薄层自流式光生物反应器研制及微藻培养效果评价

【目的】针对跑道池光生物反应器光照比表面积小、产率低、耗水量大等问题,设计一种新型薄层自流式光生物反应器。【方法】使用Solidworks软件进行三维建模设计,建立该新型反应器的微藻培养系统,并与跑道池光生物反应器进行微藻培养中试对比评价试验;建造一套薄层自流式反应器的微藻大规模培养系统,并以同株栅藻(Scenedesmus sp.)为培养藻种,进行4批次的培养试验,评价该反应器的微藻培养效果。【结果】所设计薄层自流式反应器光径减小,光照比表面积,藻液混合程度提高;中试试验结果表明,薄层自流式反应器中栅藻的生长速率明显高于同期跑道池光生物反应器,生物质浓度显著高于跑道池反应器,单位面积产率(每天单位占地面积的产量)升高13%,薄层式反应器的耗水量约低于跑道池反应器6倍。大规模培养试验表明,薄层自流式反应器的微藻生物质产率明显高于跑道池反应器,微藻生物质产率单日高达0.86 g·L^-1·d^-1,占地面积产率达43.5 g·m^-2·d^-1,最终生物质浓度达2.31 g·L^-1,远高于跑道池光生物反应器最高生物质质量浓度(约0.01~0.6 g·L^-1)。【结论】薄层自流式光生物反应器一定程度上克服了跑道池光生物反应器的缺点,收获微藻的生物质产率和浓度高。     

Variabilities of surface current in the tropical Pacific Ocean

The Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) package is used to better understand the variabilities of surface current transport in the Tropical Pacific Ocean from 1950 to 1999. Seasonal variation, internnual and decadal variability analyses are conducted on the three major surface currents of the Tropical Pacific Ocean: the North Equatorial Current (NEC), the North Equatorial Countecurrent (NECC), and the South Equatorial Current (SEC). The transport of SEC is quite larger than those of NEC and NECC. The SEC has two maximums in February and August. The NEC has a small annual variation. The NECC has a maximum in October and is very weak in March and April. All currents have remarkable interannual and decadal variabilities. The variabilities of the NEC and the SEC related to the winds over them well, but the relationship between the NECC and the wind over it is not close. Analysis related to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) suggests that before El Niño (La Niña) the SEC is weaker (stronger) and the NECC is stronger (weaker), after El Niño (La Niña) the SEC is stronger (weaker) and the SEC is weaker (stronger). There is no notable relationship between the NEC and ENSO.     

安徽省温度与心脑血管疾病死亡关系的广义叠加模型分析

本研究探讨了安徽省巢湖市、雨山区和天长市的温度与心脑血管疾病死亡之间的关系。从中国疾病预防控制中心收集2008-2011年这3个城市（区）居民的心脑血管疾病日死亡资料,采用Possion广义叠加模型研究了温度与心脑血管疾病死亡之间的暴露-反应曲线关系,并以最适宜温度为参照,分别估计高温和低温情况下气温每上升或下降1 °C,对应的心脑血管疾病死亡人数上升的百分比。结果显示,3个城市心脑血管疾病死亡与温度之间的暴露-反应曲线为J-型,即存在一个最适宜温度,心脑血管疾病的死亡风险在该最适宜温度达到最低,巢湖市、雨山区、天长市的最适宜温度分别为29.0°C、26.6°C、26.9°C。当温度低于最适宜温度时,温度每降低1 °C,巢湖市、雨山区和天长市的心脑血管疾病死亡人数分别增加1.06%（95%CI：0.39%~1.74%）、2.18%（95%CI：1.56%~2.81%）、0.89%（95%CI：-0.11%~1.90%）;当温度高于最适宜温度时,温度每升高1°C,3城市的心脑血管患者死亡人数分别增加2.92%（95%CI：-2.19%~8.30%）、4.87%（95%CI：-0.11%~10.10%）、2.06%（95%CI：-2.57%~6.91%）。研究结果表明,低温和高温均会对安徽省城市居民的心脑血管疾病死亡产生影响,且温度对心脑血管疾病死亡的影响还存在地域差异。因此,在研究温度对心脑血管疾病死亡的影响、制定相关的防御措施时,都需因地制宜地进行分析。     

The impacts of permafrost change on NPP and implications: A case of the source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers

This paper studies the relationship between net primary productivity (NPP) and annual average air temperature (GT) at 0cm above ground in permafrost regions by using revised Chikugo NPP model,cubic spline interpolating functions,and non-linear regression methods.The source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers were selected as the research areas.Results illustrate that:(1) There is significant non-linear relationship between NPP and GT in various typical years;(2) The maximum value of NPP is 6.17,5.87,7....     

Relationship Between Producer Services Developing Level and Urban Hierarchy —— A Case Study of Zhujiang River Delta

As the Central Place Theory indicates, the centricity of a central city can influence the extension of its service. Since the service industry in the theory is mostly consumer services, it is worth studying the relationship between the producer services and the centricity of the city in the service society with producer services becoming a more important part of the service industry. The paper takes the case of the Zhujiang （Pearl） River Delta （PRD）, a developed region in China, to study the relationship between the developing level of producer services and the urban hierarchy. Based on the analysis about the spatial difference of the producer services in the nine cities of the PRD, and the division of the nine cities according to some economic indices, it is shown that there is a correlation between the developing level of producer services and the urban hierarchy. Furthermore, two deductions about the future status of the producer services in the city and the location of the producer services in a large region can be made from this correlation between the developing level of producer services and the urban hierarchy.     

Partial Sequence Analysis of Mitochondrial COI Gene of the Chinese Shrimp, Fenneropenaeus Chinensis

Eight hundred and thirty eight base pair fragment of mitochondrial COI gene of wild and cultured populations (CP1, CP4, CP5 and CP6) of Fenneropenaeus chinensis was amplified and sequenced. The A, T, G and C contents of the sequence were 235bp (28.0% ),.307bp (36.6%), 138bp (16.5%) and 158bp (18.9%), respectively. Furthermore, 556bp fragment of the sequence was used to discuss the phylogenetic relationship among 14 Penaeidae species using Alpheus armillatus as the outgroup. From the molecular phylogenetic tree constructed by neighbor-joining method, we obtained three large shrimp groups: Farfantepenaeus, Litopenaeus and Fenneropenaeus group. The results also indicated that there were a closer genetic relationships between F. aztecus and F. paulensis, L. schmitti and L. setiferus, F. indicus and F. merguiensis, and the genus Farfantepenaeus was closer to Litopenaeus.     

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Fuzzy synthetic evaluation of water quality of Naoli River using parameter correlation analysis

In order to improve the effectiveness of Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation （FSE） models, a Parameter Correlation Analysis （PCA） was introduced into the FSE and a case study was carried out in the Naoli River in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. The basic principle of the PCA is that the pairs of parameters which are highly correlated and linear with each other would contribute the same information to an assessment and one of them should be eliminated. The method of the PCA is that a correlation relationship among candidate parameters is examined before the FSE. If there is an apparent nonlinear or curvilinear relationship between two parameters, then both will be retained; if the correlation is significant （p〈0.01）, and the scatter plot suggests a linear relationship, then one of them will be deleted. However, which one will be deleted？ For solving this problem, a sensitivity test was conducted and the higher sensitivity parameters remained. The results indicate that the original data should be preprocessed through the PCA for redundancy and variability. The study shows that introducing the PCA into the FSE can simplify the FSE calculation process greatly, while the results have not been changed much.     

