南极生物群起源与演化国际学术讨论会

南极生物群起源与演化国际学术讨论会,于1988年5月24—26日在伦敦举行.会议由英国地质学会、古生物学会、南极调查所和国家科学基金会极地项目部联合举办.会议内容涉及生物的起源;冈瓦纳古陆分裂、气候变冷、冰川作用、火山活动、极地长夜、洋流温度与生物演化和发展之间的关系.     

南极研究科学委员会(SCAR)专家组会议

在本届南极地球科学讨论会(1987年8月24—28日)期间及会后,南极研究科学委员会(SCAR)分别举行了南极地质制图学、火山岩地质及岩石学、南方高纬度新生代古环境演化、南极岩石圈结构与演化四个专家组正式会议.由于时间冲突,笔者未能参加古环境会议.制图会议对讨论会上展示并向SCAR提交的图件逐一审议.其中地质图均为小范围大比例尺图,如巴西提交的乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛地形地质图(1∶1.5万);地球物理方面以航磁图为多;最引人注目的是大面积遥感图,利用卫(航)片经数据处理清晰地反映出地质构造或冰盖结构特征.会议着重讨论了今后几年计划实现的16幅图件(地质6、地球物理6、遥感3、水文1),其中主要有“南极地质全图”(1∶1千万,Tingey主编,“斯科舍弧构造图”(1∶3百万,J.W.Thomson主编),“罗斯海、威得尔海构造及地震剖面图”(比例尺未定,K.Hinz主编),“南极半岛地区地震剖面及地质图”(比例尺未定,C.O.Berbert主编)等.当讨论新遥感图件协调问题时,几家大公司代表就“LANDSAT”、“SPOT”、“AVHRR”等卫星及数据处理性能优劣争论激烈,并都希望由本公司承担这一任务.     

走向世界的丹霞地貌学术盛会——国际地貌学家协会丹霞地貌工作组第一次会议暨第二届丹霞地貌国际学术讨论会在韶关成功召开

由国际地貌学家协会(IAG)、国际地质科学联合会(IUGS)、中国地理学会和中国地质学会支持,国际地貌学家协会丹霞地貌工作组和中山大学地理科学与规划学院主办,广东丹霞山世界自然遗产、世界地质公园管委会承办的“国际地貌学家协会丹霞地貌工作组第一次会议暨第二届丹霞地貌国际学术讨论会”于2011 年10 月28-31 日在广东省韶关市隆重召开。来自新西兰、波兰、美国、德国、英国、意大利、韩国、日本、中国等9 个国家95位专家、学者及景区技术与管理人员代表出席了会议。     

国际岩石圈保护计划的一次会议

1934年8月4—14日在苏联莫斯科召开的第27届国际地质大会期间,联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)和联合国环境开发署(UNEP)举行了国际岩石圈保护计划第二阶段工作组会议。会议主要讨论了苏联学者提出的《地质与环境》这一专著的编写提纲和计划。与会者共55人,其中苏联39人,联邦德国、法国和捷克斯洛伐克各2人,英国、荷兰、匈牙利、瑞典和中国各1人,UNESCO官员和UNEP官员各2人,等等。苏联地质保矿部部长E.A.科兹洛夫斯基、苏联科学院副院长A.T.雅申,UNESCO地学司主席V.塞布拉瓦(捷克斯洛伐克)、     

第五届国际南极地球科学讨论会

本届讨论会于8月24—28日在英国剑桥鲁宾逊学院举行,共有23个国家196名代表参加,其中美(54人)、英(51人)、西德(17人)、南非(8人)、意大利(8人)、澳大利亚(8人)、新西兰(8人)、日本(6人)等国代表人数较多.除正式代表以外,尚有许多自由听众(如英国南极局研究生、外国石油公司代表等).会议于24日上午开幕,英地调所长致2分钟简短祝词,会议主席(英南极局地质处主任)用M.Thomson教授作了有关说明,即开始宣读论文.     

第四届亚洲土地利用／土地覆被变化及环境问题国际学术研讨会召开

由IHDP中国委员会、IGBP中国委员会和中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所联合主办，国家自然科学基金委员会等学术组织与团体协办的“第四届亚洲土地利用／土地覆被变化(LUCC)及环境问题国际学术研讨会”于2004年10月15日至16日在中科院地理资源所举行。会议由中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所和CNC—IGBP／IHDP土地利用／覆被变化工作组承办。     

拉斯曼丘陵环境工作组科学讨论会在霍巴特召开

拉斯曼丘陵环境工作组科学讨论会在霍巴特召开１９９７年５月１３日～１６日，在澳大利亚霍巴特市，由澳大利亚南极局组织召开了拉斯曼丘陵环境工作组会议，会议主题是拉斯曼丘陵地区的科学考察活动、南极地区的人类活动对环境的影响问题和环境保护措施，对今后的科学考察...     

