准噶尔盆地西南缘四棵树地区西山窑组孢粉组合及古气候意义

四棵树凹陷位于准噶尔盆地南缘西段乌苏市境内,蕴含丰富的油气和煤炭资源.由于匮乏化石证据,制约四棵树凹陷侏罗纪地层的地质时代的确定.对西山窑组沉积环境和孢粉分析研究,恢复重建了其古环境,探讨了本区中西山窑时期的植被演替及环境演变.西山窑组岩性以泥质细砂岩、浅灰绿色泥岩、粉砂岩、泥岩为主.通过对孢粉化石分析研究,建立了Cy...     

Climate characteristics of the eastern Mongolian Plateau,China during the early Early Cretaceous (145–132 Ma): Palynological evidence from the Tongbomiao Formation in Well Hong-6, Hailar Basin

This study identified two palynological assemblages, namely Bayanhuasporites-Cycadopites-Protoconiferus and Cicatricosisporites-Cedripites-Perinopollenites, in the Tongbomiao Formation in the Hongqi Sag in the Hailar Basin, Inner Mongolia, China for the first time. The former is distributed in the lower part of the Tongbomiao Formation and is characterized by abundant gymnosperm pollen and diverse fern spores. Among them, the gymnosperm pollen is dominated by Paleoconifer (4.98%–31.62%) and Cycadopite (8.55%–25.23%) pollen grains and also includes other pollen grains such as Classopollis, Parcisporites, Erlianpollis, Callialasporites, and Jiaohepollis. The fern spores in the former palynological assemblage contain Bayanhuasporite (0–8.96%), Granulatisporites (0.93%–6.97%), and some important Cretaceous genera, such as Cicatricosisporites, Concavissimisporites, Densoisporites, Hsuisporites, Foraminisporis, and Leptolepidites. The Cicatricosisporites-Cedripites-Perinopollenites palynological assemblage is distributed in the upper part of the Tongbomiao Formation. Gymnosperm (77.30%), Pinaceae (31.9%), and Paleoconiferus (19.02%) pollen predominate this palynological assemblage, and Quadraeculina, Erlianpollis, and Jiaohepollis pollen are also common in this assemblage. The fern spores in this palynological assemblage include abundant Cicatricosisporites (4.29%). Besides, Concavissimisporites, Aequitriradites, and Leptolepidites are also common in this palynological assemblage. No angiosperm pollen has been found in both palynological assemblages. The identification of both palynological assemblages provides important evidence for the biostratigraphic correlation between the Hailar Basin and its adjacent areas. It also enables the reconstructions of the Berriasian-Valanginian (Early Cretaceous) vegetation and the paleoclimate on the eastern Mongolian Plateau during 141–132 Ma. The vegetation reconstructed on the palynological data of the represented by Hailar Basin in eastern Mongolian Plateau (141.6–141.4 Ma), form conifer forest or conifer broad-leaved mixed forest to conifer forest with shrubs and grassland, the climate belongs to warm temperate and warm-subtropicalt, the highest temperature is estimated to reach 35–38°C. Form 132.3 Ma, the vegetation type is conifer forest, and its paleoclimate is sub-humid warm temperate, the highest temperature is estimated to reach 24–29°C.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.     

新疆四棵树地区西山窑组孢粉组合及古气候意

四棵树凹陷位于准噶尔盆地南缘西段乌苏市境内,蕴含丰富的油气和煤炭资源。由于匮乏化石证据,制约四棵树凹陷侏罗纪地层的地质时代的确定。对西山窑组沉积环境和孢粉分析研究,恢复重建了其古环境,探讨了本区中西山窑时期的植被演替及环境演变。西山窑组岩性以泥质细砂岩、浅灰绿色泥岩、粉砂岩、泥岩为主。通过对孢粉化石分析研究,建立了Cyathidites minor—Osmundacidites —Cycadopites—Disacciatrileti（COCD）孢粉组合。组合中蕨类植物孢子与裸子植物花粉含量大体相当,蕨类植物孢子以紫萁科的Osmundacidites为主,桫椤科孢子也有一定含量,其他常见分子包括Deltoidospora、Neoraistrickia等,裸子植物以松柏类两气囊花粉含量为主,均为我国侏罗纪常见属种。通过对西山窑组孢粉植物群的分析,认为西山窑组孢粉组合时代属于中侏罗世早期,该孢粉植物群总体上反映了温暖湿润的热带—亚热带气候特点,植被类型以针阔混交林为主。     

