青岛近海及其邻近海域夏季微微型浮游植物丰度的分析

利用荧光显微技术(Epifluorescence microscopy, EFM)对青岛近海及其邻近海域夏季微微型浮游植物丰度进行调查,研究了微微型浮游植物的空间变化和昼夜变化的特征,并分析了微微型浮游植物丰度与环境因子的相关性.结果显示,夏季该水域Syn的变化范围为(8.58×103～8.54×105) mL,平均值为2.39×105 /mL;Euk的变化范围为(7.80×102～3.02×104) mL,平均值为4.54×103 /mL.Syn丰度在即墨海域、海阳海域出现高值区域,胶南海域出现低值区域;各水层Syn丰度无显著差异(P>0.05).Euk丰度在胶州湾内及湾口为高值区域,胶南海域表层和10 m水层出现高值区域;崂山东部即墨海域、海阳海域为Euk丰度低值区域;各水层Euk丰度并无明显差异(P>0.05).对胶州湾中部连续站4层水体24 h昼夜连续变化的观测发现,夏季Syn、Euk都有明显昼夜波动.对Syn,Euk与Chl-a、水温、盐度、电导率、浊度、溶氧浓度之间进行Pearson相关性分析表明,Syn,Euk与Chl-a、浊度呈正相关,与盐度、电导率呈负相关.     

南海北部微微型光合浮游生物的丰度及环境调控

1999年夏季首次在南海北部海域进行了微微型光合浮游生物(photosynthetic picoplankton)的观测研究,发现了聚球藻(Synechococcus,Syn)、原绿球藻(Prochlorococcus,Pro)和真核球藻(Eukaryotes,Euk)3类微微型光合浮游生物存在,并对其丰度与分布及其环境调控机制进行了研究.结果表明,研究海区Syn,Pro和Euk丰度的总平均值分别为(5.0±7.6)×104,(4.6±4.2)×104和(1.8±1.1)×103个/cm3,Syn种群丰度的高值大多出现在营养盐丰富的雷州半岛及海南岛东部海域的河口、沿岸带与陆架,北部湾次之,是陆坡和开阔海的数十分之一;其水层分布主要在跃层以上,跃层以下其值迅速降低,发现Pro存在两个不同种群:表层种群和深层种群,前者分布型式与Syn相似,后者的分布型式迥然不同,其丰度向营养盐贫瘠的外海、陆坡和开阔海显著增高;同时发现Pro水层分布的高值主要出现在真光层的底部,并往往出现在硝酸盐跃层之上,Euk在不同海域的分布差异不如Syn和Pro来得大,但仍以沿岸带与陆架为高,陆坡与开阔海较低,水层分布的高值大多出现在真光层的底部,而且它是对次表层叶绿素a极大值的主要贡献者,这些分布型式的差异,取决于环境的调控和3类生物生态生理适应的差异.研究海区Syn,Pro和Euk 3类微微型光合浮游生物对微微型光合浮游生物生态生理适应的差异.研究海区Syn,Pro和Euk3类微微型光合浮游生物对微微型光合浮游生物群落总丰度的贡献分别为50.996,47.3%和1.8%.     