南极陨石研究讨论会召开

研究陨石 ,对于研究太阳系的形成和演化、生命的起源、空间技术等具有重要科学价值。尤其采集自南极冰盖的陨石标本 ,由于其处于最少地球污染的环境和低温条件下 ,最能反映地球之外物质的原始状态 ,研究价值更有可贵之处。2 0 0 0年 1 2月 4日 ,国家海洋局极地考察办公室在中国极地研究所召开了南极陨石研究讨论会 ,来自国家自然科学基金委、南京大学、中国科学院等单位的 1 4名陨石、地质等专家出席了会议。会上由中国科学院广州新技术研究所的林扬挺研究员介绍了国际南极陨石岩研究现状 ,王道德教授介绍了与国外进行陨石协作研究的情况 ,…     

摄影测量与遥感国际学术讨论会会讯

第十六届摄影测量与遥感国际学术讨论会,将于一九八八年七月一日至十二日,在日本京都国际会馆召开。会议由国际摄影测量、遥感学会(ISPRS)主办,日本摄影测量学会为这次会议的东道主。     

第四届全国地学史学术讨论会在福州举行

中国科学技术史学会地学史专业委员会召集的第四届全国地学史学术讨论会于1988年11月5至9日在福州市举行。全国地学史学术讨论会每两年举行一届年会:第一届年会于1982年12月19日至24日在广州召开,75人到会,提交论文75篇;第二届年会于1984年11月19日至23日在桂林举行,90人出席了会议,提交论文86篇;第三届年会于1986年8月15至22日在西宁召开,56人到会,提交论文43篇。     

The effect of an increasing tree canopy on hay meadow vegetation in south-west Norway

In a sloping hay meadow, situated on phyllitic soils in the fjord region of western Norway, shade from solitary trees in the lower meadow and from high tree cover on the upper slopes has reduced the number of indicators of traditional management, which include vulnerable hay-meadow species. However, the number of additional species, for example, forest species, was higher in shade from solitary trees than in the open; the areas under the crowns may have functioned as refuges for forest species in former days, when wooded hay meadows, comprising small woodlots, solitary trees and shrubs, were widespread in the region. Indicators of traditional management were more frequent in dry plots than in moist plots, but most species in this group occurred in moist plots too. To keep the habitat area for these species as large as possible and at the same time restore the former well-managed tree-layer of the meadow, the removal of large Fraxinus excelsior and Alnus incana specimens from the upper slopes and reduction of the crowns of solitary Taxus baccata and Prunus domesticus on the lower slopes is recommended.     

Observation of Tidal Tilt On Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

Summary. We have analysed the east-west tilt components, O₁, K₁, N₂, M₂ and S₂ from a continuously recording tiltmeter located in Uwekahuna Vault on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, for the period 1971—79. Detailed analysis of the M₂ component gives values of 30.9 ± 2.0 (95 per cent) nrad and 116.0 ± 2.0° for the amplitude and phase, respectively, compared to values of 48.5 nrad and 139.4° for the equilibrium tide. the total theoretical tide, found by summing the equilibrium and load tides, amounts to 37.2 nrad at a phase of 121.7°. the 20 per cent discrepancy with that observed may be due to an inaccurate cotical chart, cavity effects in the vault, strain—tilt coupling or an inappropriate solid earth model. In the vicinity of Hawaii (≤ 3°) two independent cotidal charts give almost identical results for the near field ocean load. At greater distances, we use the Schwiderski (1978) cotidal chart. We estimate that local cavity and strain—tilt coupling effects are less than 12 per cent owing to the agreement between geodetically determined and instrumental tilt but we can not rule out regional effects. Assuming these are small and the cotical charts correct, we find that the M₂ results are brought into satisfactory agreement if, instead of using an average oceanic earth model in the (< 75 km) vicinity of Hawaii, we use an earth model with nearly one-half the oceanic rigidity. Such a low upper mantle and crustal rigidity is consistent with Kilauea's position above the thermal upwelling associated with the Hawaiian hotspot.     