松辽盆地青山口地区嫩江组下部生物地层及环境变化

对松辽盆地青山口地区后金沟剖面进行化石的系统采样、鉴定和分析,识别出了介形类Cypridea gunsu-linensis-Cypridea ardua和Ilyocyprimorpha netchaevae-Periacanthella portentosa-Cypridea ordinata组合,孢粉Proteacidites-Cyathidites-Dictyotriteles和Lythraites-Aquilapollenites-Schizaeoisporites组合。根据介形类、孢粉化石组合,结合叶肢介化石和岩性等资料,厘定了该剖面的层位,认为后金沟剖面属于嫩江组一段上部-二段下部。在生物地层研究的基础上,探讨了沉积时期的古生态、古环境、古气候分析。根据介形类化石的保存特征及丰度、分异度,并结合其他资料,推测在嫩江组一段-二段沉积过渡期发生了一次大规模的湖侵。伴随着湖侵,介形类经历了一个衰退、消亡、复苏的过程。根据对孢粉的分析,认为该沉积期总体属于湿润到半湿润的热带、亚热带气候,其中在嫩江组二段底部黑色页岩的沉积期显得气候更加湿热,向上开始逐渐变干凉。     

Jurassic-Cretaceous Boundary Strata of the Somanakamura Group in NE Japan and their Correlation with Coeval Terrestrial Deposits in China

Defining the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary is a controversy in stratigraphic study of the world. It has been widely accepted that this boundary can be defined at the bottom of Berriasian in Tethys, with the appearance of the ammonite Berriasella jacobi dating to ca. 145 Ma. However, it is difficult for the widespread terrestrial deposits in China to correlate with the international standard of marine facies. The Somanakamura Group in Japan is represented by a succession of marine-continental transitional strata. It provides a bridge of marine and nonmarine stratigraphic correlation. The ammonite and radiolarian fossils preserved in this group suggest an age from Bajocian to early Valanginian. The J-K boundary was defined in or atop the Tomizawa Formation of the group according to the ammonite data. The present authors study the fossil spores and pollen newly found from the Tomizawa and Koyamada formations. Three assemblages have been recognized. They are Assemblage 1 (Cyathidites-Classopollis) from the upper part of the Tomizawa Formation, Assemblage 2 (Cyathidites-Jiaohepollis) from the lower part of the Koyamada Formation, and Assemblage 3 (Cyathidites-Spheripollenites-Ephedripites) from the middle to upper part of the Koyamada Formation. With the reference of ammonite evidence, the J-K boundary can be defined between Assemblage 1 and Assemblage 2. This palynological J-K boundary can be correlated with that of terrestrial sequence in China. However, local biostratigraphy imply that the continental J-K boundary in China is of 135 or 137 Ma age. It has a considerable discrepancy from the marine standard. Biogeographically, the distribution pattern of spores and pollen in southern China is in accordance with that in the Somanakamura Group, which parallels the Tuchengzi Formation in northeastern China. By the palynological correlation between the Somanakamura Group and the strata in southern China, and then with the sequence in northeastern China, it is suggested that the continental J-K boundary is located in the Tuchengzi Formation.     

新疆拜城阿合组、阳霞组及克孜勒努尔组的孢粉组合

拜城地区中生代陆相地层非常发育.作者在阿合组、阳霞组和克孜勒努尔组中获得了不少的孢粉化石,共鉴定有58属,93种,其中2新种和2新联合种.     

鄂尔多斯东北部中侏罗世孢粉化石及古气候意义

鄂尔多斯盆地东北部内蒙古伊金霍洛旗乌兰木伦地区是我国重要的能源矿产地,含煤岩系赋存在侏罗系延安组中,延安组岩石组合以灰白色砂岩、灰色粉砂岩、灰色泥岩为主,夹多层煤层;延安组上覆直罗组以灰色、灰绿色砂岩、灰色粉砂岩、紫红色泥岩为主。通过对乌兰木伦地区武家塔露天煤矿剖面延安组和直罗组孢粉化石分析,在延安组中识别出Cyathidites-Lycopodiumsporites-Neoraistrickia-Cycadopites孢粉组合带,以桫椤科、石松科孢子繁盛,紫萁科孢子和单沟/原始沟类、松柏类两气囊花粉发育,卷柏科孢子及柏科花粉较常见为主要特征,时代为中侏罗世早期(阿林期—巴柔期)。根据延安组孢粉母体植物的生态环境分析,本区在这一沉积时期的气候属于温暖湿润的亚热带—温带型气候。直罗组孢粉化石较少,主要见Cyathidites minor,Osmundacidites parvus,Concentrisporites fragilis,Cycadopites spp.等。综合地层岩性、孢粉组合及古植被分析,延安组到直罗组沉积时期总体上呈现从温暖湿润的亚热带—温带型向半干旱—干旱炎热型的气候...     

华北地块东北缘红庙子盆地鹰嘴砬子组孢粉化石

报道华北地块东北缘地区红庙子盆地鹰嘴砬子组的孢粉化石,建立了Cicatricosisporites-Abietineaepollenites-Piceites组合,该组合的主要特征为:以裸子类双气囊花粉和海金沙科孢子为主,含一定量裸子类无气囊花粉,未见被子类花粉,孢粉组合特征可与松辽盆地沙河子组对比。一些具有早白垩世时代意义的孢粉化石,如Cicatricosisporites sp.,Cicatricosisporites undulates和Cicatricosisporites implexus的出现,表明鹰嘴砬子组的地质时代为早白垩世。根据孢粉化石资料,推测华北地块东北缘地区在鹰嘴砬子组沉积时期古植被面貌以松科和杉科组成的松柏类针叶林为主,林下生长着真蕨类。古气候相当于湿润-半湿润的亚热带气候。     

松辽盆地南部双辽断陷生储盖特征与成藏主控因素分析

根据钻井、测井、地震及测试数据综合分析,确立双辽断陷沉积体系展布,明确断陷的生储盖特征,剖析油气成藏主控因素,开展有利勘探区带预测。结果表明:双辽断陷沙河子组发育半深湖-扇三角洲-近岸水下扇沉积体系,与火石岭组火山岩构成上生下储式有利生储盖组合;其成藏主控因素有火山穹窿构造、有利油气源供给、火山穹隆内幕储集层发育、有利生储盖组合及成藏因素有利时空配置5方面;桑树台凸起火山穹窿构造,是今后油气勘探的有利目标区。     

Palynological assemblages of non-marine rocks at the Permian–Triassic boundary, western Guizhou and eastern Yunnan, South China

Marine and non-marine facies of the Permian–Triassic boundary stratigraphic set (PTBST) are well developed in South China. Palynological assemblages enable subdivision and correlation of the Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB) rocks. Three palynological assemblages are recognized across the PTBST in two terrestrial PTB sections in western Guizhou and eastern Yunnan, South China. Assemblage 1 (Xuanwei Formation) is a Late Permian palynological assemblage dominated by ferns and pteridosperms, with minor gymnosperms. Most taxa are typical long-ranging Paleozoic forms, but the appearance of Lueckisporites confirms a Late Permian age for this assemblage. Assemblage 2 (PTBST) is marked by an abrupt decrease in palynomorph abundance and diversity, and thriving fungal/algal(?) spores. Assemblage 2 is still dominated by ferns and pteridosperms, with a few gymnosperms, but is characterized by a mixed palynoflora containing both Late Permian and Early Triassic elements. Most taxa are typical Late Permian ones also found in Assemblage 1, however, some taxa of Early Triassic aspect, e.g. Lundbladispora and Taeniaesporites, appeared for the first time. In Assemblage 3 (top Xuanwei Formation and Kayitou Formation), the proportion of gymnosperm pollen increases rapidly, exceeding that of ferns and pteridosperms, but the abundance of palynomorphs is still low. Typical Early Triassic taxa (such as Lundbladispora, Aratrisporites and Taeniaesporites) are present in greater abundance and confirms an Early Triassic age for this assemblage.     

