笠藤壶形态变异

本文研究了舟山沿海两种笠藤壶（日本笠藤壶Ｔｅｔｒａｃｌｉｔａ ｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ、鳞笠藤壶Ｔ．ｓｑｕａｍｏｓａ ｓｑｕａｍｏｓａ）个体的形态变异,分析了壳板形态与生境、潮区、年龄之间的关系以及壳板形态的种间差别。壳口面积与其底面积之比值（Ｓａ／ＳＡ）在各年龄组间的变化较小,而壳口面积与个体容积之比值（Ｓａ／Ｖ）随着藤壶年龄增加而减小,藤壶个体亦随年龄增加由矮圆锥形变陡。盖板各测值之比值在不同年龄组间     

舟山沿岸四种藤壶类壳板的亚显微结构

本文研究了舟山沿岸四种藤壶（三角藤壶Ｂａｌａｎｕｓｔｒｉｇｏｎｕｓ，纹藤壶Ｂ．ａｍｐｈｉｔｒｉｔｅａｍｇｈｉｔｒｉｔｅ，白脊藤壶Ｂ．ａｌｂｉｃｏｓｔａｔｕｓ及日本笠藤壶Ｔｅｔｒａｃｌｉｔａｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ）壳板的亚显微结构。结果表明，壳板表面的亚显微结构主要有生长脊（包括毛脊、大脊、微脊）和放射脊。其中，大脊和放射脊系本文首次报道。大脊于蔡壶蜕皮后毛脊（刚毛）形成的同时或其后形成，与蜕度周期有关。放射脊的形成可增加壳板的坚固度。各种生长脊的数量及强弱变化反映了藤壶的生理代谢状况及环境对藤壶成长的影响。本文比较了四种藤壶之间壳板表面的亚显微结构，发现它们有很大的差异。通过比较四种藤壶成体和幼体之间壳板表面的亚显微结构，发现藤壶壳板表面结构与年龄有密切关系，尤以生活于潮间带中上区的白脊藤壶和日本笠藤壶为显著。环境，尤其是潮区，对藤壶壳板的生长有很大影响。日本笠藤壶、白脊藤壶、纹藤壶壳板结构明显受其生活的潮区影响。     

纹藤壶和鳞笠藤壶雄性生殖系统的初步研究

对厦门海区的纹藤壶Ｂａｌａｎｕｓａｍｐｈｉｔｒｉｔｅａｍｐｈｉｔｒｉｔｅ和鳞笠藤壶Ｔｅｔｒａｃｌｉｔａｓｑｕａｍｏｓａｓｑｕａｍｏｓａ雄性生殖系统进行解剖学,组织学和细胞化学的研究,结果表明：两种藤壶的雄性生殖系统均由精巢,输精管,贮精囊接器４部分组成,精巢内依次排列有精原细胞,精母细胞,精子细胞和成熟精子,输精管由一层上皮细胞围成,内见可成熟精子,贮精囊前端管壁结构与输精管相似,后端管壁厚,可     

应用混合分析法对日本鱼箴Hemirhamphussajori（T．etS．）体长频率分布的解析

通过体长频率分析划分鱼体年龄的方法有图解法和统计法。前者简便易行但主观性强，后者具有较强功能且越来越占有显要地位。ＭＩＸ程序（ＭａｃｄｏｎａｌｄａｎｄＰｉｔｃｈｅｒ１９７９）用于分析混合统计分布的直方图，这一程序已得到广泛应用。本文用混合分析法解析了日本鱼箴Ｈｅｍｉｒｈａｍ－ｐｈｕｓｓａｊｏｒｉ（Ｔ．ｅｔ．Ｓ．）的体长频率分布情况。结果表明，其体长频率分布由两个或三个峰值构成。结合有关生物学资料，日本鱼箴只由两个年龄组构成，最小的峰值是上岸较晚的较小个体     

Monitoring regional sea ice of the Bohai Sea by SSM/I scattering index

ＭｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｓｅａｉｃｅｏｆｔｈｅＢｏｈａｉＳｅａｂｙＳＳＭ／ＩｓｃａｔｔｅｒｉｎｇｉｎｄｅｘＪｉｎＹａｑｉｕ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＪａｎｕａｒｙ６,１９９７;ａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄＭａｒｃｈ３０,１９９７）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ──ＳＳＭ／...     

Use of a new clone of Artemia parthenogenetica (OP1) to increase genetic variation

ＵｓｅｏｆａｎｅｗｃｌｏｎｅｏｆＡｒｔｅｍｉａｐａｒｔｈｅｎｏｇｅｎｅｔｉｃａ（ＯＰ１）ｔｏｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｇｅｎｅｔｉｃｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎ￥／／ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｒｅａｒｅｐａｌｔｈｅｎｏｇｅｎｅｔｉｃａｎｄｂｉＳｅｘｕａｌｒｅｐｎｄｕ...     

