中国土壤动物生态地理研究进展(英文)

This review summarizes main research findings in soil fauna eco-geography in China in the past 30 years.The subject areas and main results were overviewed including biodiversity and eco-geological distribution of soil fauna communities.Studies of ecological distributions of soil fauna and dynamic ranges in space from tropical,subtropical to temperate regions,and in categories from forest,grassland,desert,wetland,farmland to urban ecosystems,the responses and indications of soil fauna to soil environments.Ef...     

长白山红松阔叶混交林土壤动物生态分布

对长白山红松阔叶混交林分布的上缘、典型分布区和分布下缘土壤动物群落进行研究。结果表明,红松阔叶混交林三个分布区土壤动物群落组成存在差异,其中典型分布区土壤动物多样性指数较高,群落组成均匀。甲螨亚目、辐螨亚目、节跳虫科、球角跳虫科、革螨亚目和山跳虫科相关性较大,共同出现在各分布区。土壤动物垂直分布具有明显的表聚性,且红松阔叶混交林的上缘和典型分布区表聚性更为突出。通过灰色综合关联度分析表明,土壤全钾、全氮和有机质含量对土壤动物群落影响较大,而土壤全磷含量和pH对土壤动物的影响次之。     

中国中温带东部生态地理区划的土壤指标选择

中国生态地理区域系统是我国区域系统研究定量化、系统化、动态性发展的重要成果。 为深入探讨其土壤指标体系建设问题, 以《中国土种志》和省级土壤资料中的剖面点数据为 基础, 采用主成分分析与判别分析相结合的方法, 以中温带东部地区为例, 探讨适合进行中 温带东部地区生态地理区域系统划分的土壤指标; 在此基础上对代表中温带东部地区生态地理区域特征的土壤类型进行聚类分析。结果表明： A 层有机质含量、阳离子交换量、pH 值、 粘粒含量和土壤容重等5 项指标在中温带东部的生态地理区域划分中作为土壤指标较为合适; 运用回归克里格方法, 得到5 项土壤指标的空间分布数据库; 与区划中土壤类型和单项土壤区划相比, 简洁量化的土壤指标更适宜系统的表述中温带东部的生态地理区域特点。     

我国土壤动物生态地理研究进展

通过回顾我国近30年来土壤动物生态地理研究的进展,概述了我国土壤动物群落多样性及生态地理分布。包括我国从热带、亚热带到温带,从森林、草地、沙漠到湿地、农田乃至城市等诸多生态系统。总结了土壤动物群落对环境的响应及其指示意义研究的相关进展,从土壤动物对环境的营造、净化及其在生态系统凋落物分解和物质循环中的作用三个方面论述了土壤动物的功能,最后介绍了土壤动物与其他生物的互作、地上地下的生态学联系、全球变化对土壤动物群落的影响等热点领域的研究现状,并提出了未来土壤动物生态地理研究的热点问题。包括分子生物技术在土壤动物分类研究中的应用;土壤动物群落多样性的功能和机理;地上与地下生态系统的交互作用;干扰、污染、生物入侵和全球变化对土壤动物群落和功能的影响等。     

海南蚂蟥岭流域桉树人工林土壤动物生态地理特征

海南蚂蟥岭流域土壤动物生态地理类群的调查,共获得土壤动物样本2036只,隶属3门7纲18个类目,说明蚂蟥岭流域土壤动物生态地理类群并不丰富。比较流域内5种不同土地利用方式中的土壤动物生态地理类群时发现:桉树人工林地对应尚未开发的原生灌木丛地,其土壤动物生态地理类群的Jaccard相似性系数仅为0.375;土壤动物类群与个体数量分别减少了53.33%与62.74%;土壤动物群落复杂性指数(C_j)下降了1.056;土壤动物群落密度-类群指数(DG)降低了4.620。研究结果还进一步表明:桉树人工林土壤动物多样性的减少,损伤了土壤生态系统中土壤动物分解者的生态功能,造成了桉树人工林种植地枯枝落叶滞留、物质循环功能受阻、肥力下降,流域内土壤生态系统日趋恶化。     

内古蒙伊金霍洛旗的啮齿动物生态地理

本文通过１８９７年７－８月间对伊克昭盟的准格尔旗、伊金霍洛旗及东胜市区进行的啮齿动物的调查，根据地理环境、啮齿动物种类和分布，其栖息环境大体分为干草原，荒漠草原和农田生态地理型且其地球分布及种类成份以蒙新区为主要成分。现仅将伊金霍洛旗的调查资料整理成文，予以报导。     

“土壤”教学设计

“土壤”是高中地理开展实验教学的重要知识模块。本文设计了以学生为中心的地理实验教学过程,通过课前实验和课堂实验,学生经历较完整的科学研究过程,强化学生的实验设计和实验反思能力,有利于学生地理实践力的发展。     

地理阅读能力培养的探索——以“土壤”为例

阅读是学生增长知识、发展能力的有效手段,也是寻求信息、理解文本和解决问题的重要途径。学生常表现出由不善阅读引发的不善思考、不善提问、不善作答等问题。本文以人教版必修《地理1》第五章第二节“土壤”为例,通过带着问题阅读、多形式文本转换、构建思维工具等方式引导学生与图文材料阅读对话,以期探索一条提高学生地理阅读能力的可行路径。     

吉林省土壤动物组成与生态分布的初步研究

1989年6—8月,作者对吉林省九种景观类型的土壤动物进行了调查,共获土壤动物111类、22653只,分隶于6门、13纲、23目、72科。从总体上看,土壤动物类群数和个体数是森林环境高,而草原、沙地环境低。通过聚类分析,将大型土壤动物归为五类,中小型土壤动物归为四类。土壤动物的类群数和个体数随土壤深度的增加而递减。本文还探讨了五种主要土壤动物的分布特点。     

内蒙古伊金霍洛旗的啮齿动物生态地理

本文通过1987年7—8月间对伊克昭盟的准格尔旗、伊金霍洛旗及东胜市区进行的啮齿动物的调查，根据地理环境、啮齿动物种类和分布，其栖息环境大体分为干草原、荒漠草原和农田生态地理型且其地理分布及种类成份以蒙新区为主要成份。现仅将伊金霍洛旗的调查资料整理成文，予以报导。     

Soil indicators for eco-geographic regionalization: A case study in mid-temperate zone of eastern China

Eco-geographic regional system is formed by division or combination of natural features based on geographic relativity and comparison of major ecosystem factors (including biological and non-biological) and geographic zonality. In previous studies, soil types were often taken as a basis for soil regionalization. However, the quantitative characteristics of soil indicators are fitter than the qualitative ones of soil types for modern regionalization researches. Based on the second China’s national soil survey data and the provincial soil resource information, by principal analysis and discriminant analysis, this paper discusses the appropriate soil indicators as the complement of eco-geographic region indicator systems and the relationships between these soil indicators and soil types in regionalization. The results show that five indicators are used in eco-geographic zonality in mid-temperate zone of eastern China which are organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, pH, clay content and bulk density in topsoils. With a regression-kriging approach, the maps of soil indicators in mid-temperate zone of eastern China are compiled with a resolution of 1 km in every grid and the indicative meanings of these soil indicators are discussed. By cluster analysis it is proved that these soil indicators are better than the soil types and soil regionalization in delineating eco-geographic regions.     

中国生态地理区域系统区划

Eco-geographic regionalization has been one of the most important topics in China‘s regionalization researches since the end of the 20th century. It is a major ecosystem in geographic zonality. A hierarchical system, which is formed by division or combination of natural features based on geographic relativity and comparison of major ecosystem factors (including biological and non-biological) and geographic zonality, is called eco-geographic regional system. This paper introduces process of China‘s regionalization development. The first level unit, temperature zone, is delineated with main criteria of temperature. The second level unit, humidity region, is based on criteria of water/moisture states. The third level unit, natural region, is divided according to medium geomorphologic units. Vegetation types and soils are applied as supplementary criteria to indicate temperature and water/moisture states. Mapping process from qualitative to quantitative and China‘s eco-geographic regional system are also explained in this paper.     

Delineation of eco-geographic regional system of China

Eco-geographic regionalization has been one of the most important topics in China's regionalization researches since the end of the 20th century. It is a major ecosystem in geographic zonality. A hierarchical system, which is formed by division or combination of natural features based on geographic relativity and comparison of major ecosystem factors (including biological and non-biological) and geographic zonality, is called eco-geographic regional system. This paper introduces process of China's regionalization development. The first level unit, temperature zone, is delineated with main criteria of temperature. The second level unit, humidity region, is based on criteria of water/moisture states. The third level unit, natural region, is divided according to medium geomorphologic units. Vegetation types and soils are applied as supplementary criteria to indicate temperature and water/moisture states. Mapping process from qualitative to quantitative and China's eco-geographic regional system are also explained in this paper.     

基于地理探测器的中国亚热带北界探讨

暖温带与亚热带的分界线,是自然区划中一条重要的自然界线,它的划分问题曾引起诸多学科学者的争论。由于早期综合自然区划研究多以定性、专家集成方法为主,同时区划目的、使用指标等多有不同,导致不同学者所划分的自然区多存在一定的差异。本文基于空间分异性思想,使用地理探测器定量探测气候指标对中国亚热带北界的影响,选择其中q值较大的指标如日均温≥0℃天数、最冷月1月均温、年降水和湿润指数等作为主导因子并参考植被、土壤数据探讨亚热带北界界线的位置。结果表明：① 地理探测器法可以快速、准确地筛选自然区划的主要气候指标,并确定分界线的准确位置,提高了自然区划研究的技术水平和区划界线的客观性。② 使用地理探测器划分的新界线在研究区西部位于秦岭南坡1000~1600 m的位置,与以往界线相比略偏南;在研究区东部河南东部、安徽北部比以往界线略偏北。在保持自然要素完整性的同时,新界线具有更大的q值,表明新界线可以很好的反映暖温带与北亚热带2个区划带之间的差异,划分结果具有合理性。     

生态地理区域系统的比较研究

生态地理区域系统通过对代表自然界宏观生态系统的生物和非生物要素地理相关性的比较研究和综合分析,按照自然界的地理地带分异规律,划分或合并而形成不同等级的区域系统。用中国的研究与国外同类研究的比较,可以拓宽这一领域的思路,便于在这一领域与国外的学者使用相似的科学语言进行学术交流,使中国这一领域的研究走向世界。本文从生态地理区域系统的发展过程、等级单位、指标体系与表达方法,区域划分等方面将中国有代表性的生态地理区域系统与国外同类研究进行比较,认为中外的研究有许多共同之处,如目标、研究内容和服务对象与环境、生态、全球变化等联系在一起,其中与美国R. Bailey所划分的美国、北美和全球生态地理区域更为接近,在等级系统、指标体系、表达方式到划分结果有近似之处。地域的差异,指标使用的不同,制图过程和表达方式的差异造成了区域划分的差别,似可以通过野外实地生态类型的辨识来加以修订。     

中国土壤有效含水量分布

1IntroductionAvailable soil water capacity (ASWC) is the volume of soil water that should be available to plants. It is commonly estimated as the amount of water held between field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP) with corrections for salin…     

Delineation of boundary between tropical/subtropical in the middle section for eco-geographic system of South China

This paper discusses division on tropical/subtropical boundary of middle section in South China. This discussion results in new understanding on eco-geographic regions and their boundaries, especially on gradual changes of natural conditions between eco-geographic regions. It analyzes results of the same area by other researchers, clarifies differences and causes of the differences for the results. Boundaries of eco-geographic regions cannot be drawn as a line as changes from tropical to subtropical are gradual. Therefore, for an eco-geographic region like tropical zone, definite boundaries must be mapped while gradual changes are considered. Temperature, vegetation and soil are the indexes to divide tropical and subtropical. After indexes of tropical zone are confirmed, data of annual average index reflect general state of the tropical zone. Line from such data is called “tropical boundary”. On the other hand, affected by the monsoon climate, some years are hotter and some are cooler. In hotter years, temperature of north area of tropical boundary reaches tropical state whereas in cooler years, such area moves southward. Boundary of the hottest year is called annual tropical line and that of the coolest year true tropical line. Temperatures in areas south to annual tropical line can probably reach tropical in some years. Temperatures in areas south to real tropical line reach tropical every year. The area from true tropical to annual tropical is called tropical fluctuating zone. Therefore, new concepts of tropical, annual tropical, true tropical and tropical fluctuating zone are formed to understand tropical area from a new point of view in the paper. Based on the indexes of climate, vegetation and soil, boundaries of tropical, annual tropical, true tropical and tropical fluctuating zone of the study area are established. The tropical fluctuating zone explains different locating of different researchers. The paper also puts forward a new method to display boundary for eco-geographic regions.     

青藏高原土壤区划

提出了青藏高原土壤区划的原则和土壤区划单位（土壤地带－土区）系统及新的区划方案，并简述了各土壤地带与代表性土区的成土环境特点、土地利用方向及代表性的山地土壤垂直带谱。     

基于可拓工程方法的生态地理区域系统界线划分研究--以中温带半湿润、半干旱区为例

利用可拓工程方法中的物元模型对生态地理区域系统的界线划分问题进行了研究，通过选取样本和指标对单指标关联函数和多指标综合关联函数进行了定量计算。在此基础上，通过专家集成确定了中国中温带半湿润、半干旱区之间的界线，弥补了单指标和定性划分的不足，有助于中国生态地理区域系统的构建。