基于改进遗传算法的长短桩复合地基优化设计

当前复合地基实践中出现了许多以优化为目的的新的生长点,长短桩复合地基作为一种新型的复合地基处理形式,其优化设计即在满足地基承载力和沉降变形的基础上实现最佳经济性的优化目标。本文采用改进的遗传算法,以长短桩桩体总费用为目标函数,全部约束条件均按相应规范要求给出,建立长短桩复合地基的优化设计数学模型,并编制了相应的计算程序。同时给出长短桩复合地基优化设计算例,计算结果表明,此算法能优化设计,降低工程造价,对工程设计有较强的参考价值。     

基于遗传算法的深层搅拌桩优化设计

将遗传算法应用于深层搅拌桩优化设计中,以单位面积内深层搅拌桩的水泥用量为优化目标函数。全部约束条件均按相应规范的要求给出,并针对传统遗传算法优化设计时遇到的诸如计算量大、早熟收敛等问题,提出了相应的改进策略,利用Visual C++编制了计算程序,通过实例证明了所提优化方法的有效性。     

桩筏基础的系统模拟法优化设计研究

针对桩筏基础复杂的大系统问题,提出了系统模拟法优化设计思想。首先应用正交试验设计优化系统输入,其次采用桩筏基础有限元分析程序计算系统输出响应,最后运用多目标决策技术优化系统输出响应并确定桩筏基础优化设计均衡解。该方法实现了人机交互的优化设计,可确保优化结果可行性。     

地下水疏干井群优化设计的遗传算法

讨论了用遗传算法求解优化问题的基本原理、参数的确定方法及解题的基本步骤。通过对假设疏干井群优化设计管理模型的计算,讨论了遗传算法在地下水疏干井群优化设计中应用的有效性和优越性。     

基于遗传算法的抗滑桩优化设计

抗滑桩由于其桩位布置灵活、施工比较方便、治理效果可靠,是滑坡治理工程中广泛采用的一种抗滑措施。一直以来抗滑桩设计都是沿用手工查表计算的方法,采用这种传统的抗滑桩设计方法不仅增加了工程师繁重的计算工作,而且很难实现优化设计。文章在对抗滑桩的工作机理进行分析的基础上,讨论了影响抗滑桩经济性的主要因素,以抗滑桩的截面宽、高和长度为基本要素,建立了抗滑桩优化设计的数学模型,并采用遗传算法进行求解。最后对一个工程实例用传统设计方法和优化设计方法所得的结果进行了比较,结果表明,对抗滑桩进行优化设计不仅能减轻工程设计人员的工作量,还可以在满足安全的条件下明显的降低工程费用,在滑坡治理工程中具有一定的实际意义。     

基于加权扰动共生生物搜索算法桩网复合地基优化设计

通过分析桩体未打入硬土层和桩体打入硬土层两种情况下桩网复合地基的受力变形特性和设计计算方法,建立了以桩径、桩长、桩帽边长和厚度、桩间距为设计变量,以地基承载力、沉降、加筋体抗拉、桩帽抗弯抗剪为约束条件,以工程造价为目标函数的桩网复合地基优化设计数学模型;通过引入加权扰动策略和减少寄生操作改进共生生物搜索(SOS)算法,提出了加权扰动共生生物搜索(PWSOS)算法;采用PWSOS算法求解桩网复合地基优化数学模型,得到基于PWSOS算法桩网复合地基优化设计方法。工程实例计算结果表明,改进得到的PWSOS算法具有更好的寻优性能和收敛速度,并得到了更优的桩网复合地基优化设计方案。     

桩箱（筏）基础刚度计算的改进及其应用

软土地区，桩箱（筏）基础是高层尤其是超高层建筑的首选基础型式。在桩箱（筏）基础刚度计算研究基础上，对桩箱（筏）基础优化设计进行探讨，力求将桩箱（筏）基础研究上升到优化设计的新高度。     

水泥搅拌桩处理大型油罐深厚软弱地基

用水泥搅拌桩处理50000m^3大型油罐深达27m的软弱地基，至今在国内尚属首次。为了确保该项目能顺利成功，进行了大量的试验研究、计算和监测工作。在分析软土特性、离心模型试验、水泥土优化配比试验、优化设计、制桩工艺、桩身质量检验、安全使用监测、施工管理等方面，取得了丰硕的成果，这方面经验可供类似的工程参考。     

滑坡锚拉抗滑桩的非线性优化设计

基于滑坡锚拉抗滑桩设计的变形协调计算法和非线性优化方法,利用Matlab优化工具箱中的单目标多变量非线性优化函数Fmincon,以工程造价为目标函数,建立了锚拉桩优化设计模型,实现了锚拉桩的主要设计参数优化,使锚拉桩成本最小。实际工程应用结果表明：和原方案相比,优化设计可以大幅度降低锚拉桩的直接投资,产生较大的经济效益。     

基于遗传算法的重力式挡土墙优化设计

将遗传算法应用于重力式挡土墙截面优化设计问题的求解,并在此基础上建立了重力式挡土墙截面优化的数学模型.采用二进制编码,通过执行遗传算法的选择、交叉和变异算子,实现对重力式挡土墙截面的优化设计.算例结果表明,该优化算法用于重力式挡土墙截面优化设计是有效可行的.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an