福建清流国母洋钨矿床地质特征及找矿标志

清流国母洋钨矿产于晚侏罗世花岗岩体与震旦纪三溪寨组变质岩内接触带中,受北东向构造控制。根据矿石结构构造、矿物共生组合和围岩蚀变特征,结合相邻矿区典型矿床研究,初步认为该矿床属于高-中温热液石英脉型黑钨矿矿床。     

大吉山钨矿床成矿的新认识

在综合分析大吉山花岗岩型和石英脉型钨矿床的矿体形态、矿石成分及蚀变、结构构造特征以及硫、氢氧同位素地质特征的基础上，主要依据花岗岩型钨矿体上部出现似伟晶岩带、石英带，矿体呈似层状，发育钨巢，围岩蚀变微弱的特点；石英脉型钨矿普遍出现“砂包”，矿化最强的中部围岩蚀变弱，甚至不发育，脉石矿物与钨巢中造岩矿物相似等特点。提出大吉山钨矿床是由岩浆液态分离成矿作用形成的新认识。     

甘肃东沟金矿床地质矿化特征及找矿方向

东沟构造蚀变岩-石英脉型金矿床,位于关子镇-元家坪和娘娘坝-舒家坝两条韧性剪切带与天子山和磨扇沟花岗岩体的夹持区,金矿化严格受其次级近EW向断裂控制,后期断裂构造对矿体具一定破坏作用。矿石类型地表以构造蚀变岩型为主,向深部过渡为石英脉型,褐铁矿、黄铁矿、毒砂是主要载金矿物。围岩蚀变以硅化、褐铁矿化、黄铁矿化、绢云母化为特征。中基性火山岩、韧脆性断裂构造、中酸性岩浆侵入“三位一体”是控制矿床形成的基本条件,近EW向断裂蚀变带及延伸部位是找矿有利地段。     

桂北地区剪切带型金矿成矿机理研究

桂北地区金矿划分为石英脉型、石英细脉带型和构造蚀变岩型金矿.不同级别剪切带构造控制矿化集中区、矿床、矿体分布以及矿脉形态、产状和矿化类型,具有上部石英脉型、中部石英细脉带型、下部构造蚀变岩型金矿的矿化分带模式.金质矿源主要来源于上地壳围岩,硫源主要来自深部,金矿成矿溶液主要来源于大气降水,热源来自变质和构造运动,成矿时代主要为燕山期.矿床成因属是产于前寒武纪浅变质碎屑岩系的与脆一韧性剪切带有关的中低温热液脉状金矿.     

花石山金矿床特征及找矿前景分析

产于震旦-奥陶系葫芦河群石嘴组地层之断裂破碎带中的花石山构造(热液)蚀变岩型金矿,矿床规模已达中型.矿石以含金石英脉型及构造蚀变岩型为主,褐铁矿、黄铁矿是主要的载金矿物.围岩蚀变以硅化、褐铁矿化、黄铁矿化、绢云母化为特征.海相沉积岩及中酸性火山岩、脆韧性断裂构造、中酸性岩浆侵入"三位一体"是控制矿床形成的基本条件.区内成矿条件优越,具有形成大型金矿的可能性,近东西向断裂蚀变延伸带是寻找金矿的有利地段.     

五台山区康家沟金矿床地质特征及找矿方向探讨

康家沟金矿属绿岩带型金矿。矿床（体）产于韧性剪切带中。NEE向构造为储矿（导矿）构造。矿床（体）由含金石英脉与其间蚀变岩组成。品位高低决定于含金石英脉的数量。含铁石英岩及其周围糜棱岩化带为近矿围岩。     

福建霞浦大湾铍钼矿床地质特征及成因初探

霞浦大湾铍钼矿体主要产于晚侏罗世南园群鹅宅组与赤水组火山碎屑岩接触带附近的裂隙带中,辉钼矿石英脉呈脉状、铍矿体呈似层状分布在脉状辉钼矿体两侧,围岩蚀变具水平分带和垂直分带特征,以中-高温面状蚀变为主,成矿作用与岩浆活动和裂隙构造关系密切,属中-高温热液充填-交代型铍钼矿床,成矿时代为晚侏罗世。     

