“天绘一号”卫星在轨辐射定标方法

在轨辐射定标包括相对辐射定标和绝对辐射定标, 它是提高遥感数据定量化精度的关键步骤和重要方法。本文阐述了基于均匀场地分区综合的相对辐射定标方法、基于反照率的绝对辐射定标方法及其基本原理, 并首次将其应用于“天绘一号”卫星上的高分辨、多光谱和三线阵相机的辐射定标中。研究结果表明, 相对辐射定标过程去除了卫星图像的条带噪声, 且保存了图像细节;然后, 使用反照率基法, 通过在敦煌场地铺设灰阶靶标, 测量卫星过顶时的地物目标反射率光谱和大气信息, 对“天绘一号”卫星传感器进行了绝对辐射定标;最后, 使用辐射定标结果来反演地物反射率, 与实测的地物反射率相比误差小于5%, 验证了在轨辐射定标系数的有效性。     

基于准不变目标物下CBERS-02星CCD图像的交叉定标

提出了一种基于准不变反射率地物的交叉定标方法,首先用MODTRAN模式从已知定标系数的影像中反演出反射率,然后计算出对应未知定标系数影像中相同准不变地物的辐射率,最后求出定标系数.将这种方法应用于CBERS-02卫星CCD影像定标,并用6S模式对CBERS-02和ETM+影像进行大气校正,比较用不同定标系数校正后的地物光谱曲线,得出在高反射率地物下,不同定标系数校正后的地物光谱曲线与ETM+的基本一致;低反射率地物下,单点定标系数误差较大,两点定标系数误差较小,用两点定标系数进行大气校正后植被信息得到明显增强.     

MODIS辐照度法定标试验研究

利用内蒙古二连浩特实验场对Terra卫星MODIS传感器开展辐照度基定标方法研究。定标结果表明,辐照度法定标系数和MODIS的星上定标、反射率基法定标系数非常接近,相对差异3.3%,证明辐照度基定标方法正确。定标系数之间的差异说明,漫射辐射与总辐射辐照度比测量的精度对辐照度法结果影响很关键。不同气溶胶模式下得到的结果说明辐照度法可以减小因气溶胶模式的假设产生的误差。     

CBERS-02 CCD和SPOT-4 HRVIR1两个传感器的敦煌场地在轨绝对辐射定标及对比分析

中国资源卫星应用中心于2005年8月，利用敦煌场地分别对CBERS-02CCD和SPOT-4 HRVIR1两个传感器进行在轨绝对辐射定标。本文对此次地面同步测量数据进行了处理分析，基于反射率法计算出了CBERS-02CCD和SPOT-4HRVIR1两个传感器各波段的定标系数。其中，SPOT-4HRVIR1的定标结果与法国官方8月份提供的定标系数相比，差异在6％内，满足法方对绝对辐射定标精度的要求。此外，应用定标系数分别将两个传感器的图像数据反演成地表反射率图像，对它们进行了对比分析。     

TM传感器辐射定标参数精度分析

以2007年4月26日北京地区TM图像为例,对美国地质调查局(USGS)和中国遥感卫星地面站(RSGS)提供的传感器辐射定标参数进行精度评价。首先,根据不同来源的辐射定标参数,采用对应的定标系数计算公式得到相应的定标系数,采用不同的定标系数分别对DN值进行反演,得到不同辐射定标参数下的表观辐亮度数据;然后,将两种表观辐亮度反演结果输入FLAASH大气校正模型,反演图像获取时的气象视距和地表反射率;最后,通过同步气溶胶观测数据和高分辨率遥感影像对所反演的气象视距和地表反射率分类精度进行评价,得到传感器定标参数精度评价结果。研究表明:USGS提供的辐射定标参数能更为精确地反映TM传感器的辐射特征。     

CBERS02B 卫星CCD 相机在轨辐射定标\n与真实性检验

利用贡格尔实验场对CBERS02B卫星进行场地反射率基法辐射定标, 获得CCD相机可见近红外波段的绝对辐射定标系数, 利用敦煌实验场对定标系数进行了真实性检验。结果表明: 此次定标结果和测量值非常吻合, 定标系数可信度高。     

CBERS02B卫星CCD相机在轨辐射定标与真实性检验

利用贡格尔实验场对CBERS02B卫星进行场地反射率基法辐射定标,获得CCD相机可见近红外波段的绝对辐射定标系数,利用敦煌实验场对定标系数进行了真实性检验。结果表明:此次定标结果和测量值非常吻合,定标系数可信度高。     

采用辐照度基法对FY-1C气象卫星可见近红外通道进行绝对辐射定标

介绍另一种在轨卫星传感器绝对辐射定标——辐照度基法定标,并利用敦煌辐射校正场对FY-1C卫星可见近红外通道进行定标。通常的反射率基法定标,表观反射率计算的一个重要误差来源是对气溶胶散射的近似计算。辐照度基法定标采用实际测量的漫射与总辐射比来代替辐射传输计算的气溶胶散射。利用该方法对FY-1C卫星的5次定标结果表明,大部分日期辐照度基法和反射率基法定标结果非常吻合,肯定了辐照度基法的正确性,但在气溶胶含量较大时,辐照度基法提高定标精度的优点显现出来,能够减少辐射传输模式对气溶胶散射计算带来的误差,提高最终的绝对辐射定标精度。     

CBERS-02 WFI的辐射交叉定标及其对植被指数的作用

本文以MODIS作为参考传感器，对CBERS-02星上的WFI传感器进行辐射交叉定标，得到WFI两个波段TOA辐亮度、表观反射率的增益与计数值偏移量，两个波段的计数值偏移量分别为42和21个DN左右。利用定标结果计算图像上另一均匀区的表观反射率。与MODIS反演的表观反射率比较验证。WFI与MODIS第1波段的表观反射率相差3．6％，第2波段相差-3．6％。检验结果说明，本文得到辐射交叉定标系数的精度能满足定量化应用的要求。为了说明辐射定标对植被指数的影响，本文选择5个实验区，比较分析了实验区图像辐射定标前后的NDVI。当WFI的DN值扣除定标得到的数字计数值偏移量后，DN值的NDVI与表观反射率的二次非线性拟合度可达99％。另外。WFI辐射定标前后的NDVI、RVI与MODIS反演的NDVI、RVI的比较分析说明，WFI辐射定标后表观反射率值的植被指数与MODI反演植被指数较接近，而且两个传感器RVI的差异小于NDVI的差异。     

敦煌场地CBERS-02 CCD传感器在轨绝对辐射定标研究

对资源一号卫星02星（CBERS-02）,为深入其定量化分析,定期在敦煌绝对辐射校正场地进行了地面同步测量,开展了更新在轨绝对辐射定标研究。另外,运用地表反射率和大气光学特性参量数据,计算出CBERS-02CCD传感器4个波段的绝对辐射标定系数。同时,利用2004年8月25目的Landsat-5 TM图像数据对CBERS-02 CCD传感器的辐射特性进行交叉定标,验证分析了CBERS-02 CCD传感器场地绝对辐射定标的基本特性及其可靠性。另外,为CBERS后续星的传感器改进,提供了分析参量。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。