漂流藻属（Planktoniella）细胞形态观察及对Valdviella

本文根据对漂流藻属（Ｐｌａｎｋｔｏｎｉｅｌｌａ）细胞形态观察，发现我国海域有两种漂流藻：太阳漂流藻（Ｐ．ｓｏｌＳｃｈｕｔｔ）和美丽漂流藻（Ｐ．ｆｏｒｍｏｓａＱｉａｎｅｔＷａｎｇ）．后者是根据详细观察研究后对Ｖａｌｄｉｖｉｅｌｌａｆｏｒｍｏｓａ（ＳｃｈｉｍｐｅｒｅｘＫａｒｓｔｅｎ）Ｋａｒｓｔｅｎ重订的。     

湛江港浮标污损生物生态研究

１９９１年在湛江港进行浮标污损生物调查。该海区污损生物的种类组成共９３种，附着厚度２１—７１ｍｍ，湿重３．１０—７２．５３ｋｇ／ｍ２，覆盖面积９８％─１００％。优势种为网纹藤壶Ｂａｌａｎｕｓｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ、变化短齿蛤Ｂｒａｃｈｉｄｏｎｔｅｓｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓ、刺巨藤壶Ｍｅｇａｂａｌａｎｕｓｖｏｌｃａｎｏ、钟巨藤壶Ｍｅｇａｂａｌａｎｕｓｌｉｎｔｉｎｎａｂｕｌｕｍｔｉｎｔｉｎｎａｂｕｌｕｍ和翡翠贻贝Ｐｅｒｎａｖｉｒｉｄｉｓ。位于不同位置的浮标，其污损生物群落组成和生物量不同，同一浮标的不同部位（体侧，底部，尾外侧，尾管内）的污损生物也有一定差别。     

厦门海域1994～1999年死亡和放生的海豚

近６a（１９９４～１９９９年）来,在厦门及其邻近海域记录了１６头死亡或放生的中华 白诲豚（Ｓｏｕｓａ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ））其中含１１头死亡尸体、２头误捕个体和３头放生个体。对尸体进行测量和取样,较详细地研究了其基本生物学特征,探讨了死因保护策略。同时,对２头江豚（Ｎｅｏｐｈｏｃａｅｎａ ｐｈｏｃａｅｎｏｉｄｅｓ）和２头宽吻诲豚（Ｔｕｒ－ｓｉｏｐｓ ｔｒｕｎｃａｔｕｓ）也加以报道。     

Morphogenetic studies on Uronychia uncinata(Protozoa, Ciliophora) during its asexual division

ＭｏｒｐｈｏｇｅｎｅｔｉｃｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎＵｒｏｎｙｃｈｉａｕｎｃｉｎａｔａ（Ｐｒｏｔｏｚｏａ，Ｃｉｌｉｏｐｈｏｒａ）ｄｕｒｉｎｇｉｔｓａｓｅｘｕａｌｄｉｖｉｓｉｏｎ￥ＳｏｎｇＷｅｉｂｏ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＡｕｇｕｓｔ２８，１９９５；ａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄ...     

盐度对中国东南沿海两种常见藤壶幼虫发育的影响

网纹藤壶Amphibalanus reticulatus和鳞笠藤壶Tetraclita squamosa squamosa是我国东南沿海两种常见的海洋污损生物种类, 在海洋生态系统中占有重要地位。探讨这两种藤壶的幼虫发育与盐度的关系有助于丰富和发展海洋生物学知识, 并为海洋污损生物防除相关工作的开展提供数据资料。研究探讨了网纹藤壶和鳞笠藤壶无节幼虫在盐度为6‰、12‰、18‰、24‰、30‰(对照组)和36‰的培养条件下的发育状况, 观察记录5天后幼虫的存活率和各期幼虫所占百分比, 采用最小显著差数法进行差异显著性分析。结果表明, 当水体盐度≤18‰时, 会严重阻滞网纹藤壶和鳞笠藤壶幼虫的发育, 甚至导致死亡; 而当盐度≥24‰时, 这2种藤壶幼虫的成活率虽不会随盐度改变发生显著变化, 但盐度为30‰的水体更有利于网纹藤壶幼虫的发育, 而鳞笠藤壶幼虫发育状况受盐度变化的影响不大, 具备更强的耐受能力。     

Barnacles as biomonitors of trace metal availabilities in Hong Kong coastal waters: changes in space and time

