山西水位观测井对远场大震记震能力及震时应力变化量分析

以2007年以来山西水网水位记录到的全球7.0级以上地震的同震响应为基础,结合山西井点的水文地质与构造环境特征,分析井水位对7.0级以上地震的记震能力及同震响应特征。根据4次典型远场大震震时的井水位变化量分析其受力状态,结果表明,山西省内漫水井与孝义井震时应力响应较为敏感,且响应与不同水文地质条件及含水层特征有关。     

河北何家庄流体观测井水文地球化学特征分析

应力、应变或地震活动会打破地壳中流体原有的水-岩平衡状态,引起地下流体化学组分和同位素的变化。根据河北何家庄流体观测井氢氧同位素和离子化学组分测试结果,分析了该井的地球化学特征及与构造活动的关系。由氢氧同位素结果及高程效应,判定井水来源主要为大气降水,大气降水沿断裂裂隙渗入,深循环后温度增加,经溶滤作用等形成热水;按照舒卡列夫分类法,何家庄井水为Cl-Na.Ca型。受2015年9月14日昌黎M4.2地震的影响,区域应力变化使井孔断裂岩石裂隙增大,深部热水上涌,引起何家庄井水离子组分和氢氧同位素组成等发生变化。研究结果表明,对何家庄井流体地球化学特征进行分析,可以为井孔附近断裂构造活动和地震前兆异常分析提供地球化学依据。     

腾冲地震台井水位受环境影响实验分析

腾冲地震台井水位常年多次出现大幅快速升降异常变化,考虑周边环境因素,通过对闫家塘放水、蓄水过程中腾冲地震台井水位变化进行跟踪监测,并结合观测井井水与闫家塘水水化学组分、氢氧稳定同位素等特征进行分析。结果表明:腾冲地震台井水位大幅快速升降变化主要受闫家塘放水、蓄水影响。对腾冲地震台井水位在近震前出现的高水位异常与地震的相关性分析,认为过量降雨的加载对该地区构造活动具有调制作用,该井水位变化能够提供一定的地震前兆异常信息,对台站附近地区的地下构造活动有一定的反映能力。     

川—08井井孔剖析

川—08井是四川地下水动态观测网中第一口投入观测的井。观测静水位和天然气。该井位于龙泉山地震带上,对监视北东向构造带及有关的构造带上地震活动起到较好的作用,对甘孜6.0级、剑川5.4级、理塘5.6级、盐源5.0级、5.2级、施甸5.0级,宁蒗5.6级,礼县5.级、会东5.2级地震均有较好的对应关系,有的还作了比较准确的预报。在清理攻关的基础上,进一步对该井对应地震的能力进行全面分析研究,认为该井是反映区域应力应变能力较强的一口石油深井,是西南地区敏感的应力窗口。     

开发地震构造建模技术的研究方法

某油田已注水开发40年,高井网密度条件下仍对某些微构造、断层认识不足。运用三维地震解释资料与开发井资料解释两项技术结合,优势互补,相互验证,形成了一套开发地震可视化构造建模技术,应用该项技术显著提高了断层的首尾部延伸、复杂断裂带断层的组合关系、无井断点控制的小断层识别精度,对油田特高含水期提高钻井成功率、油田精细调整挖潜具有重要意义。     

对J_（1－1）与D_（22）井在2次大同－阳高地震前差异异常的分析

叙述了大同市镇川堡处于口泉大断裂上的２口相距２ｍ的一组观测井在大同－阳高２次中强地震前的不同异常表现形态，探讨了产生异常差异的原因，指出这些差异似与观测井所处构造部位、地震类型、震源深度、观测条件等有关。     

1949年新疆库车7.4/级地震的地震构造条件

前人研究认为 ,库车 194 9年 7 级地震主要与天山南麓活动构造带的NEE向秋立塔格断裂有关。最近笔者根据深地震地壳测深、石油地质及活断裂等研究的新成果 ,对这次地震的构造条件进行了较深入的分析。塔里木陆块向天山俯冲 ,天山上地壳被挤压块断隆升并侧向推覆扩展 ,于天山南缘形成库车盆地及由秋立塔格等一系列逆断裂组成的逆断 -褶皱系 ,这是发育于沉积盖层的薄皮构造。NE向库车 -依西 1井断裂是库车盆地构造中重要的传递断裂 ,位于NE向的乌鲁木齐 -库车 -柯坪构造带中。有关 7 级地震的地震学研究结果与秋立塔格断裂完全不符 ,而与库车 -依西 1井断裂基本一致     

1949年新疆库车7.4/级地震的地震构造条件

前人研究认为 ,库车 194 9年 7 级地震主要与天山南麓活动构造带的NEE向秋立塔格断裂有关。最近笔者根据深地震地壳测深、石油地质及活断裂等研究的新成果 ,对这次地震的构造条件进行了较深入的分析。塔里木陆块向天山俯冲 ,天山上地壳被挤压块断隆升并侧向推覆扩展 ,于天山南缘形成库车盆地及由秋立塔格等一系列逆断裂组成的逆断 -褶皱系 ,这是发育于沉积盖层的薄皮构造。NE向库车 -依西 1井断裂是库车盆地构造中重要的传递断裂 ,位于NE向的乌鲁木齐 -库车 -柯坪构造带中。有关 7 级地震的地震学研究结果与秋立塔格断裂完全不符 ,而与库车 -依西 1井断裂基本一致     

哈萨克斯坦斋桑7.3级地震前后的地下流体动力学效应

分析了斋桑地震前后天山地震带不同观测井的地下流体动力学及水文地球化学地震前兆和后效的异常变化特征。认为:地震流体效应具有不可逆性,不同构造带,远距离的异常变化可能与地壳区域块体构造运动有关,强震后效敏感带反映了区域应力场的加强过程,亦可发展成为新的潜在震源区。     

江西九江2号井地震水文地球化学特征及成因

对江西省九江地震台2号观测井井水、大气降水、马尾水泉水及天花井水库水的常量化学组分、氢氧同位素及氚活度数据进行分析,讨论九江台地下水的水化学类型、成因及补给循环过程,揭示九江地震台2号井对构造活动响应灵敏的地球化学特征。研究发现九江台2号井水水化学类型为HCO₃-Ca·Mg型;氢氧同位素指示九江台2号井水属于大气降水成因型,补给高程为647 m;氚活度分析给出的地下水年龄显示九江台2号井既有老水补给又有近10年的新水补给。分析结果表明,九江台2号井既有浅表水特征又有深循环水的特征,暗示两个不同补给源的含水层通过不同循环路径上升至浅表,而深部含水层可能携带部分深部构造活动的氡,并在瑞昌—阳新M_S4.6地震前出现较显著的异常信息。     

改进曲率模态识别桥梁损伤位置方法研究

结构健康监测和结构状态评估的主要前提之一是结构损伤识别。基于曲率模态对结构局部损伤比较敏感和频率指标测试简单方便、精度高的特点,本文提出了一种以结构的曲率模态为基础,综合考虑频率的变化的改进的结构损伤识别方法。随机子空间方法是一种行之有效的基于环境激励的结构状态识别方法。该方法的主要优点是无需人工激励,不中断桥梁的运营。为此,论文提出了一种不中断桥梁运营的基于改进曲率模态的桥梁结构损伤识别方法。最后用一三跨连续梁的有限元模型对该改进方法进行了验证。结果表明,采用随机子空间结合改进的曲率模态方法可以在不中断桥梁运营的前提下有效地识别出桥梁的损伤状况。     

室内管道系统抗震研究综述

根据最新震害统计资料发现,非结构构件在地震中造成的经济损失远大于结构构件。非结构构件按照地震反应特征可分为位移敏感型构件和加速度敏感型构件。其中,位移敏感型构件的破坏多受层间位移角控制,主要采用拟静力试验进行研究;加速度敏感型构件的破坏多受楼面加速度的控制,主要采用振动台试验进行研究。室内管道系统是非结构构件的重要组成部分,室内管道系统中的立管和水平管分别属于位移敏感型和加速度敏感型构件。本文系统地论述了近年来国内外学者开展的关于室内管道系统的抗震研究工作,并对室内管道系统下一步的研究工作提出了建议。     

Design and application of structural health monitoring system in long-span cable-membrane structure

Cable-membrane structures have small rigidity and are highly sensitive to wind. Structural health monitoring is necessary to ensure the serviceability and safety of the structure. In this research, the design method of a structural health monitoring system is using the characteristics of a cable-membrane structure. Taking the Yueyang Sanhe Airport Terminal as an example, a finite element model is established to determine the critical structural components. Next, the engineering requirements and the framework of the monitoring system are studied based on the results of numerical analysis. The specific implementation of the structural health monitoring is then carried out, which includes sensor selection, installation and wiring. The proposed framework is successfully applied to the monitoring system for the Yueyang Airport terminal building, and the synchronous acquisition of fiber Bragg grating and acceleration sensor signals is implemented in an innovative way. The successful implementation and operation of structural health monitoring will help to guarantee the safety of the cablemembrane structure during its service life.     

Structural Setting of the Northeastern Biga Peninsula (Turkey) from Tilt Derivatives of Gravity Gradient Tensors and Magnitude of Horizontal Gravity Components

The tilt derivatives (or angles) are determined using the gravity gradient tensors (GGT) from two horizontal components (Gx, Gy) and vertical component (Gz), and the magnitude of the horizontal components (MHC). We show that the tilt derivatives from GGT and MHC are highly suitable for mapping linear geological structures or edges of target geology. The results obtained from theoretical data, with and without random noise, have been analyzed in this study. The tilt derivatives from GGT and MHC allow imaging the horizontal boundaries of gravity sources with a high resolution and show an improvement performance as edge detectors since they are ultra sensitive for detecting source boundaries. The tilt derivatives from GGT and MHC over the northeast of the Biga Peninsula in northwestern, Turkey are interpreted to image the edges of geological structures. Tilt derivatives provide a quick method which works well to obtain a detailed structural image of the complex area, with the most precision. The results indicate that the most predominant structural trends are in a NE-SW direction. Therefore, a good correspondence is recognized between structures well known by surface geology and many other lineaments which are unknown or only partially known.     

A brief theory and computing of seismic ground rotations for structural analyses

The seismic ground rotations are important with respect to spatial structural models, which are sensitive to the wave propagation. The rotational ground motion can lead to significant increasing of structural response, instability and unusual damages of buildings. Currently, the seismic analyses often take into account the rocking and torsion motions separately using artificial accelerograms. We present an exact analytical method, proposed by Nazarov [15] for computing of three rotational accelerograms simultaneously from given translational records. The method is based on spectral representation in the form of Fourier amplitude spectra of seismic waves, corresponding to the given three-component translational accelerogram. The composition, directions and properties of seismic waves are previously determined in the form of a generalized wave model of ground motion. It is supposed that seismic ground motion can be composed by superposition of P, SV, SH- and surface waves. As an example, the dynamic response analysis of 25-story building is presented. Here recorded (low-frequency) and artificial (high-frequency) accelerograms were used; each of them includes three translational and three rotational components. In this structural analysis, we have clarified primarily conditions under which rotational ground motion should be taken into account. Next, we have calculated three rotational components of seismic ground motion. Then they were taken as additional seismic loads components for further seismic analysis of the building. Note, soil–structure interaction (SSI) is not considered in this study. For computing, we use the special software for structural analyses and accelerogram processing (FEA Software STARK ES and Odyssey software, Eurosoft Co., Russia). It was developed and is used in engineering practice in the Central Research Institute of Building Constructions (TsNIISK, Moscow, Russia).     

Hybrid isolation systems for equipment protection

This paper presents a formulation for earthquake resistant design of optimum hybrid isolation systems for sensitive equipment protection. The hybrid system under consideration consists of laminated rubber bearings, viscodampers and a set of actuators which, grounded on the main structural system, deliver forces on the basement of the isolated substructure mounted on the main structural system. An integrated design procedure for the passive and active components of the isolation system is developed aiming at acceleration reduction under random excitation. Linear models are used for the isolated structure, the main structural system and the isolation system. Fractional derivative Maxwell elements are used to model the mechanical behaviour of the viscodampers. The active component of the isolation system applies forces proportional to the absolute velocity of the isolated piece of equipment. Constraints in the deformation capacity of the isolators as well as constraints in the capacity of the actuators are considered for the design of an optimal hybrid isolation system. Simple numerical examples are developed herein to illustrate the design procedure. The superiority of hybrid systems over passive systems in reducing acceleration response is demonstrated.     

中、小地震前水化学异常的分析

文章分析了广东省及其邻近地区几次中、小地震前水化学异常变化的特征,讨论了它与国内大震前水化学异常变化的差异及其原因,并指出了水化学灵敏震兆组分的存在。     

Structural health monitoring of long-span suspension bridges using wavelet packet analysis

During the service life of civil engineering structures such as long-span bridges, local damage at key positions may continually accumulate, and may finally result in their sudden failure. One core issue of global vibration-based health monitoring methods is to seek some damage indices that are sensitive to structural damage. This paper proposes an online structural health monitoring method for long-span suspension bridges using wavelet packet transform (WPT). The WPT- based method is based on the energy variations of structural ambient vibration responses decomposed using wavelet packet analysis. The main feature of this method is that the proposed wavelet packet energy spectrum (WPES) has the ability to detect structural damage from ambient vibration tests of a long-span suspension bridge. As an example application, the WPES-based health monitoring system is used on the Runyang Suspension Bridge under daily environmental conditions. The analysis reveals that changes in environmental temperature have a long-term influence on the WPES, while the effect of traffic loadings on the measured WPES of the bridge presents instantaneous changes because of the nonstationary properties of the loadings. The condition indication indices VD reflect the influences of environmental temperature on the dynamic properties of the Runyang Suspension Bridge. The field tests demonstrate that the proposed WPES-based condition indication index VD is a good candidate index for health monitoring of long-span suspension bridges under ambient excitations.     

不规则性对基础隔震结构抗连续倒塌性能影响研究

为研究基础隔震结构抗连续倒塌性能,以备用荷载路径法为基础,采用静力非线性Pushdown方法和静力线性方法对一栋典型的收进式竖向不规则钢筋混凝土基础隔震结构进行分析,从备用荷载路径的抗连续倒塌机制和需求能力比两个角度研究竖向不规则钢筋混凝土基础隔震结构的抗连续倒塌性能,为基础隔震结构抗连续倒塌设计提供参考;为进一步研究结构布置形式不规则性以及裙楼和塔楼层数变化对竖向不规则基础隔震抗连续倒塌性能的影响,分别建立塔楼布置不同、裙楼与塔楼层数变化的模型进行对比研究。研究表明:除角柱失效工况自身无法产生悬链线机制外,其余底层框架柱失效工况中备用荷载路径在整个推覆倒塌过程中均表现出明显的悬链线机制;当隔震支座失效时,由于隔震层水平刚度小,相邻支座无法提供足够的侧向约束作用而难以形成明显的悬链线机制;增加结构冗余度和备用荷载路径中参与荷载传递的构件数量可以有效提高剩余结构抗连续倒塌能力;除角柱和角支座外,隔震支座失效工况DCR值普遍大于对应位置底层框架柱失效工况,备用荷载路径中某些构件的失效风险相对较大。