安徽庐枞沙溪斑岩铜矿蚀变及矿化特征研究

沙溪斑岩铜矿是长江中下游成矿带中部庐枞火山岩盆地外围的一个大型铜矿床.本文在前人工作基础上,基于详细的野外观察和系统的岩相学、矿相学工作,详细研究了矿床的蚀变特征及分带.结果表明,矿床的蚀变类型有钾硅酸盐化、青磐岩化、长石分解蚀变和高岭土化,从深到浅依次发育有钾硅酸盐化、长石分解蚀变叠加钾硅酸盐化、长石分解蚀变和高岭土化等蚀变.确定了矿化特征、矿物生成顺序并划分了成矿阶段,即:钾硅酸盐阶段、石英硫化物阶段和石英碳酸盐阶段,其中,石英硫化物阶段又可进一步分为石英硫化物亚阶段和绿帘石-绿泥石亚阶段.基于蚀变及矿化特征认为,沙溪铜矿床的矿化始于钾硅酸盐阶段的晚期,石英硫化物亚阶段是黄铜矿主要的沉淀阶段,石英碳酸盐阶段也对成矿贡献了部分铜质.与世界上不同构造环境的典型斑岩铜矿床对比认为,沙溪矿床总体上与这些矿床的蚀变、矿化特征类似;与陆缘弧、岛弧、陆内碰撞造山后伸展环境矿床在矿体产出位置、蚀变分带方面相似;而由于围岩性质的差异,与板内环境的德兴矿床在矿体位置、蚀变分带方面存在差异,但是二者在脉体类型特别是与矿化关系密切的脉体特征上较为一致.因此,对于斑岩型矿床而言,构造背景可能控制了其岩浆的形成、演化以及含矿性,而岩浆岩最终定位的深度、围岩等条件则控制了其蚀变、矿化特征.     

西藏一个与火山-次火山岩有关的金矿——林周县森布棍巴金矿点

森布棍巴金矿产于新生代林子宗群火山-次火山岩中,矿体主要产于次火山岩体及其与围岩的内外接触带中,火山机构是重要控矿构造,也是主要赋矿构造.对矿化石英脉和蚀变围岩的H、O和S、Pb等同位素地球化学的初步分析表明,成矿流体主要为火山-次火山热液,矿质主要来源于地幔深部,流体包裹体表现出弱酸性的中温特征,矿床成因上应属于中温火山-次火山热液交代构造破碎蚀变岩型金矿床     

云南元阳大坪金矿地质特征及找矿标志

元阳大坪金矿床为含金多金属硫化物石英脉型中温热液矿床.该金矿位于哀牢山构造变质带南段之主构造方向的转折部位.次级断裂严格控制矿体的分布、规模和形态.石英脉是主要的找矿标志,民间采矿遗迹是找矿的直接标志,围岩蚀变是间接找矿标志.     

栖霞市西陡崖矿床地质特征及找矿方向

西陡崖金矿为台前-陡崖成矿带上又一新发现的金矿床,该金矿受台前-陡崖断裂带严格控制,矿体呈脉状、透镜状;矿床平均品位3.96×10-6,平均厚度1.67 m;围岩蚀变主要有黄铁绢英岩化,矿石中金属矿物主要为银金矿、自然金,黄铁矿等,矿床属岩浆期后中低温热液交代破碎蚀变岩型矿床。通过分析研究,西陡崖金矿在深部及外围找矿前景较大。     

豫西熊耳山地区槐树坪金矿岩石-土壤找矿指示元素的确定及其应用

槐树坪金矿床位于河南省洛阳市嵩县境内,是豫西熊耳山地区近年来新发现的大型金矿床。本次研究对槐树坪金矿区地表及井下不同类型的较新鲜围岩、蚀变岩和矿石以及地表1∶20000面积性土壤采样,分析29项微量元素,从岩石和土壤两种采样介质来确定槐树坪金矿床的地球化学找矿指示元素。一方面基于较新鲜围岩的元素含量特征确定每个微量元素在该区岩石中的异常下限,进而分别计算了蚀变岩和矿石中微量元素平均含量与异常下限的比值,即异常衬度。按照异常衬度大于1.4的标尺确定了蚀变岩与矿石中明显富集的微量元素组合。另一方面,基于Au与28项微量元素在较新鲜围岩、蚀变岩、矿石三种介质中含量关系散点图直观确定了指示金成矿的微量元素组合。综合二者确定出槐树坪金矿区岩石地球化学找矿的指示元素组合为Au、Ag、As、Sb、Hg、Sn、Mo、Bi、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Nb计13项。针对地表1∶20000面积性土壤调查,采用上述岩石中异常衬度为1.4作为土壤异常下限绘制了槐树坪金矿区微量元素的地球化学异常剖析图,以槐树坪金矿区已探明鸡公山一带的主成矿段为模型确定了土壤地球化学找矿的指示元素组合为Au、Ag、As、Sb、Hg、Bi、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、B计11项。综合上述结果认为在找矿指示元素组合方面土壤对岩石具有明显的继承性。基于岩石与土壤介质中共同的10项找矿指示元素,构建了归一化的综合异常指标,以鸡公山矿段为标准对整个槐树坪矿区进行了综合评价,发现槐树坪矿区内马蹄沟、秦佛爷沟、姜疙瘩和天坪西4处具有类似鸡公山矿段的找矿潜力。     

