1991年大同—阳高5.8级地震震害评估

用抽样调查的方法,对大同SXDZ199103阳高1991年3月26日5.8级地震4～7度区的建筑物进行了调查。按倒塌、严重破坏、中等破坏、轻微破坏、基本完好,划分房屋的破坏程度,求出房屋的破坏比、户均房屋数、各烈度区总户数及总房间数。根据当地建筑材料的实际价格,工时费等确定了房屋的单价,又据国家地震局震害防御司颁布的震害评估细则,确定了建筑物破坏的损失比。利用破坏比、损失比、房屋单价、各烈度区房间总数对这次地震的经济损失进行了估算。     

2003年民乐-山丹地震民房破坏原因的探讨

2003年民乐-山丹6．1级地震是双震型地震,重复破坏增大了灾害程度,房屋的抗震性能低也是造成破坏程度大的原因。本对民用房屋的破坏特征和地震诱发民房破坏的原因进行了分析,针对破坏的原因提出了提高房屋抗震性能的建议。     

1991年5月唐山5.1,5.3级地震震害评估

用抽样调查与重点调查的方法,对唐山古冶西1991年5月29、30日5.1、5.3级地震5-7度区的建筑物进行了调查,按房屋建筑和构筑物的破坏程度,划分出严重破坏、中等破坏、轻微破坏、损坏和基本完好五个等级。利用调查统计得到的破坏率、损失比,建筑物现单价、各烈度区建筑物总数,估算了这次地震的经济损失。     

华北克拉通破坏

《华北克拉通破坏》重大研究计划,围绕克拉通破坏的时空范围、克拉通破坏的浅部效应和深部结构响应、克拉通破坏的动力学机制等核心科学问题,开展了系统与深入的探测、测试与研究.计划执行四年来的重要研究进展包括:(1)发现华北克拉通岩石圈厚度以及地壳-上地幔结构存在显著的空间差异,确定了华北克拉通破坏的时空范围;(2)厘定了华北克拉通古生代、中生代、新生代岩石圈的属性,发现了晚中生代华北克拉通岩石圈地幔富水而新生代岩石圈地幔贫水的特征;(3)根据岩浆作用和浅部地质响应的相关性,证实了地表地质构造受控于克拉通破坏的深部过程;(4)发现太平洋板块俯冲是华北克拉通破坏的主要动力因素的证据,揭示了华北克拉通破坏在板块构造体系中的科学意义.     

芦山7.O级地震中钢筋混凝土框架结构震害分析

2013年4月20日四川芦山7.0级地震给震区建筑结构造成了严重破坏.本文选择不同烈度区典型震害的钢筋混凝土框架结构,介绍了结构梁柱、填充墙、其他附属构件及地基等的破坏特点,分析了各类震害特征与破坏机理.结果显示,钢筋混凝土框架结构在本次地震中表现出了良好的抗震性能,除了极震区个别建筑框架柱发生了结构性破坏外,地震区绝大部分均为非结构性破坏,如填充墙及其他附属构件破坏,且大部分破坏不影响结构框架承重体系继续使用.最后针对该次地震中钢筋混凝土框架结构存在的主要问题,给出了一些钢筋混凝土框架结构设计与建设改进建议.     

塔裂与地震

汾、渭河流域是我国文化的发详地,作为历史见证的古亭堂楼阁、寺庙,砖塔、石碑等都客观地记载了历次大震对它们造成的破坏,成为历次大地震对建筑物破坏的可靠凭证。如襄汾县北梁村灵光寺砖塔(封面),此塔曾遭1695年临汾八级强震破坏,倒塌一半,后于1739年修复,至今已有二百四十五年之久。 《海城地震区寺塔调查记》[1]中提出地震主震断面走向与建筑物受破坏的方向有关,这是值得研究的问题,现举两例,提出个人看法,供讨论。     

城市地震灾害

本文通过１０年来全球遭受的城市地震破坏实例分析，认为引起城市严重破坏的主要原因是：直下型地震、地基破坏效应和生命线系统破坏。结合山西的情况，简要讨论了城市减灾对策。     

河北张北6.2级地震中农村房屋破坏特征分析

对１９９８年１月１０日河北张北６．２级地震灾区的房屋建筑类型进行了划分,概述了各类建筑物的平面布置、墙体、屋顶、承重结构和地基等情况,总结了各类房屋建筑的破坏特点,并对造成破坏严重的原因进行了分析     