A Spore-Pollen Assemblage from the Damoguaihe Formation in the Tamutsag Basin,Mongolia and Its Geological Implication

Based on the palynological data from Well Ta-19-36 and Well Ta-19-37 in the Ta'nan Sag, and Well Ta-22-1 and Well Ta-21-1 in the Bayin Gobi Sag, a spore-pollen assemblage from the Damoguaihe Formation is named as Cicatricosisporites minutaestriatus- Aequitriradites spinulosus-Protopinus sp. assemblage in the Tamutsag Basin, Mongolia. The assemblage is characterized by abundant gymnosperm pollen and diverse fern spores, counted 46.35%–65.57% and 34.43%–52.58% in percentage respectively. Among the gymnosperm pollen, Pinuspollenites sp.(2.66%–16.94%), Protopinus sp.(0–11.38%) and Protopicea sp.(0–10.81%) are dominant; and Alisporites sp., Cerebropollenites sp., Podocarpidites sp., and Abietineaepollenites sp. are common. Some important elements, such as Chasmatosporites sp., Callialasporites prominulus, Parvisaccites sp., Parcisporites sp., Jiaohepollis cf. annulatus, J. bellus, J. verus, Polycingulatisporites sp., Schizaeoisporites certus, Classopollis annulatus are seen. Within the fern spores, Osmundacidites wellamanii(0.85%–4.93%), Appendicisporites sp.(0–4.45%), Baculatisporites comaumensis(0.80%–2.87%), Cicatricosisporites sp.(0.51%–2.66%), C. minor(0–2.14%), Foraminisporis asymmetricus(0–2.40%), Aequitriradites sp.(0– 2.19%) and Cyathidites minor(0–2.13%) are dominant; and some specie of Densoisporites, Cooksonites, Impardecispora, Pilosisporites, Schizaeosprites, Fixisporites, Leptolepidites, Trilobosporites, Kuylisporites, Klukisporites, Hsuisporites, Couperisporites, Maculatisporites are seen. The angiosperm pollen are rare in the assemblage, characterized by Clavatipollenites sp.(0–0.80%) and Songipollis sp.(0–0.27%). The geological age of the Damoguaihe Formation is assigned to Hauterivian – Barremian of Early Cretaceous according to the palynological data, due to the fact that there existed a lot of diverse spores of the family Schizaeaceae and prosperous gymnosperm saccat pollen which the corpus and sacci are differentiated completely, and the presence of early angiosperm pollen of Clavatipollenites. However, the zircon U-Pb isotopic dating of the volcanic rocks in the Nantun Formation indicated that the overlying strata of the Nantun Formation, i.e. the Damoguaihe Formation must be younger than 127.0±2.0–137.9±1.5 Ma. This is consistent with the palynological data. Furthermore, the vegetation reconstructed on the palynological data of the Damoguaihe Formation is conifer forest with shrubs and grassland, belonging to the semi-humid or humid middle to south subtropical climate. Moreover, three new species, namely Biretisporites punctatus sp. nov., Chasmatosporites reticulates sp. nov. and Concentrisporites contractus sp. nov. are described here.     

内蒙古巴林右旗下三叠统幸福之路组化石新发现

下三叠统幸福之路组分布于大兴安岭南部,时代为早三叠世.重新实测了幸福之路组三段建组剖面,采集了孢粉、叶肢介、双壳及植物化石,其中孢粉化石为首次发现.孢粉化石为A lisporites communis-Vittatina costabilis组合,叶肢介为Cyclotun-guzites-Euestheria组合.综合分析孢粉、叶肢介化石组合特征,认为其时代相当于早三叠世早期;幸福之路组孢粉组合在古植物地理区划上与新疆北部晚二叠世—早三叠世孢粉组合关系密切,但也含有华北地台晚二叠世晚期的一些分子,记录了安加拉和华夏两大植物群的交流.幸福之路组与林西组孢粉组合具有明显的连续性.     

黑龙江三江盆地晚白垩世海浪组孢粉组合

依据东基三井1 226. 0～1 538. 0 m井段的孢粉鉴定结果,结合前人资料,首次将该井段孢粉组合命名为Cyathidites-Taxodiaceaepolleni-Aquilapollenites组合。其组合特征为:裸子植物花粉占48. 10%～78. 58%,蕨类孢子占2. 44%～34. 18%,被子植物花粉占0%～28. 26%;蕨类孢子中Cyathidites百分含量最高(0. 79%～37. 50%),其次是Cicatricosisporites (0%～12. 50%)和Leiotriletes (0%～10. 00%),重要分子有Appendicisporites、Schizaeoisporites、Lygodiumsporites和Lygodioisporites;裸子植物花粉中Inaperturopllenites的百分含量最高(11. 29%～38. 83%),其次是Taxodiaceaepollenites (12. 66%～28. 57%),重要分子有Tsugaepollenites、Parcisporites、Parvisaccites、Ephedripites和Classopollis等;被子植物花粉中Tricolpites的百分含量最高(0%～16. 46%),其次是Betulaepollenites (0%～15. 22%),含量较高的还有Momipites和Tricolporopollenites,重要分子有Aquilapollenites、Fibulapollis和Proteacidites等。该组合可以与松辽盆地嫩江组孢粉组合对比,地质时代为晚白垩世Santonian-Campanian期。鉴于宁安市南团子山、高家等露头区海浪组所产Estherites mitsuishii、E. liuxinensis、Tylestheria cf. shanhoensis、Halysestheria yui、Calestherites sp.和Brachygrapta? sp.等叶肢介化石群,系松辽盆地嫩江组常见分子,故将东基三井1 226. 0～1 538. 0 m井段划归为海浪组,废弃"七星河组"一名。     

松辽盆地深层侏罗系-下白垩统生物组合和沉积环境

本文描述了松辽盆地探井揭露的深层地层序列及其所产的5个牛物门类化石组合特征.9个孢粉组合是Monosulcites-Cyathidites组合、Pinaceae-Cyathidites-Osmundaeidites组合、Classopollis-Piceites组合、Lophotriletes-Cicatricosisporites组合、Paleoconiferus-Lygodiumsporites组合、Cyathidites-Leiotriletes-Clavatipollenites组合、Cicatricosisporites-Leiotriletes-Polyporopollenites组合、Leiotriletes-Schizaeoisporites-Classopollis组合和Trilobosporites-Cyathidites-Tricolpollenites组合.3个藻类组合是Vesperopsis-Australisphaera组合、Balmula granorugosa组合和Vesperopsis zhaodongensis组合.2个介形类组合是Cypridea unicostata-Limnocypridesadscondida组合和Mongolocypris limpida-Paracandona planiuscula组合.4个植物组合是Elatocladus submanchurica-Ginkgoites orientalis组合、Acanthopteris gothani-Pterophyllum组合、Sphenopteris johnstrupii-Coniopteris nympharum组合和Platanus septentrionalis-Protophyllum undulaturn组合.3个大孢子组合是Minerisporites sp.组合、Ricinospora leavigata-Galamospora sp.组合和Arcellites组合.还介绍了叶肢介、轮藻、双壳类和鱼类化石的产出情况.结合同位素资料认为：大庆群时代为中侏罗世,火石岭组可能为贝里阿斯期,沙河子组为凡兰吟期-欧特里夫期,营城组为欧特里夫期-巴列姆期,登娄库组为巴列姆期-阿普第期早期,泉头组一-二段为阿普第-阿尔卑期,并对各组沉积环境进行了初步分析.     

内蒙古扎兰屯地区龙江组孢粉组合及其地质意义

成吉思汗驿站龙江组剖面位于扎兰屯成吉思汗镇东南部,组内大化石稀少,但孢粉化石丰富,下部岩性为沉凝灰岩、凝灰岩、凝灰质砂岩、砂岩、砾岩,上部岩性为安山岩、英安岩。通过对成吉思汗驿站龙江组孢粉化石的分析,在龙江组中识别出圆形粒面孢-二连粉孢粉组合带(Cyclogranisporites-Erlianpollis)。通过对孢粉化石属种的分析,根据具有时代指示意义的孢粉化石,如Erlianpollis,Cicatricosisporites,Pilosisporites等,认为成吉思汗地区龙江组孢粉化石形成时代为早白垩世,结合地质、古植物及孢粉化石的定量分析,认为龙江组植被类型反映亚热带气候,指示温暖潮湿的环境。     

四川盆地中部中侏罗统沙溪庙组沉积期古环境与古气候演化——以永浅1井为例

四川盆地中部中侏罗统沙溪庙组沉积期古环境与古气候研究对揭示该时期盆内的沉积格局、重建古地理及油气形成与演化具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文以四川盆地中部永浅1井的47件泥岩样品为研究对象,通过主微量元素的变化特征恢复研究区沙溪庙组沉积期的古环境与古气候演化过程。研究结果表明,Sr/Ba比值、Rb/K2O比值、Ca/Mg比值和Ca/(Ca+Fe)比值指示川中地区中侏罗统沙溪庙组沉积期整体为淡水环境,但在沙溪庙组一段沉积中、晚期出现了短暂的水体盐度升高;V/(V+Ni)比值、U/Th值、V/Cr比值与Ni/Co比值指示沙溪庙组沉积期整体为间歇暴露的浅水氧化环境,局部为弱氧化或还原环境;C值、CIA值和Rb/Sr比值等指标显示,沙溪庙组沉积期古气候总体为温暖湿润的气候环境,但期间发生波动性干旱,在温暖湿润和半干旱—半湿润之间频繁波动。多元地球化学参数为川中地区中侏罗统沙溪庙组沉积期的古气候演化和区域性古气候对比提供了新的证据。     

内蒙古东部霍林河盆地霍林河组的年龄:来自锆石U-Pb测年和孢粉组合的证据

内蒙古东部霍林河盆地霍林河组是我国最重要的下白垩统含煤地层之一.该组产出大量不同种类且保存完好的植物化石,但因为缺乏海相沉积和火山岩夹层,我们对这套地层的精确年龄认知不足.我们最近在扎鲁特旗扎哈淖尔露天煤矿霍林河组发现了火山灰层,基于钻孔数据的地层分析显示该火山灰层位于霍林河组下含煤段的底部.二次离子质谱(SIMS)锆...     

内蒙古海拉尔盆地大磨拐河组孢粉组合

海拉尔盆地大磨拐河组自下而上可以划分出两个孢粉组合 :哈氏三角孢 -微细云杉粉 ( Deltoidospora hallii-Piceaepollenites exilioides)组合和澳洲无突肋纹孢 -卵形光面单缝孢 ( Cicatricosisporites australiensis- L aevigato-sporites ovatus)组合 ,分别分布于大磨拐河组一段和二段 ,组合特征明显 ,可以作为研究区内地层划分对比的生物地层学依据之一。两个孢粉组合中见有属种繁多的海金沙科孢子及其他繁盛于早白垩世的孢子花粉 ,结合在数以千计的岩心样品中没有发现可靠的早期被子植物花粉的情况分析 ,推测产这两个孢粉组合的大磨拐河组的地质时代为早白垩世凡兰吟期—欧特里沃期 ( Valanginian— Hauterivian) ,不排除部分进入巴列姆期 ( Barrem ian)的可能     

徽成盆地东河群孢粉化石的发现及其意义

对甘肃南部徽成盆地东河群进行了孢粉研究，在上部的化垭组首次发现了一些孢粉化石。孢粉组合以Ｃｉｃａｔｒｉｃｏｓｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ Ｈｓｕｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ Ｃｌａｓｏｐｏｌｉｓ为代表，蕨类植物孢子占明显优势，以海金砂科、水龙骨科和卷柏科为主；裸子植物花粉以掌鳞杉科最常见，还有松科及麻黄科花粉。经孢粉组合特征和属种地史分布对比分析，认为化垭组的地质时代属早白垩世，可能为早白垩世中期，东河群的上界也为这一时期     

A snapshot into the terrestrial ecosystem of an exceptionally well-preserved dinosaur (Hadrosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of North Dakota,USA

A palynological investigation of sedimentary rocks enclosing an exceptionally well-preserved fossil dinosaur (Hadrosauridae) discovered in the upper part of the Hell Creek Formation in south western North Dakota was conducted in order to document the immediate paleoenvironment of this dinosaur. The specimen, an Edmontosaurus annectens is remarkable in having exceptional three-dimensional preservation of soft tissue around the skeleton, indicating rapid burial. A well-preserved palynological assemblage dominated by fern and bryophyte spores, with lesser gymnosperm and angiosperm pollen was recovered. Sparse fresh-water algae and marine dinoflagellate cysts were also recorded. The palynofacies is dominated by wood fragments, including charcoal, with little amorphous organic matter. The presence of some typical pollen taxa of the Wodehouseia spinata Assemblage Zone including Striatellipollis striatellus, Tricolpites microreticulatus, Leptopecopites pocockii as well as a diverse suite of Aquilapollenites, is fully consistent with a Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) age. The palynoflora indicates a local vegetation composed of a canopy of conifers dominated by Pinaceae and a minor sub-canopy of Taxodium and cycads, as well as an understory of hydrophilous ferns, mosses and herbaceous angiosperms, indicative of a warm and humid climate – an environment where this specific hadrosaur roamed over 66 million years ago.