The use of selected organisms as biomonitors of trace metal bioavailabilities allows comparisons to be made over space and time. The concentrations of 11 trace metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, silver, zinc) were measured in the bodies of two barnacle species, Balanus amphitrite and Tetraclita squamosa, from up to 18 littoral sites from Hong Kong coastal waters in April 1998. These data provide evidence on the geographical variation in metal bioavailabilities at this time, and are compared selectively against historical data sets for 1986 and 1989. Geographical variation in bioavailabilities is clear for several metals, with hotspots for arsenic, copper, nickel and silver at Chai Wan Kok, and for lead in Junk Bay. Victoria Harbour sites head the rankings for silver and arsenic, and Tolo Harbour sites exhibit relatively elevated cobalt, manganese and zinc. Many bioavailabilities of trace metals to barnacles are lower in Hong Kong coastal waters in 1998 than in 1986. The two barnacle species are widespread and the extensive data set presented is a benchmark which can be compared to the results of similar biomonitoring programmes elsewhere in the Indo-Pacific and beyond.     

网纹藤壶壳板矿化结构及其碳酸钙含量测定

采用X射线衍射技术,初步研究了网纹藤壶(Balanus reticulates Utinomi)壳板矿化结构特征,并采用钙黄绿素法、钙-羧酸指示剂法和铬黑T指示剂三种方法测量了来自不同海域藤壶壳板的碳酸钙含量。实验发现,网纹藤壶壳板中的矿化组织主要由方解石构成,碳酸钙微晶体排列有一定的取向,较为复杂。海口和陵水两地藤壶壳板中碳酸钙含量没有显著差异(P<0.05),最大值为93.87%,最小值90.77%。尽管三种碳酸钙含量测量法的结果没有显著性差异(P<0.05),但进一步综合分析发现钙黄绿素法测定结果最为稳定,且简单易操作,可作为首选方法。     

岩礁潮间带大型底栖生物对资源增殖保护区建立的生态响应——以台州大陈岛为例

于2006、2007和2009年台州大陈岛猪腰屿资源增殖保护区建立前、后,对该保护区内潮间带大型底栖生物进行了采样调查,分析了大型底栖生物的种类组成、数量、群落结构及增殖放流品种对保护区建立的生态响应.结果显示:保护区建立后,大型底栖生物的物种数、生物量和丰度均比建区前有明显提高;增殖放流黄口荔枝螺Thais lute...     

皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)不同群体贝壳形态和相对生长变异研究

皱纹盘鲍是我国重要的渔业资源,其地理群体也是我国重要的鲍种质资源来源。不同地理群体间形态及相对生长的差异对皱纹盘鲍资源管理和种质资源鉴定等提供重要参考。以我国自然海区采集的7个皱纹盘鲍群体作为研究材料,通过测定9个形态测量指标并定义了这些测量指标间的17个比率变量,分析了群体内和群体间贝壳形态和体重相对生长的变异。除个别变量外,协方差分析揭示形态比率变量在群体间存在显著变异;异速生长研究揭示了壳形态特征与皱纹盘鲍群体中异速生长差异之间的高度线性相关性,异速生长程度呈现一定的群体区别。非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)和马氏距离聚类分析(CLUSTER)将皱纹盘鲍群体分为2个组,线性判别分析(LDA)与NMDS和CLUSTER结果相符,然而LDA未能较好的将各种群样本分类。研究结果初步表明皱纹盘鲍表现出与我国沿海环境和/或生态条件差异相关的表型可塑性,然而这种表型差异也可能受到人工底播苗种的遗传影响。研究结果将对于皱纹盘鲍渔业资源管理如管理单位的界定,以及为今后全面评价皱纹盘鲍不同地理群体的遗传变异等提供参考。     

“藤壶开花腐蚀”及其历程的模式

藤壶对海洋设施危害极大。人们早在一百多年前就开始研究它,前人的研究偏重于藤壶的附着机制,而对其附着对金属腐蚀的影响研究甚少。作者研究了藤壶生长过程对普碳钢、蒙乃尔、工业纯钛和一种不锈钢(1Cr18Ni9Ti)等四种金属材料腐蚀的影响。     

Epibiotic community on the acorn barnacle (Balanus amphitrite) from a monsoon‐influenced tropical estuary

The epibiotic communities (diatoms and metazoans) on the outer surfaces of the shell of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite (BSh) and its opercular valves (the scutum and tergum; BST) were investigated on a monthly basis for 1 year in a tropical monsoon‐influenced estuary and compared with that of the surrounding rock biofilm. BSh and BST were rich in the diatoms Achnanthes longipes and Melosira nummuloides and amongst the invertebrates, nematodes and tardigrades were abundant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of epibiosis on the acorn barnacle. Diatom abundance was at its maximum during the monsoon season on all the inter‐tidal substrata i.e. BSh, BST and rock. A significant correlation was found between the density of diatoms and invertebrates associated with the BSh and BST, possibly because of the trophic relationship between them or the suitability of the physical environment. The possible role of these epibionts on the settlement of this barnacle species is currently unknown and needs further investigation.     

Habitat provision of barnacle tests for overcrowded periwinkles

In habitats where competition for space is a shaping force of animal distribution such as in the intertidal rocky ecosystem, new habitats are readily taken by colonising species. We examined the importance of empty Chthamalus spp. tests as a habitat for the intertidal common periwinkle Melaraphe neritoides on Portuguese rocky shores. The role played by the space between neighbouring barnacles as a habitat for other species has been largely studied with regard to how an ecosystem functions, whereas the equivalent role of empty barnacle tests remains largely unknown. The small periwinkle is one of the most abundant snails in European rocky shores and is an important prey for key mobile predators. Biological facilitation is common in the rocky intertidal zone, where biological structures often potentiate the abundance of other species. The role played by barnacles as biological facilitators through habitat provision is not fully understood. In this study, the abundance and morphometric features of empty barnacle tests and their occupants were examined across shore levels and shores with differing exposures, as these are important gradients explaining barnacle distribution. The availability of empty barnacle tests was also experimentally manipulated to examine the percentage, time and length of occupation. Empty barnacles were more abundant on the midshore of sheltered shores and barnacle tests were wider on the upper shore but taller on the midshore. The minimum barnacle test occupation rate by the periwinkle was 70%. Barnacle shell height was an important factor determining snail occupation, where taller barnacles harboured significantly more, but not necessarily larger, snails. Snails outside the barnacle tests were significantly larger than those found within, suggesting that this crustacean group has an increased importance as a habitat for juvenile snails, thus potentially influencing the population dynamics of M. neritoides. We found that occupation of experimentally created empty barnacles was extremely high (70%) on the day after, and remained at 100% after 3 months of monitoring. Our study is the first of its kind to focus on the features of barnacle tests that snails occupy and their occupying snail traits. According to our results, it is clear that barnacles have an important role in providing additional habitat for young gastropods. The small periwinkle is an important grazer and prey for intertidal and subtidal foraging predators; hence, the potential refuge role of barnacle tests for juvenile M. neritoides may be important in the dynamics of intertidal communities.     

斯氏并殖吸虫第一中间宿主拟钉螺属一新种记述 (中腹足目, 盖螺科)

为调查斯氏并殖吸虫拟钉螺宿主,现场采集螺标本,进行形态分类和生态考察及螺体寄生虫检查.发现拟钉螺属(Tricula)一新种,命名为建欧拟钉螺(Tricula jianouensis sp.nov.),螺壳高3.125 mm,壳宽1.600 mm,体螺层高1.125 mm,壳口长径1.275 mm,壳口宽径0.925 mm.螺口外缘翘起呈铲状;轴缘与外缘形成较窄夹角,内唇嵴明显高出,与体螺层间有一沟状隙.齿舌每一横列有7枚齿,齿式:2-1-2/2-2·3-1-3·11(14)·14(15).该螺充当斯氏并殖吸虫第一中间宿主,斯氏并殖吸虫尾蚴感染率为0.11%.     

南海3种小型砗磲的外壳形态差异分析

本研究对中国南海3种小型砗磲(Tridacnaspp.)[番红砗磲(Tridacnacrocea,包括2种外壳形态)、长砗磲(Tridacna maxima)和诺亚砗磲(Tridacna noae)]的外壳形态性状进行生物统计学差异分析。研究表明,4组砗磲外壳存在显著形态学差异。单因素方差分析发现9个外壳比例性状能够较好区分3种砗磲,且2种不同外壳形态的番红砗磲在壳宽/壳长、足丝孔宽/壳长、壳质量/壳长和左右壳厚比壳长存在显著性差异(P<0.05);在基于欧氏距离Ward法且指定聚类数k=4的条件下,4组砗磲层次聚类效果较好;主成分分析提取3个主成分建立散点图,累计主成分贡献率73.85%,各主成分贡献率依次为50.47%,13.78%和9.60%;线性判别分析得出3个判别函数,方差解释率依次为70.13%、20.97%和8.90%。3种多元统计方法从不同角度解释各组砗磲的外壳形态差异,结果均显示两组番红砗磲的外壳形态更为接近,同时长砗磲与诺亚砗磲的外壳形态较为接近。