广西岑溪市鸭坑银矿地质特征

岑溪市鸭坑银矿位于桂东南铅锌金银多金属成矿带北东段，产于下奥陶统上段含砾砂岩、泥岩的蚀变断裂破碎带中。在分析研究矿床地质背景、构造特征、矿石矿物特征及围岩蚀变特征的基础上，指出该矿床属蚀变构造岩型独立银矿，找矿标志主要是断裂构造、地球化学异常、围岩蚀变、民采遗迹标志等，提出在佛子冲外围寻找该类型银矿的找矿模式。     

Geological and geochemical characteristics and formation mechanisms of the Zhaishang Carlin-like type gold deposit,western Qinling Mountains,China

Located in the western part of the Min–Li metallogenic belt within the western Qinling Mountains, the Zhaishang gold deposit is a giant Carlin-like disseminated gold deposit discovered recently. The ore deposit is present both in rocks of low grade metamorphic Middle Devonian and Lower Permian clastic formation, which is composed of quartz sandstone, siltstone, calcareous slate and argillaceous limestone. Gold mineralization is strictly controlled by a fault zone. Minerals in ores are quite complex and consist of sulfides, sulfosalt, oxides, sulfate, carbonate, tungstate, telluride, native metals, and polymetallic alloys. The diversity of mineral in the ores and the existence of microscopic visible native gold constitute the outstanding features of the gold deposit.We believe that the mineral source of the ore deposit has a close connection with the host rocks, because all samples show the light of the REE distribution patterns. The S, C, Pb, H and O isotopic compositions show that the ore-forming elements were mainly derived from the country rocks, the underlying rocks, and partially deep sources. Data obtained suggest that the ore-forming fluids were derived predominantly from an active meteoric groundwater system. Mineralization and related alteration have features of a low water/rock ratio. Ore-forming temperatures are estimated to have been in the range from 120 to 240 °C. The dissolution of ferruginous limestone in the host rocks and the sulfidation of the dissolved iron by H₂S introduced by ore fluids constituted not only the most important depositional mechanisms for the existence of microscopic visible gold grains but also favorable conditions for gold enrichment in the Zhaishang gold deposit.     

内蒙古敖汉旗岱王山金矿田地质特征和资源潜力预测

岱王山金矿田是著名的赤峰-朝阳金矿化集中区内新近发现并勘查的一个重要金矿田,包括岱王山金矿及其东西两侧的峰水山金矿和中井金矿。它们并不是常见的产在老变质岩或岩浆岩中的高品位石英脉型金矿化,而是产在石炭纪砂板岩内的层控-层状的低品位蚀变岩型金矿化,是赤峰-朝阳金矿化集中区内一种新的金矿化类型。矿田内共划分出四条北东向矿化蚀变破碎带,圈定了82条金矿体。矿体多呈似层状、透镜状产在层间构造中,赋矿围岩主要为石炭纪轻微变质的砂板岩,金属矿物主要为黄铁矿和自然金。由于工作程度低,对矿床成因还无法做出较深的讨论。本文把矿田内的金矿成矿期次划分为3期:沉积期、热液成矿期和表生期。对该矿田内矿床地质勘查资料的综合研究表明,岱王山、峰水山和中井矿区的深部、矿区间连接部位以及岱王山矿区北侧和中井金矿西侧均有较好的找矿潜力。本文的结果将为今后同类金矿的找矿勘查提供重要参考。     

内蒙古朱拉扎嘎金矿床成矿特征及其与穆龙套型金矿床的异同性

内蒙古朱拉扎嘎金矿床是一个低品位、规模大,并具有细脉-微细脉浸染和蚀变特征的金矿床.矿床赋存于中新元古代沉积变质岩中,受层间破碎带的控制.矿石矿物组成有金属硫化物石英、长石,少量方解石、黏土矿.金以晶隙金为主,成矿溶液主要来自岩浆热液活动,成矿温度平均在286℃,成矿物质来源既有赋矿地层的提供,也有深部物质的参与.该矿床在成矿地质背景、赋矿岩石、矿化形成、矿物组合和成矿作用等方面均与穆龙套型金矿床具有可对比性.     