云南地区地震的桥梁震害

收集了云南地区从１６２４～１９８８年遭受地震破坏的各类桥梁６７座的震害资料,并给出了桥梁的震害、建造年代、场地等情况及破坏程度的划分,根据云南地区地震对桥梁的破坏,石拱桥占的数量较多,钢筋混凝土桥较少。章主要对石拱桥及钢筋混凝土桥的构件震害表现进行分析探讨,认为在一般场地地质条件下,当受到不大于Ⅷ度地震的作用,桥梁受力构件基本不会产生明显破坏;而在场地不利情况下,Ⅵ、Ⅶ度地震都可能会遭受破坏。     

广西靖西Ms5.2级地震房屋破坏特征

近年来广西地震发生频率明显提高,陆续发生了3次5级以上中强地震,包括2016年苍梧5.4级地震、2019年北流5.2级地震和2019年靖西5.2级地震,这可能意味着广西地区进入了地震活跃期。2019年靖西5.2级地震造成较重的房屋建筑物破坏,是分析广西房屋震害很好的样本。本文对各烈度区内不同结构类型房屋的震害现象进行了整理和统计,分析了不同结构类型房屋的震害特征与震害原因。结果显示:简易房屋除年久失修的之外基本完好;砌体结构房屋因结构不规则,缺乏抗震构造措施等,破坏较重,且破坏形式多样;框架结构房屋主体完好但填充墙会出现破坏。     

预破裂中声波信号参数特性

通过对岩石样品进行变形及破坏试验，研究断裂形成过程中的声发射记录（ＡＥ），以找到能解释地震前兆现象的方法．另外，对试验过程中获得的大量数据及资料进行了数理统计处理．     

汶川8级强震极震区破坏情况与烈度

展现了汶川8级强震现场考察的极震区破坏情况,以及依据《中国地震烈度表》判断所达到的地震烈度,简要讨论了发震断层的类型和地震破坏特点     

Ancient destructive earthquakes in Chersonesus Taurica and their importance for a long-term seismic hazard assessment of the Southwestern Crimea region

Continuing the author’s earlier works, the signs of ancient destructive earthquakes in the southwest Crimea have been collected and analyzed. These signs are considered using archeoseismological method based on the data of multiannual archeological excavations at Chersonesus Taurica and agricultural hinterland around it (chora) separately on each period of total destruction, reconstruction and new construction, and on structures of different purposes and degrees of earthquake-resistance (defensive structures, large civil buildings, dwellings, fortified estates, necropolises, and burials). Indirect signs are also involved. Both direct and indirect signs unambiguously contribute to form the general scenarios of considerable destruction in the polis and its chora, with the disturbance of entire socioeconomic life, which occurred in 340(±20) and 105(±5) BC as a result of strong earthquakes with I = VIII–IX (on MSK-64 scale). Based on the results of earlier works on destructive earthquakes of a later historical period in mind, the seismic potential of the Sevastopol source zone has been estimated.     

Flow Dynamics in the Rybinsk Headwork Tailrace and Its Environmental Assessment

The role of wave processes and turbulence in impurity transport, flow interaction with bottom sediments, and the formation and destruction of ice cover was determined on the basis of analysis of field measurement data on flow velocities and water levels in the Rybinsk Headwork tailrace in the presence and absence of water releases in summer and winter.__________Translated from Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 3, 2005, pp. 274–281.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Debolskii, Dolgopolova, Eshchenko, Kotlyakov, Mordasov, Konov, Koreneva.     

2016年12月8日新疆呼图壁MS6.2地震震害调查分析

2016年12月8日,新疆呼图壁县发生6.2级地震,造成3人轻伤。地震灾区主要涉及昌吉回族自治州昌吉市、呼图壁县、玛纳斯县等市、县的共25个乡、镇（团场）及呼图壁县城、玛纳斯县城等城市的部分区域,灾区面积12450km2。本文在概述震区地震构造环境及地貌特点的基础上,依据《地震现场工作（第4部分）:灾害直接损失评估》等规范,介绍了各结构类型房屋和生命线系统的破坏情况及震区地震地质灾害的类型,分析表明此次地震直接经济损失以土木结构和砖木结构的破坏为主,安居富民工程在地震中起到了关键的减灾作用。     

Distribution characteristics and petroleum geological significance of the Silurian asphaltic sandstones in Tarim Basin

The Tarim Basin is a typical superimposed basin in which there have occurred multiphase adjustment and destruction of the reservoirs. The widely distributed asphaltic sandstones of the Silurian are the very product after destruction of the reservoirs. Studies show that the Silurian asphaltic sandstones distributed in both the middle and western parts on the basin are controlled chiefly by the Caledonian oil source area and by the Tazhong, Tabei and Bachu uplifts, whereas the distribution of the asphaltic sandstones on local structural belts is controlled by the reservoir's sedimentary system. Vertically, most of the asphaltic sandstones are under the regional caprock of red mudstones and the upper sandstone section of compact lithology. Due to the difference of hydrocarbon destruction in the early stage and the influence of hydrocarbon recharge in the late stage, the asphaltic sandstones and oil-bearing sandstones in the Tazhong area can be vertically divided into the upper and lower sections and they have an interactive distribution relationship as well. Asphaltic sandstones exist not only in intergranular pores but also inside the grains of sand and between the crevices, proving the destruction of early reservoirs due to uplifting. The existence of asphaltic sandstones over a large area reveals that the large-scale migration and accumulation and the subsequent destruction of hydrocarbons in the Craton area. The destruction caused a loss of the reserve resources of the Palaeozoic amounting to nearly 13.3 billion tons. Asphaltic sandstones formed after the destruction of oil and gas may serve as an effective caprock which is beneficial to accumulation of hydrocarbons and formation of the pool sealed by asphaltic sandstones in the later stage. The destruction of the early Silurian hydrocarbons depends on the stratigraphic burial depth. The deep part under the northern slope of Tazhong is an area favorable to search of undestroyed Silurian oil reservoirs.     

Damage Investigation of the Hutubi MS6.2 Earthquake on December 8, 2016

The Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake occurred on December 8, 2016, in Hutubi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, causing three people injured. The earthquake effected areas mainly included 25 townships and towns, plus Hutubi County and Manas County in Changji, Hutubi and Manas. The total effected area is 12,450km². In this paper, we summarize the seismo-tectonic background and geomorphic features of the earthquake zone. Under the guidance of the standard "The Earthquake Site Works-Parts 4:Assessment of Direct Loss", the damage to buildings and lifeline systems with various structural types are introduced, and we ultimately estimate the direct economic losses to mud-wood houses and the destruction of brick-wood houses. Our results indicate that "The Urban and Rural Seismic Safe Housing Project" played a key role in reducing this earthquake disaster.     

Seismogenic deformations in the walls of the late medieval Yeni-Kale fortress in Eastern Crimea

The results of a macroseismic study of the late medieval Turkish Yeni-Kale fortress in Eastern Crimea are described. Despite the fact that the fortress’ structures were considerably affected by local landslide activity, military operations during the Crimean War, the Civil War, and the WWII, as well as by anthropogenic factors, such as railroads, etc., numerous specific deformations in the fortress walls suggest that the existing destruction and damage might be explained by strong seismic impacts. The local intensity of seismic oscillations could be I = (VIII)–IX points according to the MSK-64 macroseismic scale, and the direction of the combined maximum seismic impact could have a NW–SE strike. It is likely that the Turks abandoned the fortress without a battle because of its significant seismic damage and destruction in the 18th century, which had not yet been repaired by the time the Russian army arrived.     

Visualization of gold nanoparticle on the microscopic picture of red blood cell: implication for possible risk of nanoparticle exposure

In medicine, there is limited knowledge on the toxicity of nanoparticles. In reproductive medicine, there has been limited knowledge on the effect of gold nanoparticle on the human red blood cell. In this work, the author performed a study to demonstrate if gold nanoparticle can be detected inside red blood cell on microscopic test. Chulalongkorn Univesity, Bangkok Thailand. This study was performed as an experimental study. Mixture of gold nanoparticle solution and blood sample was prepared and further analyzed. According to this work, accumulation of gold nanoparticle in the red blood cell can be observed after mixing the blood sample with gold nanoparticle solution. However, no significant destruction of the red cell can be seen. The effect of gold nanoparticle on red blood cell can be detected and the implication for the possible chronic toxicity of the accumulated gold nanoparticle in red cell is raised.