春、夏季秦皇岛海域超微型浮游植物

2017年6月和8月，通过对秦皇岛海域的超微型浮游植物进行现场调查和流式细胞仪分析，发现了聚球藻(Synechococcus)和超微型真核藻类(picoeukaryotes)两大类群，其中聚球藻又分为聚球藻Ⅰ和聚球藻Ⅱ两个亚群。调研期间，正处于秦皇岛海域褐潮高发期。通过分析超微型浮游植物细胞丰度、碳生物量及分布特点，研究了秦皇岛海域在褐潮高发期超微型浮游植物分布及相关环境因子影响。结果表明，6月份超微型真核藻、聚球藻Ⅰ和聚球藻Ⅱ平均丰度分别为1.14×104 个/mL、4.02×104 个/mL和1.04×104 个/mL，碳生物量均值分别为27.22 μg/L、8.49 μg/L和2.27 μg/L；在8月份超微型真核藻、聚球藻Ⅰ和聚球藻Ⅱ平均丰度分别为3.27×103 个/mL、5.79×104 个/mL 和2.58×104个/mL，碳生物量均值分别为6.35 μg/L、13.41 μg/L和5.83 μg/L。超微型真核藻、聚球藻Ⅰ和聚球藻Ⅱ在6月份和8月份表现出不同的分布特征。超微型真核藻的细胞丰度从6月到8月明显降低一个数量级，说明8月份过高的水体温度与低浓度的营养物质等因素限制了超微型真核藻中褐潮种的生长。聚球藻Ⅰ和聚球藻Ⅱ细胞丰度在6月份呈现从河口到近岸逐渐升高的分布趋势，而超微型真核藻呈现下降的分布趋势。与6月份聚球藻Ⅰ和聚球藻Ⅱ细胞丰度分布相反，超微型真核藻和聚球藻Ⅰ细胞丰度则在8月份呈现从河口到近岸逐渐降低的分布趋势，而聚球藻Ⅱ细胞丰度的区域分布趋势不明显，主要分布在水体表层。通过对超微型真核藻、聚球藻Ⅰ和聚球藻Ⅱ与环境因子相关性分析表明，6月份硝酸盐与铵盐是聚球藻Ⅰ细胞生长的主要控制因子，而聚球藻Ⅱ与环境因子没有明显的相关性，超微型真核藻的细胞丰度与硅酸盐浓度呈正相关。在8月份，超微型真核藻细胞的生长受到多种环境因子(硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、硅酸盐、磷酸盐、温度以及光照)的共同作用的影响，聚球藻Ⅰ细胞丰度与硝酸盐呈正相关，温度与光照则是影响聚球藻Ⅱ细胞分布的关键因素。     

2009年冬、夏季南海北部超微型浮游生物的分布特征及其环境相关分析

2009年2月(冬季)和8月(夏季)在南海北部海域(nSCS)采用流式细胞术对聚球藻、原绿球藻、超微型光合真核生物3类超微型光合浮游生物和异养浮游细菌的丰度和碳生物量的时空分布特征进行了研究,并分析了其与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,夏季聚球藻和原绿球藻的平均丰度高于冬季,超微型光合真核生物和异养浮游细菌的丰度反之,为冬季高于夏季。聚球藻、超微型光合真核生物和异养浮游细菌在富营养的近岸陆架海域丰度较高,而原绿球藻高丰度则出现在陆坡开阔海域。在垂直分布上,聚球藻主要分布在跃层以上,跃层以下丰度迅速降低;原绿球藻高丰度主要出现在真光层底部;超微型光合真核生物在水层中的高值同样出现在真光层底部,且与Pico级份叶绿素a浓度分布一致;异养浮游细菌在水体中的分布与聚球藻类似。这些分布格局的差异,取决于环境条件的变化和4类超微型浮游生物生态生理适应性的差异。在超微型光合浮游生物群落中,各类群碳生物量的贡献因季节和海域类型的不同而发生变化:聚球藻在夏季近岸陆架区占超微型光合浮游生物总碳生物量的41%,原绿球藻在陆坡开阔海成为主要贡献者(50%),超微型光合真核生物碳生物量以冬季为高(在近岸陆架区占比68%)。冬、夏季异养浮游细菌碳生物量均高于超微型光合浮游生物碳生物量。     

河北沿岸微微型浮游植物的分布特征

于2006年7月～ 2007年10月间,分4个季度调查了河北省沿岸微微型浮游植物的丰度和生物量及对浮游植物总生物量的贡献.结果显示:河北近岸海域聚球藻蓝细菌丰度为4.46×103个/mL(0.79×103～ 16.19×103个/mL),生物量(以碳计,下同)为1.31 mg/m3 (0.84～17.47 mg/m3),季节分布特征为秋季＞冬季＞夏季＞春季.微微型光合真核生物丰度为4.43×102个/mL (0.84×102～ 17.47×102个/mL),生物量为1.11mg /m3 (0.21～ 4.37 mg/m3),季节变化变现为秋季＞冬季＞春季＞夏季.微微型浮游植物对浮游植物总生物量的贡献年平均为5.32％(1.84％～ 8.91％),春季最高,秋季最低.温度在较冷季节(冬春季)里是影响聚球藻蓝细菌生长和分布的控制因素.总之,在近岸环境里,微微型浮游植物并不占优势.     

春季黄海海域颗粒有机碳的分布特征及影响因素

依据2010年4～5月黄海的现场调查资料,分析了黄海颗粒有机碳(Particulate organic carbon,POC)的分布特征及影响因素。结果表明,2010年春季黄海POC浓度范围为78.11～9 189.00μg/L,平均浓度为(413.59±794.23)μg/L;北黄海和南黄海POC分布都呈现表层低、底层高的垂直分布特征和近岸高、远岸低的平面分布特征。其中,北黄海POC的高值区南部近岸水体,主要受陆源输入的影响,北黄海POC的低值区主要位于其中部表层水体,主要由于浮游植物现场生产受限所致;南黄海POC高值区主要位于受沿岸流和陆源输入影响显著的苏北沿岸,底层高值主要与浮游植物碎屑沉降和沉积物再悬浮有关,低值区主要集中在南黄海中部海域,亦由于浮游植物现场生产受限所致。PN的分布趋势和影响因素与POC相一致。     

春季海州湾临洪河口浮游植物粒级结构及环境因素

2017年4月作者对海州湾临洪河口海域16个站位的常规理化因子以及浮游植物粒级结构进行了采样和分析,结果表明:调查海域盐度和温度均值分别为35.2和11.2℃,均由近岸到外海逐渐增大;悬浮物质量浓度在3.4 mg/L～137.6 mg/L变化,均值为22.8 mg/L,由近岸到外海逐渐减少,水体逐渐清澈; pH均值为8.29,近岸低,外海高; DO均值为9.8 mg/L, COD在0.34 mg/L～6.55 mg/L变化,均值为3.42mg/L,DO和COD分布规律不明显;浮游植物粒级组成以微型与小型浮游植物为主,其叶绿素a质量浓度平均值与范围分别为1.48μg/L(0.68μg/L～3.13μg/L)、9.14μg/L(2.69μg/L～25.50μg/L),且呈现自沿岸河口向外海逐渐递减的趋势;而微微型浮游植物叶绿素a质量浓度平均值仅为0.27μg/L,且分布较不规律;小型浮游植物对浮游植物总生物量的贡献率最大,高达83.89%,微型及微微型浮游植物的贡献率分别为13.60%和2.52%;在相关性分析中,各项环境因子对小型浮游植物的分布有较大的影响,其中悬浮物、pH与小型浮游植物叶绿素a浓度表现出显著相关(P0.05),溶解氧、盐度与小型浮游植物叶绿素a质量浓度呈极显著相关(P0.01),微型、微微型浮游植物的分布与各项环境因子的相关性不明显。     

冬季南海北部海域微型浮游动物及其对浮游植物摄食压力研究

2009年1月在南海北部海域的5个站位,采用稀释法和显微分析技术研究了浮游植物生长率及微型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食压力,同时测定了微型浮游动物的丰度及类群组成.结果表明:南海北部微型浮游动物类群主要以无壳纤毛虫为主,南海北部微型浮游动物类群细胞丰度为33～529个/dm3.南海北部浮游植物生长率为0.45～1.83 d-1,微型浮游动物摄食率为0.44～1.76 d-1,摄食压力占浮游植物现存量的42.6%～82.8%,占初级生产力的97.3%～225.1%.近岸区摄食压力比陆架区高,表明冬季南海近岸区微型浮游动物摄食能够有效的控制浮游植物的生长,而陆架区浮游植物生长率大于摄食率,浮游植物存在着现存量的积累,微型浮游动物并不能完全控制浮游植物的生长.     

长江口及其邻近海域叶绿素a分布特征及其与低氧区形成的关系

于2013年3月和8月研究了长江口及其邻近海域叶绿素a的分布特征,并对环境因子和长江冲淡水对浮游植物生物量分布的影响进行了探讨。结果表明,叶绿素a浓度在丰水期较高,平均值为5.18μg/L,最高值达32.05μg/L,现场海水出现变色现象;与同期历史资料对比分析,发现该海域叶绿素a浓度呈现出波动增长趋势。丰水期与枯水期叶绿素a的相对高值区均位于冲淡水的中部,122.5°E~123°E之间;丰水期在调查海域出现溶解氧低值区与低氧区,最低值仅为0.64 mg/L;发现低氧区出现位置北移、面积扩大和溶解氧最低值下降的趋势。底层溶解氧低值区分布与表层叶绿素高值区大致吻合,表明低氧现象与表层浮游植物的生长和现存量密切相关,在跃层存在的水体中表层浮游植物的大量繁殖易造成底层低氧区的出现。     

獐子岛海域和胶州湾表层微微型浮游植物丰度和生物量的季节变化比较

为全面了解黄海典型海区微微型浮游植物的季节变化特征,于2009年7月至2010年6月在北黄海獐子岛海域和2010年1~12月在南黄海胶州湾进行逐月调查采样,利用流式细胞仪检测了表层海水中微微型浮游植物(picophytoplankton)的丰度,包括聚球藻(Synechococcus,SYN)和微微型真核浮游植物(picoeukaryotes,PEUK),并分析了其与环境因子的关系。獐子岛海域和胶州湾SYN和PEUK全年广泛分布,獐子岛海域SYN丰度范围在0.05×10³~120.00×10³cells/mL之间,丰度在秋季最高;胶州湾SYN丰度范围在0.02×10³~61.80×10³cells/mL之间,丰度在夏季最高。獐子岛海域PEUK丰度范围在0.01×10³~18.76×10³cells/mL之间,丰度在秋季最高;胶州湾PEUK丰度范围在0.25×10³~95.57×10³ cells/mL之间,丰度在春季最高。獐子岛海域微微型浮游植物丰度组成以SYN为主;而胶州湾以PEUK为主。PEUK是两海区微微型浮游植物生物量的主要贡献者。相关性分析结果表明,温度是影响两海区SYN丰度季节变化的最主要因素;影响PEUK季节分布的因素不完全一致,獐子岛海域PEUK丰度主要受温度调控;胶州湾PEUK丰度主要受温度和营养盐浓度影响。与已有研究比较,这两个海区的微微型浮游植物生物量对浮游植物生物量的贡献明显高于其他温带沿岸海域,预示微微型浮游植物在獐子岛海域和胶州湾生态系统中的重要作用,值得进一步深入研究。     

Standing stock and community structure of photosynthetic picoplankton in the northern South China Sea

1 Introduction Forthe lastm ore than 20 a,ow ing to the develop-m ent of observation and experim ent technologies form arine m icroorganism s,m arine biologistshave discov-ered m any m icroorganism s w hich are difficult to beobserved by com m on m icroscope before. T hus, thecognition to the m arine phytoplankton com m unitiesand the structure of food chains has achieved im por-tantprogress.E specially,w ith the developm entand ap-plication of epifluorescence m icroscopy and flow cy-tom etry…     

冬季东寨港微微型浮游植物丰度、分布及影响因素

微微型浮游植物是水环境生态碳汇的重要基石之一,也是初级生产的重要执行者。选取了一个典型的陆海交界关键带环境——海南东寨港入海口水域,采集了东寨港红树林保护区开阔水域、入港河流和新埠海海端的微微型浮游植物的样品,通过流式细胞仪分析技术对样品进行分析,以探究它们在东寨港水域中的丰度、分布及环境指示意义。结果表明,冬季水域微微型浮游植物以真核浮游植物(Eukaryote,Euk)和聚球藻(Synechococcus,Syn)两大类群为主,其中聚球藻有两个亚群,分别为富含藻蓝蛋白聚球藻(Phycocyanin-rich,PC)和富含藻红蛋白聚球藻(Phycoerythrin-rich,PE)。Syn-PC、Syn-PE和Euk在东寨港水域表层水体的平均丰度分别为(2.61×10⁴±1.09×10⁴)、(3.06×10⁴±7.05×10³)、(1.56×10⁵±8.03×10⁴) cells/m L,底层水体的平均丰度分别为(2.64×10⁴±...     

Dynamics of picoplankton in the Nansha Islands area of the South China Sea

Dynamics of major picoplankton groups, Synechococcus (Syn), Prochlorococcus (Pro), picoeukaryotes (Euk) and heterotrophic bacteria (Bact) was investigated by flow cytometry for the first time in the Nansha Islands area in the South China Sea. Averaged over the whole investigation area, depth-weighted integrated cell abundance (DWA) of Syn, Pro, Euk and Bact was 1.6 (0.4-5.7)×103, 5.4 (0.1-7.3)×104, 0.7 (0.2-2.2)×103, and 2.3 (1.4-3.2)×105 cells/mL respectively. Picoautotrophic cell abundance was low in the northwest part of the Nansha Islands where surface water temperature was low and the upper mixed layer was shallow. Concurrently, a surface maximum vertical distribution pattern was observed in this area. While in the southeast and east zones where temperatures were relatively higher and nitraclines were deeper, picoplankton is abundant and a subsurface maximum around 50-75 m is observed. Coupling of horizontal and vertical distribution patterns of picoplankton abundance and hydrological status wa     

Picoplankton abundance and biomass in the East China Sea during autumn and winter

During Nov. 2006 and Feb. 2007, two investigations were carried out to investigate the abundance, carbon biomass, and distribution of picoplankton (Pico) and its relationship to the hydrological regime in the East China Sea (ECS). Pico consisted of three groups of photosynthetic picoplankton (phPico)—Synechococcus (Syn), Prochlorococcus (Pro) and Picoeukaryotes (PEuk)—and heterotrophic bacteria (HBAC). The average abundance of Pro, PEuk and HBAC was lower in autumn than in winter, but for Syn the opposite trend was observed. Water temperature, salinity, and stability of water column influenced Pico distribution in both seasons. Regression analysis showed distinct positive correlations between HBAC and phPico in both seasons. Syn contributed more to phPico in coastal waters, whereas Pro dominanted in the shelf and slope areas. PEuk was the major contributor to carbon biomass. In the Pico community, HBAC was predominant, both in abundance and in terms of carbon biomass. The phenomenon of subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) was observed ubiquitously in the shelf and slope area, and Pico organisms were the major contributors.     

Community structure of picoplankton abundance and biomass in the southern Huanghai Sea during the spring and autumn of 2006

During spring and autumn of 2006,the investigations on abundance,carbon biomass and distribution of picoplankton were carried out in the southern Huanghai Sea(Yellow Sea,sHS) . Three groups of picoplankton-Synechococcus(Syn) ,Picoeukaryotes(PEuk) and heterotrophic bacteria(BAC) were identified,but Prochlorococcus(Pro) was undetected. The average abundance of Syn and PEuk was lower in spring(5.0 and 1.3 × 10 3 cells/cm 3,respectively) than in autumn(92.4 and 2.7 × 10 3 cells/cm 3,respectively) ,but it was opposite for BAC(1.3 and 0.7 × 10 6 cells/cm 3 in spring and autumn,respectively) . And the total carbon biomass of picoplankton was higher in spring(37.23 ± 11.67) mg/m 3 than in autumn(21.29 ± 13.75) mg/m 3 . The ratios of the three cell abundance were 5:1:1 341 and 30:1:124 in spring and autumn,respectively. And the ratios of carbon biomass of them were 5:7:362 and 9:4:4 in spring and autumn,respectively. Seasonal distribution characteristics of Syn,PEuk,BAC were quite different from each other. In spring,Syn abundance decreased in turn in the central waters(where phytoplankton bloom in spring occurred) ,the southern waters and inshore waters of the Shandong Peninsula(where even Syn was undetected) ;the high values of PEuk abundance appeared in the central and southern waters and the inshore of the Shandong Peninsula;the abundance of BAC was nearly three order of magnitude higher than that of photosynthetic picoplankton,and high values appeared in the central waters. In autumn,Syn abundance in central waters was higher than that in surrounding waters,while for PEuk abundance,it decreased in turn in the inshore waters of the Shandong Peninsula,the southern waters and the central waters;BAC presented a complicated blocky type distribution. Sub-surface maximum of each group of picopalnkton appeared in both spring and autumn. Compared with the available literatures concerning the studied area,the range of Syn abundance was larger,and the abundance of BAC was higher. In addition,the conversion factors for calculating picoplanktonic carbon biomass were discussed,with the conversion factors which are different from previous studies in the same surveyed waters. The result of regression analysis showed that there was distinct positive correlation between BAC and photosynthetic picoplankton in spring(r=0.61,P 0.001) ,but no correlation was found in autumn.     

南大洋和南极考察航线海表超微型浮游生物分布及影响因子

南极考察航线跨越全球多个大洋,对认识超微型浮游生物在全球尺度分布及变化具有重要意义。依托中国第33次南极考察,利用流式细胞仪对航线海表水样中的超微型浮游生物进行了现场测定。结果表明,在热带与温带海域,超微型浮游生物量可占总叶绿素a浓度的60%以上,在南大洋则集中在15%～40%;原绿球藻主要分布在40°S以北海域,聚球藻主要分布在50°S以北海域,而超微型真核藻类和异养细菌则在沿线各海域均有明显分布。在纬向上,原绿球藻、聚球藻、超微型真核藻类和异养细菌的平均丰度分别为(5.50±9.09)×10³ cells/mL、(13.56±20.33)×10³ cells/mL、(3.87±3.08)×10³ cells/mL和(6.39±4.78)×10⁵ cells/mL;南大洋海域,超微型真核藻类和异养细菌的平均丰度分别为(3.31±1.46)×10³ cells/mL和(4.68±4.39)×10⁵ cells/mL,在少数站位检测到较低丰度的聚球藻,平均值...     

The coccolithophore summer–autumn assemblage in the upwelling waters of Portugal: Patterns of mesoscale distribution (1985–2005)

A study of the mesoscale distribution of phytoplankton communities observed along the Portuguese upwelling coast in 1985–1986 made it possible to identify an assemblage composed by the coccolithophores Helicosphaera carteri, Syracosphaera pulchra and Coronosphaera mediterranea. The assemblage was consistently present in the coast in the following years (1991, 1992, 1994, 2003 and 2005) and from 1992 onwards, Rhabdosphaera clavigera was recognised as being part of it, although in low concentrations During late summer, this group of species showed higher affinities with upwelling waters of subtropical origin (ENACWst) on the SW coast. At the end of the upwelling season, in autumn, the assemblage was advected to the NW shelf due to the intensification of the poleward surface circulation or meridional seasonal changes of environmental conditions. The species maximum abundances were not coincident in space: H. carteri developed at the central part of the western coast while blooms of S. pulchra and C. mediterranea generally occurred further south, such as at the upwelling centre of cape S. Vicente. Syracosphaera pulchra blooms were characterised by lower concentrations of C. mediterranea and vice-versa. The above patterns were recurrent along the years but the relative abundance of each species appeared related to the interannual variability of physical conditions as the upwelling.     

夏季南黄海主要环境因子对微微型浮游生物分布影响

利用流式细胞技术, 获取南黄海夏季微微型浮游生物丰度数据, 分析了其组成和分布规律, 并探讨了主要的影响因子。2011年夏季, 聚球藻、微微型真核藻、异养细菌在整个调查海区的平均丰度分别在1×104、1×103、1×106 cells/mL数量级上。在全调查海区, 聚球藻和微微型真核藻受温度和光照的限制明显, 主要集中分布在温跃层及其以上水层;而营养盐的限制较小, 它们的影响只有在沿岸流影响明显的西部海区才能较为明显的体现出来。结果表明在该海域浓度较高的营养盐能够促进微微型浮游生物的生长, 但不是其限制因素;异养细菌受环境因子限制较小, 即使在深海也保持着较高的丰度。