日珥谱线不对称性的研究 Ⅰ.视向速度对谱线轮廓的影响

本文主要从理论上用解析方法讨论日珥视向速度随深度变化对谱线轮廓对称性的影响,得到的结论具有普遍性。第二节的分析表明,日珥的谱线轮廓可表示为二项叠加,其中第一项与源函数无关,只依赖于速度场模型,源函数分布仅通过第二项对谱线轮廓产生影响。然后在源函数不随深度变化的假定下,讨论各种速度场模型的谱线轮廓是否对称。得到的结论为:(1)常源函数与常速度场结合的谱线轮廓为对称轮廓;(2)常源函数与线性对称速度场结合的谱线也是对称轮廓;(3)常源函数与线性非对称速度场结合的谱线轮廓为不对称轮廓。最后,用数值计算对理论分析结果进行了检验。     

日珥谱线不对称性的研究——Ⅱ.源函数对谱线轮廓的影响

作为文献[1]中工作的继续,本文用解析方法论证了日珥源函数随深度变化与各种速度场结合对谱线轮廓对称性的影响。得到的结论为:(1)常速度场与源函数随深度任意分布结合的谱线为对称轮廓;(2)源函数自日珥中心向前后边界线性对称增大与速度场为线性对称膨胀结合的谱线轮廓为不对称轮廓,且呈双峰结构,紫峰高于红峰;(3)源函数自日珥中心向前后边界线性增大与速度场为线性对称压缩结合的谱线轮廓是不对称的,且呈双峰结构,红峰高于紫峰;(4)源函数自日珥中心向前后边界对称减少与速度场为线性对称膨胀或线性对称压缩结合的谱线为非对称轮廓,原则上也会出现双峰结构,但可能不明显。最后,用数值计算对理论分析结果作了检验。 本文作为文[1]的继续,将用解析方法讨论源函数随深度变化对日珥谱线轮廓对称性的影响。首先讨论速度场为常数源函数随深度任意变化时谱线轮廓的对称性问题,然后讨论速度场自日珥中心对称膨胀或对称压缩与源函数自日珥中心向外边界对称增大或对称下降相结合的模型中,日珥谱线的对称性问题。     

日珥线光谱的降维法分析

本文提出了多搜索变量的目标函数直接优化法。该方法不涉及目标函数的导数计算,通用性强;同时该方法可控制搜索变量在值域内取值,这在一定程度上保证了解的可靠性。用此方法,本文分析了1984年2月18日太阳边缘环珥的一些Hα谱线,结果表明,本文方法具有收敛半径大,精度高的特点。     

利用直接搜索法探讨环珥内源函数的深度变化

本文提出了一种利用光谱资料探讨源函数变化形式的方法;并结合直接搜索法,拟合计算了1984年2月18日太阳边缘环珥的对称谱线,探讨了谱线内源函数随光学深度变化的情况。     

分层源函数与日珥谱线自反变

日珥谱线自反变与源函数变化有关。本文利用分层源函数形式探讨了源函数变化形式与日珥谱线自反变的关系。结果发现，谱线发生自反变时，源函数只能向日珥内增加，理论上讲，中心源函数可以是边缘的＞１．０～∞倍。     

分层源函数与日珥谱线自反变

日珥谱线自反变与源函数变化有关，本文利用分层源函数形式探讨了源函数变化形式与日珥谱线自反变的关系，结果发现，谱线发生自反变时，源函数只能向日珥内增加，理论上讲，中心源函数可以是边缘的〉１．０￣∞倍。     

紫台13.7米望远镜的谱线观测程序

本文以13.7米望远镜声光频谱仪(AOS)谱线观测程序为例,按以下要点: * 谱线观测的数据记录; * 声光频谱仪谱线观测程序软接口; * 接收机边带参数选择和频率综合器频率的自动设置; * 谱线校准观测; * 谱线成图观测; * 谱线观测程序的主要词汇; * QUICK—LOOK程序; 较系统地介绍了13.7米望远镜谱线观测程序的结构和功能,对谱线观测、校准过程,以及观测数据的处理和记录数据的物理含义作了说明。     

在太阳磁场大气中FeIλ 5324.19(?)谱线的形成深度

本文在用Unno-Beckers方程计算光球和黑子本影磁场内FeIλ5324.19谱线形成过程中,计算了该谱线Stokes参数随5000连续谱光学深度分布的贡献函数及形成深度随波长的变化。计算结果表明:磁光效应的存在给该线横向磁场定标参数Q、U的形成深度的确定带来一定的复杂性,对I和V的形成深度的确定没有明显的影响。结合北京天文台太阳磁场望远镜半宽0.15的双折射滤光器,确定所观测磁场信息的形成深度。当对日面中心观测,在滤光器调至线心时,I形成在光球层及黑子高度100公里左右,在偏离线心0.15时V分量形成高度亦如此,Q、U分量的情况较复杂。     

使用小波技术自动搜寻天体谱线

使用小波技术对包括恒星、近邻星系和ＡＧＮ等不同的天体光谱进行了自动处理,用小波滤波的方法将光谱中的连续谱与谱线分离,然后使用小波域隐含马尔可夫模型（ＨＭＭ）,对已去掉连续谱的光谱进行降噪,同时得到了噪声在每个光谱中的分布;在训练ＨＭＭ的过程中,使用改进的Ｔｙｉｎｇ方法增加训练数据以保证训练的可靠性,利用噪声分布确定出谱线信号的局部阈值,在已经降噪的光谱中找到吸收线和发射线,用高斯函数拟合出谱线的形     

修改引力宇宙学下的大尺度结构非线性演化

主要研究了修改引力论在非线性尺度上的表现。现在已经存在很多修改引力论的模型,如f（R）,DGP,Mond等,但是在工作中并没有使用别人已经提出的修改引力论方法,因为首先不可能去对所有的修改引力论模型都进行研究;其次重点研究的是修改引力对于宇宙中的物质分布在非线性尺度上的影响,而各种修改引力论对于物质聚集的影响是相似的,都可以通过一个参数表达出来。因此笔者提出一种修改引力论的方法,引进了一个简单参数ζ。这个参数ζ定义为G_eff/G/-φ/Ψ,这里G_eff是有效牛顿常数,G是牛顿常数,φ和Ψ则是时空度规的标量扰动方程中的两个势。这个ζ参数在广义相对论的基础上修改了物质粒子受到的加速度,加大或者减小这个参数会相应地改变物质粒子的加速度,进而会加快或者减慢大尺度结构的形成。这种对大尺度结构在线性尺度上的影响可以通过理论计算得到,但是大尺度结构的非线性增长无法通过理论计算得出,现在只有借助已经发展得比较成熟的数值模拟方法来研究这个问题。该文修改了现在已经比较成熟的数值模拟程序GADGET-2,加入了ζ参数。在进行数值模拟之前,首先检验了数值模拟的质量分辨率、模拟尺度,以及初始红移对最终物质功率谱的影响,并且证实修改后的GADGET-2程序是正确的。设定不同ζ参数的值,ζ=0.8,0.9,1.0,1.1,1.2,1.5,这里ζ=1.0对应标准宇宙学,然后对每个ζ值运行了一组数值模拟。为了减少数值效应对最终结果的影响,并且突出显示修改引力论在非线性尺度上的表现,没有简单直接地使用不同ζ值物质功率谱来做比较,而是精巧地设置不同ζ值的输出红移,使不同ζ值在其对应的输出红移处有相同的线性功率谱,并且最终使用了ξ=ζ≠1.0/ζ=1.0这个比值参数来研究修改引力论在非线性尺度上的表现。通过宇宙学尺度上的数值模拟和高精度的小波物质功率谱方法,我们研究了ζ参数对物质在非线性尺度上增长的影响。通过ξ这个参数,在线性功率谱相同的时候,比较了不同ζ参数的功率谱在非线性尺度上相对于标准宇宙学模型的偏离。得到重大的发现:大尺度结构在非线性上的增长并不是想象的那样,较大的ζ参数加大了物质粒子的加速度,进而在线性和非线性尺度上都加快了结构形成,反而是在线性功率谱相同的时候,较大值的ζ给出了较小的非线性功率谱。这个发现也证明HKLM假定的不正确,从而证明基于这个假定的功率谱拟合公式（PD96,Smith2003）不适用于修改引力论,直接将这些功率谱拟合公式推广到修改引力论是不正确的。基于这个ζ参数的修改引力论模型,利用一系列的数值模拟的结果,为修改引力论提出了一个新的拟合公式。这个新的拟合公式不是对现有的这些拟合公式做推广,而是借助于标准宇宙学下的非线性功率谱,通过几个简单的参数就可以得到对应不同ζ值的非线性功率谱,而且其精度保证在5%以内。利用这套数值模拟的结果,我们进而研究ζ修改引力论下的本动速度场的功率谱、暗晕的质量方程,以及暗晕的性质。这些工作为我们从观测上区分修改引力论和广义相对论提供了理论指导。     

AGB星红外谱的辐射模型及其拟合方法

本文讨论了有拱星壳层的ＡＧＢ星的红外辐射的双黑体模型并给出了便于似合某些ＡＧＢ星的红外辐射的双黑体模型并给出了便于拟合某些ＡＧＢ星的红外观测数据的数学表达式，应用Ｔａｙｌｏｒ级数方法解决了这一复杂非线性模型拟合的困难，从而得出了一些ＡＧＢ星较合理的中心星及壳层的色温度和红外能谱曲线。     

A Hybrid Algorithm for Spectral Analysis

In this paper we present a method that combines evolution strategies (ES) and standard optimization algorithms to solve the problem of fitting line profiles of stellar spectra. This method provides a reliable decomposition and a reduction in computing time over conventional algorithms. Using a stellar spectrum as input, we implemented an evolution strategy to find an approximation of the continuum spectrum and spectral lines. After a few generations, the parameters found by ES are given as starting search point to a standard optimization algorithm, which then finds the correct spectral decomposition. We used Gaussian functions to fit spectral lines and the Planck function to represent the continuum spectrum. Our experimental results present the application of this method to real spectra, showing that they can be approximated very accurately. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The application of the quickest descent method to the analysis of the Hα line in loops

The quickest descent method and the multi-layer model are proposed to analyse symmetrical and asymmetrical line profiles of loops in this paper. By fitting observed lines, the physical parameters such as Doppler width, Δλ _D , the optical thickness at line centre,τ _λ0, and the line displacement, Δλ ₀, can be directly obtained, Using this method, some symmetrical and asymmetrical line profiles of both the loop prominence on February 18, 1984 and the loop on August 17, 1989 are fitted. It is found that the method mentioned in this paper is characterized by rapid convergence, high precision, and less scatter.     

The determination of the solar vector magnetic field at the surface from Stokes profiles

A simple method is proposed to infer the vector magnetic field at the surface of the Sun from Stokes profiles. This is based on the assumption that the variations of thermodynamical and magnetic field parameters with depth near the surface are so small that the displacements of the wavelengths at which the Stokes profiles reach their extrema can be ignored. And hence the polarized radiative transfer equations are greatly reduced to a set of non-linear equations with vector magnetic field parameters (, , ) which can be solved by a numerical iteration method. By fitting the synthetic profiles, it is shown that this proposed method can produce information on the vector field at the surface. It is also used to revise the observed profiles and it is found that the observed sunspot has the magnetic field structure of the fan model with the lines of magnetic field twisted.     

太阳大气中矢量磁场信息的推导

一种能从观测到的斯托克斯轮廓中提取太阳表面矢量磁场信息的方法在本文中提出，它利用斯托克斯轮廓非线心的极值点处相应参量对波长的导数为零这一数学事实，假设表面附近磁场矢量及热力学参量的变化梯度足够小以致所考虑的极值点的波长位置不随深度改变或此变化呆忽则使得偏振辐射围方程组得到极大的简化；再应用数值方法从此简化方程组中解出辐射表面附近的磁场矢量参数。通过拟合理论轮廓表明该法确实可以得到表面近似的磁场矢量     

Mode Identification from Line Profiles using the Direct Fitting Technique

The method of moments and the direct fitting method are the onlyspectroscopic methods of mode identification which allow a determination ofall pulsational parameters. The pulsation parameters are required to predictthe light amplitude and phase which can be important discriminants in modeidentification. The direct fitting method has several advantages over themethod of moments. It is not restricted to low spherical harmonic degree or form of the eigenfunction and is not sensitive to the placement of the continuum. In the last few years the method has been applied to several different types of stars. We briefly describe the method and give someexamples of its application.     

Effects of Strömgren spheres on the line formation inζ Aur systems

Aur binaries are particularly well suited for the study of the winds of late type supergiants. The analysis technique is based on theoretical modelling of flux profiles which are formed by resonance scattering in the expanding envelope. However, the hot B star ionizes the wind and can produce a considerable H II region around the B star. In order to investigate the influence of the Strömgren sphere on the line formation we have calculated theoretical P Cyg line profiles with an H II region. The line source function is solved with the Sobolev method followed by a correct formal integration (Hempe, 1982). The ionization of metals within the H II region is described by an ionization parameter which mimics the typical ionization fraction of the relevant ions. The resulting line profiles are dependent on the geometric shape of the H II region, the velocity distribution, and the opacity parameter. The reduced absorber density within the H II region produces weakened line profiles and the specific geometry of the H II region influences the emission and the absorption component in different ways. The careful analysis of model computations suggests that the region of the line formation is not only restricted to the vicinity of the B star, hence the outer integration boundary has to be taken to a sufficiently large radius in the calculation of line profiles.     

Physical properties of the quiescent prominence of 5 June 1996, from Hα observations

The Multichannel Subtractive Double Pass spectrograph (MSDP) is designed to observe line profiles in a 2D field of view with a good spatial and temporal resolution. In order to deal with this unique opportunity, we introduce a new method for fitting the hydrogen H line formed in prominences and deriving various plasma parameters from line profile observations. A quiescent prominence was observed on 5 June 1996, at the Pic du Midi during an international campaign between 09:30 UT and 11:00 UT with the MSDP spectrograph operating in H at the Turret Dome. Using the new fitting method, we show that the temperature, column density of hydrogen atoms and microturbulent velocity of the prominence are respectively about 8500 K, 1.4×1012 cm–2, and 10 to 20 km s–1. The electron density of the prominence is about 1.8×1010 cm–3.     

Data boundary fitting using a generalized least-squares method

In many astronomical problems one often needs to determine the upper and/or lower boundary of a given data set. An automatic and objective approach consists in fitting the data using a generalized least-squares method, where the function to be minimized is defined to handle asymmetrically the data at both sides of the boundary. In order to minimize the cost function, a numerical approach, based on the popular downhill simplex method, is employed. The procedure is valid for any numerically computable function. Simple polynomials provide good boundaries in common situations. For data exhibiting a complex behaviour, the use of adaptive splines gives excellent results. Since the described method is sensitive to extreme data points, the simultaneous introduction of error weighting and the flexibility of allowing some points to fall outside of the fitted frontier, supplies the parameters that help to tune the boundary fitting depending on the nature of the considered problem. Two simple examples are presented, namely the estimation of spectra pseudo-continuum and the segregation of scattered data into ranges. The normalization of the data ranges prior to the fitting computation typically reduces both the numerical errors and the number of iterations required during the iterative minimization procedure.