A PATH-DEPENDENT MODEL OF INVESTMENT AND EMPLOYMENT FLOW IN A LARGE ECONOMY IN A PROCESS OF INTEGRATION

This paper meant to analyze the spatial evolution of a large country in its process of integration with the world economy in general, and, to look into the possible effect of China‘s accession into WTO on the future development of its spatial economy in particular. Through an approach of increasing returns, external economy, product differentiation and path-dependence, with foreign trade costs incurred by different regions within the large country discriminated, a model of investment and employment flow is developed as a simulation of a large country‘s process of integration with the world economy. The modeling indicates that in the process of integration, as there exist differences in foreign trade costs among different regions within the large country, either the spatial economy of the country deviates from its symmetric structure in autarky and falls into a core-periphery relationship, or the effect of industrial agglomeration is reinforced, amplified and locked in, if the agglomeration had been started. The economic gap on either the aggregate or structural basis between different regions within the large country will increase rapidly as the integration proceeds.     

ON THE NONLINEAR WAVES IN A DEVELOPING PROCESS——PARTⅡ.INSTABILITY ANALYSIS

Based on the discrete form of the main governing equation derived, a single wave as the main motion of the instability analysis was found. This solution gives the whole process from the initial stage to the nonlinear equilibrium state.Next we examined the instability of the main motion above-mentioned in the initial stage and showed the instability properties of a developing process.     

A METHOD TO ESTIMATE PALEOTEMPERATURE FROM ENVIRONMENTAL PROXIES IN LAKE SEDIMENTSDISSOLVED AND PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON IN YANTAI SISHILI BAY AQUICULTURE WATERS——A STUDY ON ZOIGE BASIN IN EASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU,CHINA

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｐｒｏｘｙｏｆｓｔａｂｌｅｏｘｙｇｅｎｉｓｏｔｏｐｅｉｎｌａｋｅｃａｒｂｏｎａｔｅｉｓｉｄｅａｌｆｏｒｔｈｅｒｅｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｐａｓｔｃｌｉ ｍａｔｅ (Ｇａｓｓｅｅｔａｌ.,1 991 ;Ｗｕ ,1 996;Ｚｈａｎｇｅｔａｌ.,1 994 ) .Ａｓｉｄｅｆｒｏｍｂｅｉｎｇｉｍｐａｃｔｅｄｂｙｌａｋｅ ｗａｔｅｒｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ ,ｔｈｅｖａｌｕｅｏｆδ18Ｏｉｎｌａｋｅｃａｒｂｏｎａｔｅｉｓａｌｓｏｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｅｄｂｙｔｈａｔｏｆａｍｂｉｅｎｔｌａｋｅｗａ ｔｅｒ.Ｈｉｇｈ…     

A STRATEGY FOR STUDYING SHELF CIRCULATION IN CHINA SEAS——INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF SHELF CIRCULATION

Circulation in China Seas has been investigated by Chinese oceanographers in some detail for many years. However, owing to data being sparse and scarce, studies were basically concerned in interseasonal (mainly summer and winter) fluctuations and almost none was in the interannual variability of the circulation in China Seas.It is pointed out that the routine (monthly or bimonthly) hydrographical section data on the continental shelf of China Seas accumulated since 1975, can be used to examine the interannual variability of the shelf circulation. An example is given to show there is interannual variability of shelf circulation in the East China Sea. And what is more, a hypothesis is proposed to describe where the interannual variability comes from and to explain why it is strongly correlated with El Nino events.It is strongly suggested that the interannual variability of the shelf circulation in China Seas be studied, as a strategy, with the routine hydrographical survey, which should be seriously conti     

PUSH-PULL FACTORS IN MOUNTAIN RESORTS——A Case Study of Huangshan Mountain as World Heritage

The push-pull framework provides a useful approach for examining the tourist motivation. This paper takes the world heritage--Huangshan Mountain as a sample. From the two different aspects of pull and push factors, the underlying features of visitors‘ motives to Huangshan Mountain are analyzed with the help of factor analysis. As a result,five push factors and four pull factors are identified. Further analyses investigate differences in the push and pull factors among different socio-demographic subgroups with one-way ANOVA analysis. The result of the study affords us useful references for development, protection and marketing expansion of mountain resorts.     

TURBULENT DIFFUSION IN A SHEARING OSCILLATORY FLOW

The diffusion in a shearing oscillatory flow from an instantaneous surface point source is considered. An analytical solution is obtained by Fourier transform. The results show thai, for three dimensional diffusion in an oscillatory flow with constant shear, the distribution of the contaminant follows the multivariate Gaussian distribution rule. When the frequency is very high, or the time very short, the shear does not influence the diffusion. For moderate values of time, there are fluctuations with longitudinal variance. For large values of time the longitudinal variance increases as t, and the peak concentration decreases as t-1.5, which are faster than those in a flow without shear, but much slower than those in a steady flow, where the longitudinal variance increases as t3 and the peak concentration decreases as t-2.5. The contaminant patch is elongated in the longitudinal direction of the shear flow and moves back and forth with the water motion.     