Orogenic Gold Mineralization in the Qolqoleh Deposit, Northwestern Iran

The Qolqoleh gold deposit is located in the northwestern part of the Sanandai‐Sirjan Zone, northwest of Iran. Gold mineralization in the Qolqoleh deposit is almost entirely confined to a series of steeply dipping ductile–brittle shear zones generated during Late Cretaceous–Tertiary continental collision between the Afro‐Arabian and the Iranian microcontinent. The host rocks are Mesozoic volcano‐sedimentary sequences consisting of felsic to mafic metavolcanics, which are metamorphosed to greenschist facies, sericite and chlorite schists. The gold orebodies were found within strong ductile deformation to late brittle deformation. Ore‐controlling structure is NE–SW‐trending oblique thrust with vergence toward south ductile–brittle shear zone. The highly strained host rocks show a combination of mylonitic and cataclastic microstructures, including crystal–plastic deformation and grain size reduction by recrystalization of quartz and mica. The gold orebodies are composed of Au‐bearing highly deformed and altered mylonitic host rocks and cross‐cutting Au‐ and sulfide‐bearing quartz veins. Approximately half of the mineralization is in the form of dissemination in the mylonite and the remainder was clearly emplaced as a result of brittle deformation in quartz–sulfide microfractures, microveins and veins. Only low volumes of gold concentration was introduced during ductile deformation, whereas, during the evident brittle deformation phase, competence contrasts allowed fracturing to focus on the quartz–sericite domain boundaries of the mylonitic foliation, thus permitting the introduction of auriferous fluid to create disseminated and cross‐cutting Au‐quartz veins. According to mineral assemblages and alteration intensity, hydrothermal alteration could be divided into three zones: silicification and sulfidation zone (major ore body); sericite and carbonate alteration zone; and sericite–chlorite alteration zone that may be taken to imply wall‐rock interaction with near neutral fluids (pH 5–6). Silicified and sulfide alteration zone is observed in the inner parts of alteration zones. High gold grades belong to silicified highly deformed mylonitic and ultramylonitic domains and silicified sulfide‐bearing microveins. Based on paragenetic relationships, three main stages of mineralization are recognized in the Qolqoleh gold deposit. Stage I encompasses deposition of large volumes of milky quartz and pyrite. Stage II includes gray and buck quartz, pyrite and minor calcite, sphalerite, subordinate chalcopyrite and gold ores. Stage III consists of comb quartz and calcite, magnetite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite and gold ores. Studies on regional geology, ore geology and ore‐forming stages have proved that the Qolqoleh deposit was formed in the compression–extension stage during the Late Cretaceous–Tertiary continental collision in a ductile–brittle shear zone, and is characterized by orogenic gold deposits.     

Physical and chemical characteristics of the host rocks in controlling the mineralization of the Chinkuashih high-sulfidation gold–copper deposits,northeastern Taiwan

Epithermal high-sulfidation gold–copper deposits at the Chinkuashih area in northeastern Taiwan occur both within Pleistocene andesite and Miocene sedimentary rocks. Spatially associated Penshan and Shumei deposits of a major gold–copper vein, the “Main Vein”, were both mineralized along an extended normal fault zone. These deposits appear to have formed from the same original hydrothermal fluids, but in different host rock types. However, the results of trace element analyses indicate that the andesite-hosted Penshan deposit has distinctly higher ore-metal and lower LREE contents than the sediment-hosted Shumei deposit. The development of higher grade ore at Penshan deposit resulted from the presence of ferrous Fe-rich minerals in andesite that caused the deposition of a larger amount of pyrite and gold during the sulfidation–reduction reactions of acidic fluid with host rocks. Moreover, the porous–permeable silicic alteration facies of the Penshan deposit provided conduits for the circulation of ore-metal bearing fluids and the trapping of metal-bearing magmatic volatile to precipitate ore minerals. On the other hand, the higher LREE contents of the Shumei open pit reflect the low pH and abundance of mainly SO₄^2? ion in the hydrothermal fluid perhaps because sedimentary host rocks were not able to neutralize and to reduce the acidic fluid effectively through the reactions of fluid and host rocks. Moreover, the Fe-poor host rocks have lower capacity to consume H₂S and precipitate pyrite and gold. In addition, the circulation of ore-metal bearing fluids and trapping of metal-bearing magmatic volatile to precipitate ore minerals could be handicapped by the low permeability and porosity of the silicified sedimentary rocks. It is apparent from these observations that physical and chemical characteristics of host rocks are important factors in controlling the ore grade of the Chinkuashih high-sulfidation gold–copper deposits.     

金厂峪金矿床围岩蚀变特征与矿床成因

为了更深入地理解金厂峪金矿床成矿作用,对该金矿床内蚀变围岩的矿物组合、成分及其变化进行了较详细的研究.蚀变带质量平衡分析表明Al₂O₃、MnO、P₂O₅等组分具不活动性.由蚀变围岩向钠长石英脉,在蚀变岩中元素无明显变化.钠长石英脉体的形成与围岩蚀变有关,但两者成因并不相同.金厂峪金矿床的形成可能与深源流体有关     

陕西小秦岭金矿深部找矿潜力分析

小秦岭金矿位于华北地台南缘小秦岭隆起北部的太华台拱区,矿床成因类型为石英脉—构造蚀变岩型;区内太古界太华群地层既是赋矿地层也是矿源层,矿体严格受脆韧性构造带控制,燕山期岩浆岩为金的活化、运移提供了热动力。