南黄海6.1级地震后强震活动趋势的初步研究

根据江苏南黄海地区（３１°～３５°Ｎ,１１９°～１２３．５°Ｅ）１５００～１９９６年Ｍ≥６强震资料,应用有序性分析、可公度性分析等方法,对１９９６年南黄海６．１级地震后强震趋势进行了跟踪预测研究．结果表明,未来Ｍ≥６强震可能发生在２００２～２００３年     

长江中下游—南黄海地震带地震活动趋势分析

对长江中下游－南黄海地震带地震活跃期,幕划分及其发展趋势进行了研究,对江苏及其邻区今后几年地地震在形势及重点危险区进行了判定,分析认为：长南带从１９７１年以来进入第二活跃期的第３幕,该幕地质活动将持续到２０１０年前后,最高活动水平为６．５级左右,今后几年江苏东部至南黄海海域发生５－６级或６级以上地震的可能性较大。     

江苏—南黄海地区中强地震干支60周期特征研究

根据１５００～１９９７年地震资料分析研究,江苏－南黄海地区Ｍ≥５中强地震具有显著的干支６０年周期性特征。作者对其独特的预测功能进行了初步研究。结果表明,未来几年该区依然存在５～６级地震的危险性,该区本世纪第二地震活跃幕可能持续到２００９～２０１２年前后。     

南黄海Ms6.1地震电磁辐射特征

介绍了长江三角洲观测台网记录到的南黄海６．１级地震电磁辐射异常，并结合１９７９年淋阳Ｍｓ６．０、１９８４年南黄海Ｍｓ６．２地震前的电磁辐射观测资料有为内其它资料，分析了异常的主要特征。初步讨论了ＤＰＪ型电磁辐射观测仪的甚低频低及ＵＬＦ型地震电磁信息观测仪的超低频段天线方向特性对震中预测的意义问题。     

鲁南地区地震活动性异常与苍山ML5.6级地震

利用《地震学分析预报方法程式指南》中的方法分析一鲁南地区的地震活动性异常，发现在苍山ＭＬ５．６级地震前，鲁南地区２３个月无ＭＬ≥２．５级地震；在１９８５年６月新泰ＭＬ４．１级地震以后，ＭＬ≥３．０级地震主要集中在新泰－苍山－莒县之间的三角地带。１９７４年以后沿苍尼断裂的ＭＬ≥３．０级地震都发生在５．６级地震震中附近。     

新疆地区地震发生的统计分析

根据新疆地区本世纪的地震记载，分别取５．５、６．０、６．５、６３／４、７．０、７．２为震级下限，视各组资料为更新过程的样本、分析地震发生的统计特征。经统计检验，不同震级下限的地震发生皆可认为是泊松过程；本世纪初中强地震在记载中可能有遗漏，为避免由此引出的干扰，使用Ｍｓ≥６．５的资料不应早于１９１４年，使用Ｍｓ≥５．５与Ｍｓ≥６．０的资料均应从１９３１年开始；在地震发生大体上为泊松过程的情况下，地震     

六级以上强震后半年内有无五级以上地震的模糊聚类分析

根据３６个初选问题的Ｗａｌｌｅｎ评分，精选出１０项能突出表现地震序列的特征参数作为指标，采用ＦＣＭ模糊聚类方法对地震序列进行分类，在分类过程中，将地震序列分为两类：Ｉ类为Ｍ≥６．０强震后六个月内还有震级为Ｍ≥５．０的强震发生；Ⅱ类为Ｍ≥６．０强震后六个月内无Ｍ≥５．０地震。以中国大陆地区１９９６年以来的２６次Ｍ≥６．０强震序列建立震后判别模型，然后以近期发生的８次强震序列进行了外推检验。     

1995年山东苍山5.2级地震构造背景及前兆地震活动特征

简述了苍山Ｍｓ５．２地震的基本概况,分析了苍山５．２级地震的构造背景,据这次地震的余震空间分布,等震线长轴,震源机制解,地震活动条带和地质资料分析认为北西向的苍山－新泰断裂和北东向的荣成－临沂断裂可能是苍山５．２级地震的地震断层,在１９８５年６月以前,鲁南地区的地震活动呈随机分布,１９８５年６月以后Ｍｓ≥３．０地震主要中在新泰－莒县之间的三角地震,来回迁移,１９７４年以后沿苍山－尼山断裂的ＭＬ≥３     

1994年7月26日南黄海北部发生令人注目的5.3级地震

１９９４年７月２６日南黄海北部发生令人注目的５．３级地震刁守中，郭爱香，王红卫（山东省地震局）据山东省地震台网初步测定，１９９４年７月２６日０１时４１分在南黄海北部（北纬３４．９度、东经１２４．３度）发生Ｍ＿ｓ５．３地震。据了解，青岛及威海市辖区少数...     

1994年震情述评

１９９４年震情述评丁鉴海，刘杰（中国北京１０００３６国家地震局分析预报中心）１１９９４年我国地震活动实况１９９４年我国共发生人Ｍｓ≥５．０级地震４８次（大陆及近海地区２９次，台湾地区１９次），其中Ｍｓ≥６．０级地震９次（大陆及近海地区４次，台湾地区５...     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Distribution of throughfall and stemflow in multi‐strata agroforestry,perennial monoculture,fallow and primary forest in central Amazonia,Brazil

The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Anthropogenic Eutrophication and Red Tide Outbreak in Lacustrine Systems of the Kashmir Himalaya

Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate.