Simultaneous inversion of velocity distribution and interface positions

Ｓｉｍｕｌｔａｎｅｏｕｓｉｎｖｅｒｓｉｏｎｏｆｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕ┐ｔｉｏｎａｎｄｉｎｔｅｒｆａｃｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｓＳＯＮＧ－ＬＩＮＬＩ１）（李松林）ＮＩＮＧ－ＹＵＡＮＷＵ２）（吴宁远）ＺＨＡＮ－ＬＯＮＧＳＯＮＧ１）（宋占隆）ＪＩＮ－...     

A new method for dynamic inversion of anisotropic equations

ＡｎｅｗｍｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒｄｙｎａｍｉｃｉｎｖｅｒｓｉｏｎｏｆａｎｉｓｏｔｒｏｐｉｃｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓＤＩＮＧ－ＨＵＩＹＡＮＧ１）（杨顶辉）ＪＩ－ＷＥＮＴＥＮＧ２）（滕吉文）ＺＨＯＮＧ－ＪＩＥＺＨＡＮＧ２）（张中杰）１）ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅ...     

An experimental study on fractural features of concrete samples containing hard inclusion

ＡｎｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｆｒａｃｔｕｒａｌｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓｏｆｃｏｎｃｒｅｔｅｓａｍｐｌｅｓｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇｈａｒｄｉｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎＺＨＡＯＹＯＮＧＸＵ（许昭永）１）ＢＩＮＷＡＮＧ（王彬）１）ＪＩＮＭＩＮＧＺＨＡＯ（赵晋...     

Research Note

Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅｉｎｄｉｃｅｓｏｆｅａｒｌｙｊｕｄｇｅｍｅｎｔｆｏｒｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｔｙｐｅｂｙｐａｔｅｒｎｒｅｃｏｇｎｉ┐ｔｉｏｎＣＵＩ－ＹＩＮＧＺＨＯＵ１）（周翠英），ＹＵ－ＸＩＡＺＨＡＮＧ２）（张宇霞），ＨＯＮＧ...     

Research on inversion of average stress field by genetic algorithms

ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｉｎｖｅｒｓｉｏｎｏｆａｖｅｒａｇｅｓｔｒｅｓｆｉｅｌｄｂｙｇｅｎｅｔｉｃａｌｇｏｒｉｔｈｍｓＸＩＮＧ－ＸＩＮＤＵ（杜兴信）ＨＵＩ－ＬＩＮＧＺＨＡＮＧ（张惠玲）ＸＩＵ－ＬＩＮＧＬＵ（鲁秀玲）ＣＨＵＮ－ＳＨＥＮＧＺＨＡＮＧ（张春生...     

Deformation datum in source mechanism inversion

ＤｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｄａｔｕｍｉｎｓｏｕｒｃｅｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｉｎｖｅｒｓｉｏｎＳＨＯＵ－ＷＥＮＧＯＮＧ（巩守文，ＱＩＮＧ－ＬＩＡＮＧＷＡＮＧ（王庆良），ＹＩ－ＱＩＮＧＺＨＵ（祝意青）ａｎｄＢＩＮＧＣＨＥＮ（陈兵）（ＳｅｃｏｎｄＣｒｕｓｔａｌＤｅ...     

Analternatealgorithmofnumericalsimulationinanisotropicmedia

ＡｎａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｅａｌｇｏｒｉｔｈｍｏｆｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｉｎａｎｉｓｏｔｒｏｐｉｃｍｅｄｉａＤＩＮＧ－ＨＵＩＹＡＮＧ（杨顶辉），ＪＩ－ＷＥＮＴＥＮＧ（滕吉文）ａｎｄＺＨＯＮＧ－ＪＩＥＺＨＡＮＧ（张中杰）Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏ...     

Some geologic signatures of fault creep in the continental area of China

ＳｏｍｅｇｅｏｌｏｇｉｃｓｉｇｎａｔｕｒｅｓｏｆｆａｕｌｔｃｒｅｐｉｎｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔａｌａｒｅａｏｆＣｈｉｎａＨＯＮＧＦＡＸＩＡＮＧ（向宏发）ＳＨＵＮＭＩＮＧＵＯ（虢顺民）ＷＡＮＸＩＡＺＨＡＮＧ（张晚霞）ＢＩＮＧＬＩＡＮＧＺＨＡＮ...     

Influence of geostatic stresses on permeability of jointed rock masses

Ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｏｆｇｅｏｓｔａｔｉｃｓｔｒｅｓｅｓｏｎｐｅｒｍｅａｂｉｌｉ┐ｔｙｏｆｊｏｉｎｔｅｄｒｏｃｋｍａｓｅｓＣＵＡＮＧ－ＢＢＩＮＧＺＨＯＵ（周创兵）ａｎｄＷＥＮ－ＬＩＮＸＩＯＮＧ（熊文林）ＷｕｈａｎＵｎｉｕｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＨｙｄｒａｕｌ...     

Crustal structure and accurate hypocenter determination along the Longmenshan fault zone

Ｃｒｕｓｔａｌｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄａｃｃｕｒａｔｅｈｙｐｏｃｅｎｔｅｒｄｅ┐ｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｏｎｇｔｈｅＬｏｎｇｍｅｎｓｈａｎｆａｕｌｔｚｏｎｅＺＨＵＺＨＡＯ１）（赵珠）ＪＵＮＦＡＮ１）（范军）ＳＩ－ＨＵＡＺＨＥＮＧ２）（郑斯华）ＡＫ...     

TheQ value variations in the preparing process of rock rupture

In this paper, the "spectral amplitude ratio method" (SAR), "energy method" (EN) and "coda wave method" (CW) are used to calculate theQ value variations of gneiss in the preparing rupture process. The obtained results show that the variation state ofQ values by SAR features the shape of relative stability—gradual increment to the maximum—then decrement and final rupture. The variation state ofQ values by EN is just contrary to that by SAR, i. e. with the shape of stability—decrement—increment—and final rupture. The varation state ofQ values by CW is similar to that by EN, its main frequency features the shape of relatively high value—decrement to the minimum—increment—and final rupture. But to the high frequency (higher than the main frequency), the variation state ofQ values features the shape of the stable value-increment to the maximum-decrement-and final rupture. At the same time, the results by coda wave amplitude spectrum show that, when stress reaches 70% of rupture stress, the high frequency component of S wave rapidly reduces (Q _c increasing); at the time of impending the main rupture, the main frequency component reduces with a large scale (Q _c increasing again), this may be the reason which causes the different variation states of two codaQ values. The result of amplitude spectra of P, S (initial wave) waves also show that with the appearance of microcracks the frequency band of S wave turn to be narrow, the high frequency component is reduced quickly, i. e. the S wave spectra have different variation states with different frequency components. That is why theQ _s obtained by different methods have different variation characteristics.     

The Q value variations in the preparing process of rock rupture

In this paper, the "spectral amplitude ratio method" (SAR), "energy method" (EN) and "coda wave method" (CW) are used to calculate theQ value variations of gneiss in the preparing rupture process. The obtained results show that the variation state ofQ values by SAR features the shape of relative stability—gradual increment to the maximum—then decrement and final rupture. The variation state ofQ values by EN is just contrary to that by SAR, i. e. with the shape of stability—decrement—increment—and final rupture. The varation state ofQ values by CW is similar to that by EN, its main frequency features the shape of relatively high value—decrement to the minimum—increment—and final rupture. But to the high frequency (higher than the main frequency), the variation state ofQ values features the shape of the stable value-increment to the maximum-decrement-and final rupture. At the same time, the results by coda wave amplitude spectrum show that, when stress reaches 70% of rupture stress, the high frequency component of S wave rapidly reduces (Q _c increasing); at the time of impending the main rupture, the main frequency component reduces with a large scale (Q _c increasing again), this may be the reason which causes the different variation states of two codaQ values. The result of amplitude spectra of P, S (initial wave) waves also show that with the appearance of microcracks the frequency band of S wave turn to be narrow, the high frequency component is reduced quickly, i. e. the S wave spectra have different variation states with different frequency components. That is why theQ _s obtained by different methods have different variation characteristics.     

在真三轴压缩条件下片麻岩破裂孕育过程中弹性波的特征变化

片麻岩在真三轴压缩至主破裂的孕育过程中，沿σ３方向（与主破裂面斜交）的弹性波有显著的特征变化；Ｐ波、Ｓ波的初至波走时变化呈现略高～平稳～高值～（回降）的形式，走时比呈现平稳～低值～回升的变化特征。振幅呈现低值～平稳高值～下降～（低值）变化形态，振幅比呈现相对稳定～甚高值～回降变化形态。波列振幅衰减系数呈现稳定值～低值～回升变化形态。微裂隙的开闭和Ｐ，Ｓ波的非同步变化及相对变化量的不同是上述特征变化的主要原因     

多种岩石的Qp,Qs,Qc

本采用脉冲传播谱振幅比法、能量法、尾波法分别测多种岩样的Ｐ波Ｑ值、Ｓ波Ｑ值及尾波Ｑ值。结果表明，能量法所得Ｑｐ、Ｑｓ较小。谱振幅比法所得Ｑｐ一般居中，Ｑｓ较大。尾波Ｑｃ有的偏大，有的偏小。     

腾冲火山区剪切波和尾波衰减初步研究

用云南腾冲火山地区观测的地震数字化记录进行了尾波和剪切波的衰减测量。用AkiandChouet和Sato单次散射模型获得 5 2秒和 18秒流逝时间尾波的品质因子分别为Qc (f) =5 7×f- 0 94和Qc (f) =2 6×f- 0 95 ,表明地壳上部和地壳上地幔的地震波衰减频率变化率一致。两者均未显示出活火山地区尾波衰减的异常特征。尾波掠过空间椭球的平均半轴 ,前者约为 80km ,大大超出了腾冲火山分布的地理范围 ,后者约为 30km ,在腾冲火山分布的地理范围之内。用尾波规一双台S波振幅比法进一步缩小所用地震波掠过的空间 ,最后获得了S波随频率的衰减有类似于前人报导的活火山地区尾波频率衰减的特征 :相对于低频 (1 5～ 6Hz) ,高频 (6～2 0Hz)的Q- 1s 变化很小。从地表位置看 ,腾冲最年青的全新世的马鞍山和老龟坡火山就在S波掠过范围内 ,打鹰山火山也在近旁。这一结果表明在这三座火山体之下存在低速高衰减体。火山或处于休眠状态 ,或在消亡过程之中。     

大震前后尾波Q值变化的又一震例／

本文根据Ａｋｉ的尾波散射理论，利用澜沧—耿马７．６、７．２级大震前后近１２年的时间，对大震区域及外围的７个地震台３０００多张地震记录图的尾波进行了测量，计算出尾波Ｑ值随时间的变化。结果表明：澜沧、耿马大震前有３～５年左右的低Ｑ值异常；在大震前一年左右，Ｑ值处于回升阶段；大震后多数台Ｑ值明显增大。在对两次大震震中和两次强震震中的不同距离的台站测出的Ｑ值，确实存在主震前低Ｑ值或高Ｑ值，主震后高Ｑ值或低Ｑ值的两种相互矛盾的现象。并得出地震强度与Ｑ值异常幅度无关，与Ｑ值异常的持续时间成正比。     

Lateral variations of coda Q and attenuation of seismic waves in Southwest Anatolia

The seismic quality factor (Q _c) and the attenuation coefficient (δ) in the earth’s crust in southwest (SW) Anatolia are estimated by using the coda wave method based on the decrease of coda wave amplitude by time on the seismogram. The quality factor Q _o, the value of Q _c at 1 Hz, and its frequency dependency η are determined from this method depending on the attenuation properties of scattered coda waves. δ is determined from the observations of amplitude variations of seismic waves. In applying the coda wave method, firstly, a type curve representing the average pattern of the individual coda decay curves for 0.75, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, and 24.0 Hz values was estimated. Secondly, lateral variation of coda Q and the attenuation coefficients for three main tectonic patterns are estimated. The shape of the type curve is controlled by the scattering and attenuation in the crustal volume sampled by the coda waves. The Q _o and η values vary from 30 to 180 and from 0.55 to 1.25, respectively for SW Anatolia. In SW Anatolia, coda Q–f relation is described by and δ = 0.008 km⁻¹. These results are expected to help in understanding the degree of tectonic complexity of the crust in SW Anatolia.     

利用地方震尾波估测新丰江库区的Q值

本文根据AKi单次逆向散射的尾波理论,应用Herrmann等人推广了的尾波理论模式,并假设Q与频率相关,计算了58-1,63-B和DSL-1三种短周期地震仪的尾波优势频率、尾波形状和尾波斜率作为t*函数的理论曲线,并利用库区四个台58-1仪器记录的新丰江库区的地震资料,用S-t*和C-t*两种方法,估算了新丰江水库区频率约为1.0Hz短周期波的地壳Q0值,得到Q0值在170——300之间,平均为23038;频率相关系数为0.0——0.2。Q0的平面分布表明,近坝峡谷区具有最低的Q0值。与其他地区对比后认为,库区属于地质构造相对稳定的地区。 文中还对尾波Q值的估测方法等若干问题进行了讨论。      

宁夏中北部区域尾波Qem>值特性研究

在前人研究的基础上,本文在进行近震尾波Q值研究时,提出了用采样深度反应流逝时间对Q值影响的方法,同时对地震尾波的频率和采样深度依赖特性进行了探讨．通过对宁夏银川遥测台网数字化记录的分析表明:地震尾波Q值不仅对频率有着强烈的依赖性,对采样深度的依赖性也不可忽视;通常地震尾波Q值依赖特性公式Q＝Q0 f 0 中的参数Q0和n与采样深度关系密切,当采样深度增加时,Q0明显升高,n则降低,并可用线性关系进行拟合．本文对此特征进行了解释．因地震尾波产生机制比较复杂,此特征是否普遍存在,尚待更多的研究证实．      

单裂缝不同传播方向Krauklis波振幅变化的实验研究

裂缝广泛分布于地壳岩石中并具有多尺度的特点,研究地震波在裂缝介质中的传播规律具有重要的科学意义和应用价值.含流体的裂缝中传播的Krauklis波(也曾被称为慢流体波、裂缝波、斯通利导波等)近年来逐渐成为地球物理学界的研究热点之一.本研究利用地震物理模型技术研究横波在单裂缝样品中传播时随传播方向变化的响应特征,在实验室用环氧树脂为基质构建模型样品,一个为不含裂缝的参考样品,一个为含直径30 mm、厚度0.2 mm的薄币状单裂缝的模型,利用0.5 MHz换能器测试了横波在模型中传播时透射信号的特征.实验结果显示在单裂缝样品中透射横波发生了波形的畸变和振幅降低,振幅谱显示透射信号的主频明显降低,在初至横波之后为具有一定能量的尾波.对尾波进行时频分析,发现在方位角较小时尾波能量较弱而方位角较大时尾波能量较强,尾波中信号的主频在0.1 MHz左右,与前人理论和实验研究结果一致.