为(144±3)Ma;昆嵛山地区九曲单元弱片麻状中粒二长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄(153±2) Ma.玲珑型(超单元)锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素年龄值集中在160～140 Ma,结合宏观与其他地质体相互关系,改划为侏罗纪.玲珑型(超单元)花岗岩体属于侏罗纪钙碱系列的侵入体,主要显示长英质陆壳深熔花岗岩的特征.推断其形成于中下地壳深度,可能来源于加厚陆壳的部分熔融,是加厚下地壳拆沉作用的产物,而且可能标志着中国东部岩石圈减薄的开始.     

西秦岭多哇地区萨日加岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

西秦岭造山带发育大量的印支期高钾钙碱性花岗岩,它们的成岩时代和岩石成因对认识西秦岭岩浆活动和构造演化具有重要意义。对西秦岭多哇地区萨日加岩体进行了详细的野外地质调查、岩相学观察、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和全岩地球化学研究,旨在查明该岩体的年龄、成因类型以及成岩地球动力学背景。结果表明:萨日加岩体由英安斑岩、花岗斑岩及少量石英闪长岩组成;花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(238.2±2.6)Ma(平均标准权重偏差(MSWD)为1.7);萨日加岩体属于过铝质高钾钙碱性岩石系列,富集大离子亲石元素Th、Rb、K和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti等,指示其岩浆源区具有壳幔混合的特征;岩石的主量、微量元素特征显示,英安斑岩属于I型花岗岩,形成于洋-陆俯冲岛弧环境;花岗斑岩倾向于S型花岗岩,形成于大陆碰撞构造环境。由此认为,萨日加岩体形成于晚三叠世西秦岭由洋-陆俯冲岛弧向陆-陆碰撞转变的构造环境。     

GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF Fe,Mn,Co,As,Cr,Sb,Zn,Sc AND V IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS FROM JIAOZHOU BAY

The contents of nearly forty-elements in surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay were determined using a Neutron Activation Analysis Technique(Grancini,et al.,1976;Li Peiquan et al.,1985,1986;Li Xiuxia etal.,1986).This paper's detailed discussion on only nine elements(Fe,Mn,Co,Cr,Sc,As,Sb,Zn andV)includes their distributions,concentrations,correlationships,material sources,background,etc.Based on Zavaristski's classification method,Fe,Mn,Co Cr and V belong to the second group;As and Sb to theeighth groups:Sc and Zn to the third and sixth groups.It was found that their notably good correla-tionship is mainly due to the similarity of their ionic structures and that their variation is controlled by theFe content(except Mn).The source of sediments is mainly terristrial material,and the composition ofsediment is similar to that of shale and shale+clay.The contents for a large number of ele-ments are within the scope of the background level,but there still is pollution of Zn and Cr,at least in a few stations.     

氟、氯、溴、碘等卤族元素与人体健康的关系

卤族元素是人体的必需元素,正常情况下成人摄入量不超过F4 mg/d、C11.7～5.1g/d、I 100～200μg/d;少年不超过F 3 mg/d,儿童I1μg/kg-d,婴儿Cl0.3～1.2 g/d.过量摄入或缺乏卤族元素,都可能导致疾病的发生.而F含量0.5～1.0mg/L、C1＜50mg/L、Br＞100μg/L、I 10～100μg/L的饮用地下水,有利于人体健康.     

Controlling mechanisms for the trace metals, (Cu,Zn, Cd,Fe, Co and Ni) in anoxic sea water in Saanich Inlet,British Columbia,Canada

A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawater. Data on the concentration of these trace metals and H₂S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruises. Equilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and/or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S₄) ₂ ³⁻ and Cu(Sn₄S₅)³⁻, Zn(HS) ₂ ⁰ and ZnHS ₂ ⁻ , Cd(HS) ₂ ⁰ and Ni(HS) ₂ ⁰ , respectively. The solid species controlling Fe²⁺ and Co²⁺ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H₂S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H₂S−O₂-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H₂S−O₂-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new species of trace metals are still in the processes of reduction and precipitation. Contribution No. 1428 from Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

Effects of small peptides,probiotics, prebiotics,and synbiotics on growth performance,digestive enzymes,and oxidative stress in orange-spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides,juveniles reared in artificial seawater

Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics( Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics(inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations(13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics(combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme(total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control(28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions.     

气、水、岩、生、人相互作用及其环境效应

这里所指示的大气圈、水圈、岩石圈、生物圈以及人类的作用千变万化,从而对人类的生存造成巨大影响,构成了一个复杂的生态环境,讨论这些问题,对人类生存至关重要。     

GROWTH, REPRODUCTION & POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE FRESHWATER CRAB SINOPOTAMON YANG TSEKIENSE BOTT, 1967, FROM ZHEJIANG, CHINA

Monthly investigatiom were made on the population of Chinese freshwater crab, Sinopotamon yangteskiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to Match, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occured from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June-October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June-August, and crabs with young were found from July-October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-bom crabs become mature after 1-2 yeats. The sex ratio was approximately 1:1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution of S. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs     

Growth,reproduction & population structure of the freshwater crabSinopotamon yangtsekiense bott, 1967, from Zhejiang,China

Monthly investigations were mae on the population of Chinese freshwater crab,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to March, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occurred from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June–October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June–August, and crabs with young were found from July–October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-born crabs become mature after 1–2 years. The sex ratio was approximately 1∶1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution ofS. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs (over 70%) from June to October and more immature crabs (over 50%) from November to May.     

石漠化的成因机理与防治对策

从石漠化的研究现状出发,依据我国西南岩溶石山地区石漠化特征,着重分析其主要控制介质为岩性、构造、地貌、气候、岩溶、地下水、植被等自然介质因子与森林砍伐、高坡开垦等人为介质因子.石漠化是以岩溶山区脆弱的岩溶生态环境为基础,以内、外地质作用和人类恶性生态地质作用为驱动力,以资源退化和恶化为本质,基岩不断裸露,生态环境不断恶化,周而复始的恶性循环过程.提出对石漠化的研究重点是成因机理研究,对石漠化的防治应着重于对石漠化的驱动力及其主导因子的防治,阐述了治山必须先治水等防治对策与建议.     

CONTROLLING MECHANISMS FOR THE TRACE METALS,(Cu,Zn, Cd, Fe, Co AND Ni) IN ANOXIC SEA WATER IN SAANICH INLET, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA

A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawaler. Data on the concentrations of these trace metals and H2S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruisesEquilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The" results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and /or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S4)23- and Cu(S4S5)3-, Zn(HS)20 and ZnHS2-, Cd(HS)20 and Ni(HS)20 respectively. The solid species controlling Fe2 + and Co2+ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H2S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new s