SEASONAL HEAT BUDGET IN THE TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN IN A GLOBAL GCM Ⅱ. IN FIVE SUBREGIONS

The general features of the seasonal suuface heat budget in the tropical western Pacific Ocean,20°S-20°N, western boundary-160°E, were documented by Qu (1995) using a high-resolution generalcirculation model (GCM, Semtner & Chervin,1992) ard existing observations.Close inspection of thesmaller areas, with the whole region further partitioned into six parts, showed different mechanisms balancethe seasonal surface heat budget in different parts of the region The results of study on five subregionsare detailed in this article. In the equatorial (3°S - 3°N) aed North Equatorial Countercurrent(3°N-9°N) region, the surface the flux the does not change significantly throughout the year, so the surface heat content is determined largely by vertical motion near the equator and roughly helf due to horizontal and halfdue to vertical circulation in the region of the North Equatorial Countercurrent(NECC). In the othersubregions (9°N-20°N, 20°S -11°S aed 11°S -3°S ), however, in addition to ocean dynamics     

IDENTIFICATION OF CYTOKININ IN A GREEN ALGAE EXTRACT

Isopentnyladenosine(i~6Ado) was identified, and trans-zeatin (trans-Z) and trans-zeatin riboside(trans-ZR) were detected by high pressure liquld chrmoatoguphy (HPLC) but not verified withchromatography - mass spectrometry (GC - M S ) analysis of cytokinin from the extracts of green algae (Ulvapertusa (Kjellm), Enteromopha compressa and Monostma sp). This indicated that the green algae mixturecontained cytokinin -like substances.     

A STUDY ON COMMERCIAL ECONOMIC REGIONALIZATION IN CHINA

Commercial economic region (CER), or commercial geographical region, is the result of socialized production and development of commodity economy, characterized by system holisty, regional independence, interregional openness and relative steadiness. Commercial economic regionalization provides a scientific basis for organizing and building a commodity circulation network system with all directions, multifunction and openness, rational planning the direction of commodity flow. The principles of commercial economic regionalization are as follows: The principle taking a city business center as the core; the optimization principle of integrated function; the difference principle of physical geographical environment; the uniformity principle of human geographical environment; and the order principle of dissipative structure. According to the above-mentioned principles, China's CER can be divided into 4 1evels.     

A NEW SPECIFIC NAME IN THE GENUS GRACILARIA

The red alga Gracilaria heteroclada was established by the authors (Zhang Junfu and Xia Bangmei, 1988). The specific name is, however, illegitimatized by the earlier homonym Gracilaria heteroclada (Montagne) (J. et G. Feldmann,1943). In 1989, Fredeficq and Hommersand restored the genus Gracilariopsis with its type species, G. lemaneiformis, thus excluding it (Gracilaria heteroclada Zhang et Xia) from the genus Gracilaria. It was transferred to Gracilariopsis as     

A STUDY ON LAND SYSTEM INNOVATIONS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL TOWNS IN CHINA

The economic development in China and the rising of the living standard need to speed up the urbanisa-tion.The development of small towns is an important way to Chinese urbanization.Land use plays a very important role in the development of small towns.However there are many problems in the development of small towns,esp.in land use.The paper first discusses the land problems in the development of small towns.Such as much cultivated land lies idle,under-utilization and waste of land,increasing illegal use of land,unstable contractural relationship for land use.The relationship between the development of small towns and land use is also studied.Then the guidelines for the land system innovations of small towns are put forward.Namely the sustainability of social and economic development,the bal-ance between land reservation and land utilization,the provision of service to village ,agriculture and farmer,the manage-ment of land resource and land assets,the parsimonious andlegal use of land.The basic framework of land system innova-tions of small towns is put forward finally.It include the land replacement policy for small towns and the permanent tenan-cy of farmland,the overall plan for land uses and other plans in harmony,the establishment of a flexible system of land supplies,using land with payments ,the transfer of agricultural land and refining the land law related to the construction of small towns.     

