四川眉山某滑坡稳定性评价及治理设计方案研究

以四川眉山市某滑坡实例为研究对象,在分析滑坡基本特征、滑坡勘查技术方法和成因机制的基础上,再通过参数反演和经验值计算对该滑坡进行稳定性评价,并结合勘查及验算数据提出设计所需要的相关参数,依据设计原则,提出具体设计方案,并对最终治理工程进行效益评价。研究结果认为:滑坡在暴雨、地震等不利条件下,整体处于欠稳定状态。针对滑坡欠稳定状态进行治理工程设计,提出的具体治理方案为公路排水沟靠山侧修建抗滑桩、桩间设挡板和对公路水沟进行修复。通过实施该治理方案,可保证滑坡区的稳定性与安全性。研究结论以期为类似工程项目的勘查和设计实例提供参考。     

清江隔河岩水库茅坪滑坡的主要影响因素分析

文章在调研了茅坪滑坡的基础上,对可能影响茅坪滑坡的因素进行了详细地分析研究,给出了茅坪滑坡地形、地貌、地裂缝调查现状、竖井地质素描、降雨规律、地表位移监测及其数据分析,并对几方面的信息进行综合分析,认为白岩崩塌、库水涨落及白岩中的采煤活动均不是茅坪滑坡变形的主要因素;由于滑坡上大量裂缝及水田的存在,降雨及水沟中水的入渗才是茅坪滑坡产生大变形的主要原因.     

陕-甘G312高速公路彬县滑坡群稳定性数值分析

由于地质环境薄弱,在西部公路等基础设施建设中,存在很多工程地质问题。陕甘G312高速公路彬县滑坡群就座落在公路连接线经过的泾河左岸与黄土塬之间的斜坡沟壑地带。对公路的正常的运营存在潜在威胁。在探明滑坡群工程地质特征和成因机制基础上,采用边坡稳定性分析软件FLAC/SLOPE,将滑坡群分成3个相对独立的滑坡体单元(Ⅰ号滑坡、Ⅱ号滑坡、Ⅲ号滑坡),选取4个具有代表性的地质剖面,建立地质模型。并按天然状态和饱和状态对滑坡群的稳定性进行了数值分析。剪应变率云图和稳定性计算结果表明,滑坡群在天然及饱和状态下均处于稳定状态。但滑坡群剪出口以下因公路开挖而形成的边坡处于不稳定状态。与现场变形现象相吻合。     

浅谈公路隧道洞口段设计

公路隧道洞口段地质水文条件复杂,洞预埋深浅,围岩自承能力差,在施工中容易出现滑坡、塌方和大变形等情况。本文通过实际的工程设计和施工实践,提出了公路隧道洞口段设计需要着重考虑的因素及技术措施。其中包括不同地质地貌条件下洞门位置的确定、地表加固的作用和方法、洞口边仰坡开挖和加固、超前支护设计等。综合考虑隧道洞口段的各种自然条件,合理运用相应的技术措施,能够保证施工安全和工程质量,并可以节约工程造价。     

某公路滑坡工程治理浅析

随着山区公路的大量兴建,将不可避免遇到滑坡灾害,如何成功的治理公路滑坡灾害,将直接决定工程的造价与后期营运的成本。通过介绍某公路滑坡的设计与施工,总结出了滑坡治理应根据各种不同情况,进行认真分析、对比,提出最佳治理方案,方可保证公路建设与营运的安全。     

滑坡透明化研究与应用:以黄土坡滑坡为例

以自主研发的三维可视化平台(QuantyView)为支撑,建立了三峡库区黄土坡滑坡及其中大型野外试验洞的三维地质模型,以虚拟的滑坡模型为透明的载体,集成了地质勘察与试验洞设计数据,可以为滑坡研究提供全面的数据支持,也增强了滑坡研究的直观性与洞察力,研究结果表明在地质灾害勘察、治理领域开展"玻璃地灾"建设是必要和可行的。     

襄十高速公路韩家垭滑坡地质特征、成因分析及评价

襄十高速公路K427 500~K428 250处段遭遇韩家垭滑坡,其对公路建设和运营造成较大影响。本文阐述了韩家垭滑坡的基本工程地质特征,分析了滑坡成因机制,并就滑坡对公路工程的影响分段进行了定性评价。     