The atmospheric wet pool： definition and comparison with the oceanic warm pool

The oceanic warm pool (OWP) defined by sea surface temperature (SST) is known as the "heat reservoir" in the ocean. The warmest portion in the ocean mirrors the fact that the wettest region with the largest accumulation of water vapor (WV) in the atmosphere, termed atmospheric wet pool (AWP), should be identified because of the well-known Clausius-Clapeyron relationship between SST and WV. In this study, we used 14-year simultaneous observations of WV and SST from January 1988 to December 2001 to define the AWP and investigate its coupling and co-variations with the OWP. The joint examination of the area variations, centroid locations, and zonal migrations of the AWP and OWP lead to a number of interesting findings. The results hopefully can contribute to our understanding of the air-sea interaction in general and characterization of El Nifio/La Nina events in particular.     

APPLICATION OF LEAST MEDIAN OF SQUARED ORTHOGONAL DISTANCE (LMD) AND LMD BASED REWEIGHTED LEAST SQUARES (RLS) METHODS ON THE STOCK RECRUITMENT RELATIONSHIP

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｍｏｓｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔａｎｄｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙｍｏｓｔｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｉｎｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔｏｆｆｉｓｈｅｒｉｅｓｉｓｐｒｏｂａｂｌｙｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｓｔｏｃｋａｎｄｒｅｃｒｕｉｔｍｅｎｔ(Ｈｉｌｂｏｒｎｅｔａｌ.,1992).Ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｓｔｏｃｋｒｅｃｒｕｉｔｍｅｎｔ(ＳＲ)ｄａｔａｉｓｍｏｓｔｏｆｔｅｎｄｏｎｅｂｙｆｉｔｔｉｎｇｖａｒｉｏｕｓｃｕｒｖｅｓｏｆＳＲｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｔｏｔｈ…     

Relationship Between Producer Services Developing Level and Urban Hierarchy——A Case Study of Zhujiang River Delta

As the Central Place Theory indicates, the centricity of a central city can influence the extension of its ser-vice. Since the service industry in the theory is mostly consumer services, it is worth studying the relationship betweenthe producer services and the centricity of the city in the service society with producer services becoming a more im-portant part of the service industry. The paper takes the case of the Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta (PRD), a developedregion in China, to study the relationship between the developing level of producer services and the urban hierarchy.Based on the analysis about the spatial difference of the producer services in the nine cities of the PRD, and the divi-sion of the nine cities according to some economic indices, it is shown that there is a correlation between the develop-ing level of producer services and the urban hierarchy. Furthermore, two deductions about the future status of the pro-ducer services in the city and the location of the producer services in a large region can be made from this correlationbetween the developing level of producer services and the urban hierarchy.     

The influence of key environmental variables on phytoplankton community structure in the estuary of tidal rivers around Luoyuan Bay,China

A total of 348 species belonging to 8 phyla and 125 genera were observed in seasonally sampled phytoplankton of tidal rivers from 13 sampling sites around Luoyuan Bay, and all field samplings were carried out in productive period(March/June/August/December) at ebb tide. Bacillariophyta species were the most abundant species, followed by Chlorophyta, Cyanophytes, Euglenophyta, Cryptophyta, Dinophyta, Xanthophyta and Chrysophytas. Seasonal distribution index(SDI) value ranged from 0.63 to 0.86, which meant that species found at those sites in 4 seasons tended to be largely different. Phytoplankton individuals ranged from 5.939×10~4 ind L~(-1) in winter to 75.31×10~4 ind L~(-1) in autumn. Phytoplankton biomass ranged from 0.620 mg L~(-1) in summer to 2.373 mg L~(-1) in autumn. The grey correlation analysis(GCA) showed that the nutrient variables played an important role in the influence on phytoplankton community in every season. The canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) revealed impact of environmental variables on the different species, most of Bacillariophyta species were negative correlation with nutrients(TP and NH_3-N) in the four seasons, Chlorophyta species and Cyanophyta species did not show obvious correlation with environment variables in every season. The combination of GRA analysis and CCA analysis provided a method to quantitatively reveal the correlation between phytoplankton community and environmental variables in water body of tidal rivers at this region.     

松辽盆地西部斜坡的地球物理与遥感信息综合处理

多源地学信息综合处理包括复合(Integration,拟合)和叠合(Overlay,叠加)两种处理形式。地理信息系统为多源地学信息综合处理提供技术支持和保证。多源地学信息范围很广,从大的方面来说,包括地质、地理、地球物理、地球化学、遥感等各种地面、空中调查和探测的数据。本文基于地理信息系统,以松辽盆地西部斜坡为例,来探讨地球物理与遥感信息的相关性,然后对其进行复合和叠合处理。     

Preliminary description of diatom community and its relationship with water physicochemical variables in Qixinghe Wetland

Wetlands play a very important role in ecosystems. Qixinghe Wetland is a nature reserve area in northeastern China. In this paper, diatom communities and environmental qualities were investigated at eight sites in Qixinghe Wetland. This study was to examine diatom species patterns in relation to environmental variables in wetlands, and to use diatoms as indicators to water quality in wetlands and wetland classification. Diatoms were sampled in summers and autumns in 2002 and 2004, during which 180 taxa were identified. Environmental variations in pH, temperature, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were measured. The seasonal composition and abundance of diatoms changed greatly during the study period. The relationship between diatoms and chemical water quality was estimated statistically. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) with forward selection and Monte Carlo permutation tests revealed that all water environmental variables changed during the study period (P<0.05). Among all the parameters, variation in BOD among the sites was a very important determinant of species composition according to the CCA, and BOD decreased from 2002 to 2004. Our results suggest that the water quality had improved during the three-year period because of enhanced environmental protection with less human disturbance. We conclude that diatoms can be used to indicate water quality and habitat conditions in this wetland.     

Diatom distribution in surface sediments from Chinese inshore waters and the relationship to modern environmental variables

Diatoms are widely used to study past and present changes in the marine environment. Unimodal models are appropriate for exploring the relationship between environmental properties in Chinese inshore waters and fossil diatom species derived from modem surface sediments. The best-fit relationships between two multivariate datasets （diatom species and environmental variables） were identified using canonical correspondence analysis （CCA）, which is a constrained ordination technique. The absolute abundance of diatoms in the Chinese inshore waters ranged from 500 to 48 000 valves/g, and the average absolute abundance of all the 29 sites was l l 300 valves/g. 153 species and varieties of diatoms belonging to 42 genera in all were identified in the Chinese inshore waters. There were 28 dominant diatom species in all. According to the absolute abundance of the dominant species and the spatial distribution of the currents from the Chinese inshore waters, 12 diatom assemblages were distinguished from north to south, which reflected the different oceanographic conditions at the regional scale. Of the eight environmental variables considered, the most important environmental variable is winter sea surface salinity （WSS）, which was also the only environmental variable with statistical significance. Therefore, it may be used to establish a transfer functions for the Chinese inshore waters in future paleoclimate studies.     

Partial sequence analysis of mitochondrial COI gene of the chinese shrimp, <Emphasis Type="Italic">fenneropenaeus chinensis</Emphasis>

Eight hundred and thirty eight base pair fragment of mitochondrial COI gene of wild and cultured populations (CP1, CP4, CP5 and CP6) of Fenneropenaeus chinensis was amplified and sequenced. The A, T, G and C contents of the sequence were 235 bp (28.0%), 307 bp (36.6%), 138 bp (16.5%) and 158 bp (18.9%), respectively. Furthermore, 556 bp fragment of the sequence was used to discuss the phylogenetic relationship among 14 Penaeidae species using Alpheus armillatus as the outgroup. From the molecular phylogenetic tree constructed by neighbor-joining method, we obtained three large shrimp groups: Farfantepenaeus, Litopenaeus and Fenneropenaeus group. The results also indicated that there were a closer genetic relationships between F. aztecus and F. paulensis, L. schmitti and L. setiferus, F. indicus and F. merguiensis, and the genus Farfantepenaeus was closer to Litopenaeus.     