南极长城站潮汐特征分析

本文使用南极长城站 1 987年 3月至 1 988年 2月连续观测资料 (每小时观测一次 ) ,对这里的潮波系统、潮汐类型、潮时、潮差和水位等潮汐特征进行了分析描述     

江苏沿海滩涂围垦耕地质量演变趋势分析

淤涨型沿海滩涂作为中国重要湿地和耕地后备资源,承担着生态保护、社会保障、经济发展等多重服务功能。选取江苏中部淤涨型滨海滩涂开展实证分析,分析围垦年限为0~40年滩涂垦区耕地质量因子空间差异,采用“时空代换”方法揭示滨海滩涂围垦后耕地质量的演变趋势,为沿海滩涂围垦区耕地资源可持续利用提供决策参考。结果表明：江苏中部沿海滩涂土壤总体呈现盐碱度高、养分贫瘠等特征且土壤理化性质变异程度高,土壤质地呈现显著南北和陆海梯度特征。滩涂垦区围垦初期地形、植被状态和围垦后滨海滩涂转变为耕地路径对耕地质量演变趋势均具有重要影响。沿海滩涂转为耕地路径由垦区自然条件、开发主体、开发规模等因素共同作用,江苏中部沿海滩涂转为耕地路径已从“盐生植被→养殖水体→耕地”转变为“盐生植被→耕地”,该转变缩短了滩涂转为耕地的周期,但同时也带来围垦滩涂撂荒闲置现象。围垦后沿海滩涂土壤逐步向耕地土壤转变,耕地质量因子演变趋势可分为四种：上升型,如土壤全磷、有效磷、粘粒含量;下降型,如土壤砂粒含量;下降—上升型,如有机质、全氮、碱解氮和CEC;上升—下降型,如土壤盐分和pH。围垦初期,滩涂土壤脱离海水环境,土壤有机质发生矿化过程呈现下降趋势,土壤盐分和pH受到蒸发和蒸腾作用急剧上升;围垦中期,受到人类耕作作物秸秆等有机物输入以及施肥的影响,土壤有机质、养分等呈现上升趋势,土壤盐分和pH呈现下降趋势;围垦后期,耕地质量因子受到耕作管理影响存在一定幅度的波动,由于沿海滩涂垦区耕地形成时间短,耕地质量对耕作管理等因素敏感度高。     

长江口拦门沙河段潮滩表层沉积物分布特征(英文)

Sediment samples with high spatial resolution (432 samples in total) and flow data were collected on the tidal flats in the mouth-bar region of the Yangtze Estuary. The data was collected in July 2005, July 2006 and May 2007. The samples were analyzed with a particle sizer, resulting in the sediment distribution. The grain sizes and related parameters were analyzed. The results were presented in a ternary diagram. The sediment mainly consisted of sand, silty sand, sandy silt, sand-silt-clay, silt and clayey silt. And sand skeletons and clay matrices were found. At Nanhui Shoal, silt skeletons could be identified as well. Furthermore, the results were discussed per shoal. Although some depth dependencies were found per shoal, no general relation was found. The results are as follows: sediment located at these tidal flats of the Yangtze Estuary was mainly composed of sand, silty sand and silt. The median grain size in sediment was relatively complex with a range from 2.5 φ to 8 φ. The distributions of sorting coefficients ranging from 1 to 2 were in agreement with median sizes. It was suggested that sediment of the tidal flats was coarser and better sorted or finer and worse sorted. The skewness in sediment distribution varied from 0.1 to 0.8. In addition, the distributions of sorting coefficient and skewness in sediment at Chongming Eastern Shoal, Hengsha Eastern Shoal and Jiuduan Shoal were of similar characteristics because there were closely positive correlated relationships among these parameters. However, due to the location difference between Nanhui Southern Shoal and Eastern Shoal, the values of sorting coefficient and skewness had relatively large distinctions. The tracks of sediment transport could be described based on the distributions of sediment, which might reveal sediment transport controlled by two dominant hydrodynamic factors of current and wave. It was appreciable that coarser sediment with lower sorted coefficient was affected by dominant ebb current action and intense wave action resulted from rapidly dissipated wave energy. Moreover, due to the effects of obstructed branches, guided current and broken wave actions of the Deep Water Channel Project, grain-size in sediment located at two sides of the groyne was of uneven distribution characteristics.