某滑坡抗滑桩治理效果监测分析

野水沟滑坡为忠县-武汉输气管道工程沿线上的一滑坡灾害点,采取了抗滑桩这一治理措施以保证管道的安全运行。为了确保施工期的安全和获取抗滑桩的内力分布数据并客观评价抗滑桩的工作状态,对滑坡体进行了长期的GPS地表位移和抗滑桩应力监测。通过建立单筋矩形截面受弯构件模型,给出了根据钢筋计监测数据计算抗滑桩弯矩的方法并提出了安全可靠度这一概念以定量判断抗滑桩的工作状态。对该滑坡地表位移及抗滑桩内力监测成果分析表明,抗滑桩目前处于安全状态,发挥了一定作用,治理工程取得了明显效果,抑制了滑坡的进一步变形。      

某二级公路滑坡稳定性评价及防治对策

简要地阐述了某二级公路滑坡的基本特征、成因机制。根据现场调查、勘探及试验成果,利用反算法对滑坡进行了稳定性计算及评价,并根据评价结果,提出了该滑坡的相应防治对策。     

隧道施工期洞身段滑坡的超前地质预报

针对隧道施工期洞身段的滑坡超前地质预报, 以某高速公路某座隧道为例进行技术探讨, 介绍了隧道工程概况及滑坡区域基本工程地质条件。采用地质法中的趋势外推法、地质雷达波反射法、超前钻孔法, 对滑坡在隧道穿越区的延伸、规模、物质组成、工程和物理力学特性及其与隧道的空间位置关系进行了分析预测。得出了超前地质预报的综合评判结论, 减小甚至规避了单一方法的缺陷, 并提出了针对性的施工处治思路。实践证明本隧道洞身段滑坡超前地质预报是成功的, 对类似工程具有一定的参考价值。     

Evaluation of coseismic landslide hazard on the proposed Haast-Hollyford Highway,South Island,New Zealand

Coseismic landsliding presents a major hazard to infrastructure in mountains during large earthquakes. This is particularly true for road networks, as historically coseismic landsliding has resulted in road losses larger than those due to ground shaking. Assessing the exposure of current and planned highway links to coseismic landsliding for future earthquake scenarios is therefore vital for disaster risk reduction. This study presents a method to evaluate the exposure of critical infrastructure to landsliding from scenario earthquakes from an underlying quantitative landslide hazard assessment. The method is applied to a proposed new highway link in South Island, New Zealand, for a scenario Alpine Fault earthquake and compared to the current network. Exposure (the likelihood of a network being affected by one or more landslides) is evaluated from a regional-scale coseismic landslide hazard model and assessed on a relative basis from 0 to 1. The results show that the proposed Haast-Hollyford Highway (HHH) would be highly exposed to coseismic landsliding with at least 30–40?km likely to be badly affected (the Simonin Pass route being the worse affected of the two routes). In the current South Island State Highway network, the HHH would be the link most exposed to landsliding and would increase the total network exposure by 50–70% despite increasing the total road length by just 3%. The present work is intended to provide an effective method to assess coseismic landslide hazard of infrastructure in mountains with seismic hazard, and potentially identify mitigation options and critical network segments.     

Back analysis of landslide susceptibility zonation mapping for the 2005 Kashmir earthquake: an assessment of the reliability of susceptibility zoning maps

The October 2005 earthquake triggered several thousand landslides in the Lesser Himalaya of Kashmir in northern Pakistan and India. Analyses of ASTER satellite imagery from 2001 were compared with a study undertaken in 2005; the results show the extent and nature of pre- and co-/post-seismic landsliding. Within a designated study area of ~2,250 km², the number of landslides increased from 369 in 2001 to 2,252 in October 2005. Assuming a balanced baseline landsliding frequency over the 4 years, most of the new landslides were likely triggered by the 2005 earthquake and its aftershocks. These landslides mainly happened in specific geologic formations, along faults, rivers and roads, and in shrubland/grassland and agricultural land. Preliminary results from repeat photographs from 2005 and 2006 after the snowmelt season reveal that much of the ongoing landsliding occurred along rivers and roads, and the extensive earthquake-induced fissuring. Although the susceptibility zoning success rate for 2001 was low, many of the co-/post-seismic landsliding in 2005 occurred in areas that had been defined as being potentially dangerous on the 2001 map. While most of the area in 2001 was (very) highly susceptible to future landsliding, most of the area in 2005 was only moderate to low susceptible, that is, most of the landsliding in 2005 actually occurred in the potentially dangerous areas on the 2001 map. This study supports the view that although susceptibility zoning maps represent a powerful tool in natural hazard management, caution is needed when developing and using such maps.     

滑坡工程的稳定性评价与灾害治理

主要阐述某场地设施设备受临边滑坡的威胁,对该滑坡进行勘察,稳定性验算,滑坡形成原因分析,综合评价,提出治理方案。     

Remediation and monitoring of a highway across an active landslide at Trevor, North Wales

In March 1989, a moderately steep slope forming sidelong ground below the B5434 Trevor to Froncysyllte Road failed after a period of exceptionally heavy rainfall and severed the highway. A long history of ground movements together with river erosion at the toe and a change in the groundwater regime within the slope created the preconditions for landslide. Site investigations characterised the ground conditions and identified the active slip surface within the compound landslide terrain. The permanent remedial measures adopted proved to be of considerable practical interest involving a bored pile anchored wall with foundations socketed into a deep sandstone foundation stratum. The anchored wall was designed to safeguard the highway and it was anticipated that deloading the slope would reduce the capacity for further movement. The wall achieved the design objective but progressive downslope movements resumed about one year after construction. They continue spasmodically to the present time with rates approaching 9 mm per year both laterally and vertically and although they affect the neighbouring areas, the highway corridor remains intact. The response of load cells attached to the ground anchors reveal two unusual patterns of increasing loads. At the eastern end of the wall, moderate load gains clearly relate to landsliding with reactivation along the existing slip surface and consequent removal of support to the wall as the ground progressively fails in a downslope direction. However, anomalous increases in loads recorded at the western end of the wall have proved more difficult to explain. They may be due either to a build up of water pressure behind the downhill portion of the wall or to localised weak ground conditions or swelling of degraded mudstones behind the wall. Monitoring of the load cells will continue in order to ensure the ongoing integrity of the highway.     

Characteristics of a rapid landsliding area along Jinsha River revealed by multi-temporal remote sensing and its risks to Sichuan-Tibet railway

The Sichuan-Tibet railway goes across the Upper Jinsha River, along which a large number of large historical landslides have occurred and dammed the river. Therefore, it is of great significance to investigate large potential landslides along the Jinsha River. In this paper, we inspect the deformation characteristics of a rapid landsliding area along the Jinsha River by using multi-temporal remote sensing, and analyzed its future development and risk to the Sichuan-Tibet railway. Surface deformations and damage features between January 2016 and October 2020 were obtained using multi-temporal InSAR and multi-temporal correlations of optical images, respectively. Deformation and failure signs obtained from the field investigation were highly consistent. Results showed that cumulative deformation of the landsliding area is more than 50 cm, and the landsliding area is undergoing an accelerated deformation stage. The external rainfall condition, water level, and water flow rate are important factors controlling the deformation. The increase of rainfall, the rise of water level, and faster flow rate will accelerate the deformation of slope. The geological conditions of the slope itself affect the deformation of landslide. Due to the enrichment of gently dipping gneiss and groundwater, the slope is more likely to slide along the slope. The Jinsha River continuously scours the concave bank of the slope, causing local collapses and forming local free surfaces. Numerical simulation results show that once the landsliding area fails, the landslide body may form a 4-km-long dammed lake, and the water level could rise about 200 m; the historic data shows that landslide dam may burst in 2–8 days after sliding. Therefore, strategies of landslide hazard mitigation in the study area should be particularly made for the coming rainy seasons to mitigate risks from the landsliding area.

     

Application of an analytical hierarchical process approach for landslide susceptibility mapping in A Luoi district,Thua Thien Hue Province,Vietnam

A Luoi is a Vietnamese–Laotian border district situated in the western part of Thua Thien Hue province, central Vietnam, where landslides occur frequently and seriously affect local living conditions. This study focuses on the spatial analysis of landslide susceptibility in this 263-km² area. To analyze landslide manifestation in the study area, causative factor maps are derived of slope angle, weathering, land use, geomorphology, fault density, geology, drainage distance, elevation, and precipitation. The analytical hierarchical process approach is used to combine these maps for landslide susceptibility mapping. A landslide susceptibility zonation map with four landslide susceptibility classes, i.e. low, moderate, high, and very high susceptibility for landsliding, is derived based on the correspondence with an inventory of observed landslides. The final map indicates that about 37% of the area is very highly susceptible for landsliding and about 22% is highly susceptible, which means that more than half of the area should be considered prone to landsliding.     

Rainfall thresholds for the initiation of landslide at Lanta Khola in north Sikkim,India

In the Indian Himalaya, a 15 km stretch of the North Sikkim Highway that is exceptionally susceptible to landsliding is characterized by fine-grained, low permeability debris material. Lanta Khola is one of the major debris slides in this stretch and is active every year during the monsoons. Although the relationship between rainfall and landsliding in the area is obvious, there is no previous study of precipitation thresholds for landslide initiation. Review of available rainfall and landslide activity data for the area between 1998 and 2006 suggests that sliding cannot be modeled by typical exponential relationships between cumulative rainfall (E) and rainfall duration (D). An alternative rainfall threshold has been proposed that predicts sliding if normalized cumulative rainfall for more than 15 days exceeds 250 mm. It is suggested that when this cumulative rainfall threshold is exceeded, the debris zone in the affected stretch becomes saturated and fails, causing landsliding.     

Scaling and multivariate analysis of medium to large landslide events: Haida Gwaii, British Columbia

Gimbarzevsky (1988) collected an exceptional landsliding inventory for Haida Gwaii, British Columbia that included over 8,000 landsliding vectors covering an area of approximately 10,000 km². This database was never published in the referred literature, despite its regional significance. It was collected prior to widespread application of GIS technologies in landsliding studies, limiting the analyses undertaken at the time. Gimbarzevsky identified landslides using 1:50,000 aerial photographs, and transferred the information to NTS map sheets. In our study, we digitized the landslide vectors from these original map sheets and connected each landslide to a digital elevation model. Lengths of landslide vectors are compared to the landsliding inventory for Haida Gwaii analyzed in Rood (1984), Martin Y et al. BC Can J Earth Sci 39:289–305 (2002); the latter inventory is based on larger-scale aerial photographs (~1:12,000). Rood’s database contains a more complete record of smaller landslides, while the inventory of Gimbarzevsky provides improved statistical representation of less frequent, medium to large landslides. It is suggested that combined landslide delineation at different scales could provide a more complete landslide record. Discriminant analysis was undertaken to assess which of nine predictor variables, chosen on the basis of mechanical theory, best predict failed versus unfailed locations. Seven of the nine variables were found to be statistically significant in discriminating amongst failed and unfailed locations. Results show that 81.7% of original grouped cases were correctly classified.     

矿物成分、特征地球化学组分对水在滑带形成中作用的指示意义:以三峡库区大型滑坡为例

弄清滑坡滑带抗剪强度降低的根本原因是滑坡形成机理研究和滑坡活动趋势预测的主要内容之一。水是滑带形成过程中导致其抗剪强度衰减的最活跃因素之一。三峡库区两个大型滑坡实例分析显示,滑带及其周围岩土矿物成分、地球化学成分的变化特征指示滑带形成与水-岩(土)物理、化学作用的方式及作用程度,从而证实矿物学、地球化学研究方法和理论是揭示滑带抗剪强度降低内在机理的有效途径之一。三峡库区黄土坡滑坡临江I#崩滑体和泄滩滑坡滑带土及其周围岩土矿物学、主量化学元素的含量变化特征指示:前者滑带形成过程中,滑带部位地下水因大气降水补给、地下水的氧化作用活跃,导致滑带土抗剪强度减低,其主要原因是其中泥灰岩碎屑的水解泥化作用、方解石溶解作用和伊利石向伊-蒙混层矿物的转化作用;后者滑带形成过程中,滑带部位地下水与外界水力联系较差、地下水的还原作用强烈,滑带部位长石化学风化、次生粘土矿物增多,可知由伊利石转化的伊-蒙混层矿物增多是导致滑带土抗剪强度衰减的主要原因。     

A method for predicting the impact of climate change on slope stability

 A major effect of man-induced climate change could be a generally higher frequency and magnitude of extreme climatological events in Europe. Consequently, the frequency of rainfall-triggered landslides could increase. However, assessment of the impact of climate change on landsliding is difficult, because on a regional scale, climate change will vary strongly, and even the sign of change can be opposite. Furthermore, different types of landslides are triggered by different mechanisms. A potential method for predicting climate change impact on landsliding is to link slope models to climate scenarios obtained through downscaling General Circulation Models (GCM). Methodologies, possibilities and problems are discussed, as well as some tentative results for a test site in South-East France. Received: 25 October 1997 · Accepted: 25 June 1997