Eco-geographic environment and regional development in Xinjiang of China

The study on relationship between eco-geographic environment (EGE) and regional development (RD) is of theoretical and practical significance to promote the comprehensive study on nature and human factors and regional coordination development. Based on the evaluation index system and models of EGE and RD, Quadrant Analysis Method (QAM) and the Coordination Degree and Coordinated Development Degree Model (CDCDDM) were applied to studying the relationship between EGE and RD in Xinjiang in this paper. The results show that Xinjiang can be divided into four type regions according to the relationship between EGE and RD, namely high coordination region (HCR), overloading development region (ODR), low coordination region (LCR) and potential development region (PDR). Most areas of Xinjiang belong to LCR which can not bear a larger population and support large-scale economic development. HCR, ODR and PDR, which are mainly distributed in piedmont oases and take basin as unit, should be focused on in the development of Xinjiang. The EGE has great influence on RD, and there is serious contradiction between them. Relevant suggestions on development strategies were put forward according to the character of different type regions, and the key regions of macro-layout of RD in Xinjiang were pointed out.     

Long interspersed elements in three species of Gracilaria （Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta）

In order to find out whether long interspersed elements (LINEs) existed in macro-algae ge- nomes or not, we tested the LINE homologues in representative families (species): Gracilaria (G. eucheumoides Harv., G. tenuistipitata Chang et Xia, and G. textorii (Sur) De-Toni), Laminaria (L. longis- sima Miyabe and L. japonica Aresch.), and Ulva (U. lactuca L. and U. pertusa Kjellm.) during 2004 to 2005. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was carried out with degenerate oligonucleotide primers de- signed from LINEs of rice homologues and Cin4 of maize. Cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the PCR products revealed that 4 clones that derived from 3 species of Gracilaria have LINE homologues. The nucleotide sequences of the 4 LINE homologues diverged greatly, but the amino acid sequences deduced from them were relatively conserved. The endonuclease regions of the LINE homologues greatly di- verged from that of other plants, but they had closer phylogenetic relationship to Zepp elements in Chlor- ella sp., which indicated that sequence divergence by vertical transmission has been a major influence on the evolution of algal LINEs.     

Spatiotemporal factors affecting fish harvest and their use in estimating the monthly yield of single otter trawls in Putuo district of Zhoushan, China

We used generalized additive models (GAM) to analyze the relationship between spatiotemporal factors and catch, and to estimate the monthly marine fishery yield of single otter trawls in Putuo district of Zhoushan, China. We used logbooks from five commercial fishing boats and data in government’s monthly statistical reports. We developed two GAM models: one included temporal variables (month and hauling time) and spatial variables (longitude and latitude), and another included just two variables, month and the number of fishing boats. Our results suggest that temporal factors explained more of the variability in catch than spatial factors. Furthermore, month explained the majority of variation in catch. Change in spatial distribution of fleet had a temporal component as the boats fished within a relatively small area within the same month, but the area varied among months. The number of boats fishing in each month also explained a large proportion of the variation in catch. Engine power had no effect on catch. The pseudo-coefficients (PCf) of the two GAMs were 0.13 and 0.29 respectively, indicating the both had good fits. The model yielded estimates that were very similar to those in the governmental reports between January to September, with relative estimate errors (REE) of <18%. However, the yields in October and November were significantly underestimated, with REEs of 36% and 27%, respectively.     

温度对管角螺Hemifusus tuba(Gelin)耗氧率和排氨率的影响

设置5个温度梯度(14、19、24、29、34℃),海水盐度为32,研究温度和规格对管角螺Hemifusustuba(Gelin)耗氧率和排氨率的影响。结果表明:14～29℃范围内,管角螺耗氧率随温度的升高,29℃时达到最大值;14～34℃范围内,排氨率随温度的升高而增加。在相同温度下,耗氧率和排氨率随单位软体部干重的增加而下降,管角螺软体部干重(W)与单位体重耗氧率(OR)、排氨率(NR)之间的关系分别符合幂函数方程OR=aW-b、NR=cW-d,W与OR、NR呈负相关关系。