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND SCENARIOS OF URBANIZATION IN ARID AREA——A Case Study in Wuwei City of Gansu Province

1IN T R O D U C T IO N The western China isfacinggrowing problems of eco- logicaland economic development. The disparitiebse- tween the socio-economy of the western and eastern China were enlarging, and the major ecologicalprob- lems stilelvolve as past(H…     

A HISTORICAL EXAMINATION ON LAND DESERTIFICATION IN NORTH CHINA

1 INTRODUCTIONAccording to historical records, there has existed the large-area desert in the northwest of China for a long time, which formed in the geologic age and historical periods, and continuously evolved because of climate changes and human activities. Although a certain amount of achievement has been obtained since the 1950s, land desertification went on expanding quickly. For desertification by wind erosion, the average expansion speed was 1560km2 per year from the late 1950s …     

A STUDY ON MARSH EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE SANJIANG PLAIN

Ａ ＳＴＵＤＹ ＯＮ ＭＡＲＳＨ ＥＶＡＰＯＴＲＡＮＳＰＩＲＡＴＩＯＮ ＩＮ ＴＨＥ ＳＡＮＪＩＡＮＧ ＰＬＡＩＮＣｈｅｎＧａｎｇｑｉ（陈刚起）；ＬｕＸｉｎｎｇｕｏ（吕宪国）（ＣｈａｎｇｃｈｕｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ｔｈｅＣｈｉｎ...     

A FRACTAL STUDY ON URBAN SYSTEM IN NORTHEAST CHINA

ＡＦＲＡＣＴＡＬＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＵＲＢＡＮＳＹＳＴＥＭＩＮＮＯＲＴＨＥＡＳＴＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＬｉｕＪｉｓｈｅｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＮｏｒｔｈｅａｓｔＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｃｈａｎｇｃｈｕｎ１３００２４，ＰＲＣ）（Ｍａ...     

STUDY ON THE PHYTOPLANKTON.IN A LARGE RESERVOIR

A comprehensive study on the community structure and function of the phytoplankton in Taipinghu Reservoir, the largest reservoir (9400 ha) in Anhui Province, China, was carried out dur ing 1985- 1986. A total of 175 species of algae belonging to 8 phyla and 87 genera was noted. The composition of phytoplankton was dominated by species of Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta. The species number, cell density and biomass of the three groups were respectively 88%, 86.5% and 78.9% of the total phytopiankton. The weighted annual average biomass was 1.52 mg/L and cell density was 1.43 x 106 ind/L. The growth maximum was observed in summer. Diatoms were abundant in the region adjoining a river. A large number of flagellated algae such as Euglena and Chromulina occurred in the artificial fish culture bay.It can be inferred from the algal composition and total nitrogen concentration (1.48mg/L) that this reservoir is a mesotrophic water body that had undergone slight natural eutrophication.Presented are an     

A THOUGHT ON THE ROLE OF WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN CIRCULATION IN CLIMATE CHANGE IN SOUTHEAST CHINA

Regarding climate change in China, ordinary people, even meteorologists, would think the cold waves from Siberia dominate winter temperature in southeast China. As oceanographers, however, we must know the role of ocean circulation in climate change. This text briefly discusses how important is the role of the Western Pacific Ocean circulation in climate change in southeast China on the basis of CTD data gathered by the R/V Science 1 in the western Pacific in September and October, 1986 and 1987 respectively , and statistical air temperature data in southeast China.     

EVALUATION OF GEOCHEMICAL QUALITY CONTROL IN DETERMINATION OF Mn IN SOILS USING A SEQUENTIAL CHEMICAL EXTRACTION

Sequential chemical extraction procedure has been widely used to partition particulate trace metals into vari-ous fractions and to describe the distribution and the statue of trace metals in geo-environment.One sequential chemical extraction procedure was employed here to partition various fractions of Mn in soils.The experiment was designed with quality controlling concept in order to show sampling and analytical error.Experimental results obtained on duplicate analy-sis of all soil samples demonstrated that the precision was less than 10%(at 95% confidence level).The accuracy was estimated by comparing the accepted total concentration of Mn in standard reference materials (SRMs) with the measured sum of the individual fractions.The recovery of Mn from SRM1 and SRM2 was 94.1% and 98.4%,respectively.The detection limit,accuracy and precision of the sequential chemical extraction procedure were discussed in detailed.All the results suggest that the trueness of the analytical method is satisfactory.     

AVERAGED SOUND INTENSITY IN SHALLOW WATER HAVING A NEGATIVE LEAP-LAYER AND A CONSTANT DEPTH

The leap-layer is assumed to consist of two isovelocity water layers. The expressions of the law on the decay of the averaged sound intensity with range are derived when the source and receiver are laid in the same isovelocity water layer or in two diffrent isovelocity water layers respectively. The results show that there is apparent depth constitution in the sound field in the leap-layer. The theoretical results agree quite well with the practical data.     

A LOCATIONAL COMPARATIVE STUDY ON HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIAL ZONES IN CHINA

ＡＬＯＣＡＴＩＯＮＡＬＣＯＭＰＡＲＡＴＩＶＥＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＨＩＧＨ－ＴＥＣＨＩＮＤＵＳＴＲＩＡＬＺＯＮＥＳＩＮＣＨＩＮＡＷｅｉＸｉｎｚｈｅｎ魏心镇；ＳｈｉＹｏｎｇｈｕｉ史永辉（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ．ＰｅｋｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔ...