一个非均匀破裂圆盘模式的远场位移解

本文给出了一个非均匀破裂圆盘模式P波远场位移解的解析算式,并计算了包括介质与仪器影响在内的空间幅射特征。据此,指出了在利用P波初动资料测定介质和震源参数以及在震源机制求解中值得注意的几个问题。     

半无限空间内力源作用下的体积形变量空间分布

本文在前人工作基础上求得半无限空间内力源作用下的体积形变量空间分布解答,并给出某些情况下自由面上体积形变量等值线分布图案。     

九江-瑞昌地震震源机制和应力场特征

利用九江-瑞昌5.7级地震后震区地震波形资料，采用Snoke发展的基于P波、SV波、SH波初动和振幅比联合计算震源机制解的方法(FOCMEC)，分两个时段反演得到176个ML≥1.0地震的震源机制解。结果显示，MS5.7主震发震断层是在近EW向的区域应力场挤压作用下产生的带有逆断性质的左旋走滑断层，余震也以走滑型运动为主，NW向洋鸡山-武山-通江岭隐伏断裂为主震的发震构造。地震节面走向主要集中在NEE和NWW两个方向，与余震分布优势方向、震区构造大体一致。两个时段的震源机制解P轴优势方向均为近EW向，与主震P轴方向接近，也与江西北部地区的构造应力场分布特征相一致。应力场反演结果与震源机制参数统计结果整体一致，表现为近EW向挤压和近NS向拉张作用。     

非均匀地震破裂及其与地震序列之间的关系

本文介绍了非均匀地震破裂模式,在此基础上讨论了非均匀地震破裂与地震序列之间的关系及其在余震活动中的作用,提出了应用同震测量资料进行余震预报的可能性。     

风速切变线上重力惯性波的不稳定发展

本文采用P坐标系中的线性化方程组,讨论了切变线对重力惯性波和重力波不稳定发展条件的影响。     

深井水位固体潮的相位差问题

P.Melchior教授和蔡祖煌等先后指出,深井水位固体潮与引潮力位之间的相位差为180°。本文根据固体潮理论论述了深井水位固体潮的相位差,给出了京14井井水固体潮的相位差;O_1波,178°;M_2波,150°。文中还从井孔含水层系统对引潮位的非弹性响应出发,结合水文地质学,讨论了影响深井水位固体潮相位差的主要因索。结果表明,深井水位固体潮的相位差是由井孔含水层系统对引潮位的非弹性响应所致;它依赖于潮波频率、井孔半径、含水层厚度以及含水岩层的渗透率和储水率。最后,通过数值计算,模拟了井孔半径、含水层厚度和渗透率对井水固体潮相位差的影响。     

用边界元法模拟同震形变场

断层非均匀强度分布对地震的孕育、发生和迁移具有十分重要的作用。本文简要地阐述了边界元方法的基本原理,利用该方法模拟计算了断层非均匀强度分布的同震形变场,并就利用形变场观测资料探索断层带的强度分布展开了讨论。     

大兴安岭隆起北段最小一维速度模型反演和地震重新定位

使用2009-01-01～2017-03-30内蒙古地震台网和邻省台网记录的大兴安岭北段地区593个天然地震的3 848条P波到时数据，应用VELEST方法反演大兴安岭北段地壳一维P波速度模型、台站走时校正值和重新定位结果。联合反演获得的台站走时校正值反映了地壳速度的横向不均匀性及台站下方波速异常，大兴安岭北段东南侧速度高于西北侧；重新定位结果中，震中位置在空间上更加收敛；震源深度剖面图显示，大兴安岭北段西北侧震源深度较浅，东南侧较深，大兴安岭山脊区域震源深度分布下限较深。     

山东长岛海域震群精细速度结构成像研究

2017-02-14山东长岛地区出现比较集中的震群活动,后期在南侧海域又出现一系列的小震分布。本文通过双差层析成像方法重建长岛及附近海域地区的P波速度结构模型,揭示了长岛海域地震集中区及其周边区域的地壳构造特征。结果表明,南侧震群主要集中在大竹山岛-威海北断裂,与断层的走向一致;北侧震群也可能是NW向的隐伏断裂或者分支断裂。长岛南北震群附近海域的速度结构存在比较明显的速度差异,P波的速度结构横向差异比较明显,断裂带两侧介质的速度也具有明显的横向不均匀性,这也反映了高低速异常区断裂介质比较脆弱,属于应力集中释放的区域。     

夏季副热带波谱能量分析及南亚高压的维持

本文应用波数空间的能量方程、采用欧洲中心客观分析资料(ECMWF),讨论了1982年夏季副热带对流层上部的能量学特征,着重分析了南亚高压的维持。结果表明,副热带能量循环与热带不同,海陆不均匀加热对超长波动能的作用比较小。在纬向气流～波动相互作用中、绝大多数波都失去动能。通过波～波相互作用、超长波1～2波及短波11～16波向中间尺度传输能量。 南亚高压有效位能的主要来源是有效位能的垂直输送;动能的主要来源是气压梯度力的作功。南亚高压能量的主要耗散机制是通过非线性作用向尺度较短的波动传输。     

瑞雷面波勘探的过去、现在和未来

回顾了瑞雷面波勘探发展的历史,剖析了面波频散曲线正反演的进展及存在的问题,重点指出在石油和煤炭反射地震中,应从剔除面波转变为利用面波,并借助现有石油“大炮”反射地震资料中“有害的”瑞雷面波提取浅层地质结构信息,为反射地震静校正、近地表工程地质评价等提供物性参数,把反射地震的面波干扰变为对勘探十分有利的参数提取源,实现以强干扰面波为主要数据源的浅层结构探测,以促进瑞雷面波勘探技术的进一步发展。     

致密砂泥岩区气层的反射特征及识别

本文针对X地区含气砂岩与泥岩波阻抗差异不大、振幅变弱、视频率增高、波形分叉合并、断续和下拉等异常特征,采用综合识别的方法圈定了天然气储集体的范围,并对其应用效果进行了验证。     

Effect of Temperature on the Acoustic Reflection Characteristics of Seafloor Surface Sediments

Because the sound speeds of seawater and seafloor sediment both increase with temperature,the influence of tempera-ture on the bottom reflection characteristics of seafloor sediments needs to be investigated.Based on the calculation of the temperature-controlled experimental measurement data of typical seafloor surface sediment samples,the temperature-dependent acoustic characteristics,including acoustic impedance,acoustic impedance ratio between surface sediment and seawater,and reflection coefficient,were analyzed.The effective density fluid model was used to analyze and explain the reflection coefficient variation of surface sediments with temperature and predict the dispersion characteristics.Results show that the acoustic impedance of the seabed sediment increases with temperature,whereas the acoustic impedance ratio and acoustic reflection coefficient slightly decrease.The acoustic impedance,acoustic impedance ratio,and acoustic reflection coefficient of sandy,silty,and clayey sediments vary similarly with tem-perature variation.Moreover,the influence of temperature on these acoustic characteristics is independent of detection frequencies.     

Impacts of tropical cyclone inflow angle on ocean surface waves

The inflow angle of tropical cyclones(TC) is generally neglected in numerical studies of ocean surface waves induced by TC.In this study,the impacts of TC inflow angle on ocean surface waves were investigated using a high-resolution wave model.Six numerical experiments were conducted to examine,in detail,the effects of inflow angle on mean wave parameters and the spectrum of wave directions.A comparison of the waves simulated in these experiments shows that inflow angle significantly modifies TC-induced ocean surface waves.As the inflow angle increases,the asymmetric axis of the significant wave height(SWH) field shifts 30u clockwise,and the maximum SWH moves from the front-right to the rear-right quadrant.Inflow angle also affects other mean wave parameters,especially in the rear-left quadrant,such as the mean wave direction,the mean wavelength,and the peak direction.Inflow angle is a key factor in wave models for the reproduction of double-peak or multi-peak patterns in the spectrum of wave directions.Sensitivity experiments also show that the simulation with a 40u inflow angle is the closest to that of the NOAA statistical SLOSH inflow angle.This suggests that 40u can be used as the inflow angle in future TC-induced ocean surface wave simulations when SLOSH or observed inflow angles are not available.     

高速岩体反射地震探测中的数据采集与处理

为了调查内蒙古阿拉善某高放废物地质处置库预选场址中目标花岗岩体的空间展布、内部结构和边界接触关系,应用人工反射地震探测技术,采集数据并进行处理,获得了针对大型高速岩体的近地表速度剖面和地震反射波法成像剖面。针对崎岖地表工区近地表速度建模与层析静校正、强散射干扰波压制等问题,引进基于MSFM射线追踪算法的初至波旅行时层析反演与层析静校正技术、改进的矢量分解压噪方法等,并在常规高分辨反射地震数据处理流程的基础上形成了适合于高速岩体地震探测的精细数据处理流程。     

Sound propagation in two-axis underwater channel based on beam-displacement ray-mode theory

Sound propagation in a deep ocean two-axis underwater channel is often complex and difficult to simulate between surface channel and sound fixing and ranging (SOFAR) channel. The beam-displacement ray-mode (BDRM) theory is a normal mode method for propagation modeling in horizontally stratified shallow water. An improved method for computing the upper boundary reflection coefficient in the BDRM is proposed and applied to calculate the acoustic fields of a two-axis underwater channel. Transmission losses in the two-axis underwater channel are calculated in the new BDRM. The corresponding results are in good agreement with those from the Kraken code, and furthermore the computed speed of the new BDRM excels the other methods.     

Density Perturbation and Energy Flux of Internal Waves from Velocity Data

Internal waves play a crucial role in ocean mixing, and density perturbation and energy flux are essential quantities to investigate the generation and propagation of internal waves. This paper presents a methodology for calculating density perturbation and energy flux of internal waves only using a velocity field that is based on linearized equations for internal waves. The method was tested by numerical simulations of internal waves generated by tidal flowing over a Gaussian topography in a stratified fluid. The density perturbations and energy fluxes determined using our method that only used velocity data agreed with density perturbations and energy fluxes determined by the equation of state based on temperature data. The mean relative error (MRE) and root mean square error (RMSE) between the two methods were lower than 5% and 10% respectively. In addition, an experiment was performed to exam our method using the velocity field measured by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), and the setup of the experiment is consistent with the numerical model. The results of the experiments calculated by the methods using PIV data were also generally equal to those of the numerical model.     

基于中深层地震反射资料研究泰州断裂上地壳特征

采用大吨位可控震源激发和多次覆盖地震反射技术，跨泰州断裂完成一条长度14 km的中深地震反射剖面。结合研究区已有地质资料与获得的剖面反射波组特征，建立沿测线第四系至古生界的精细地层框架，同时对泰州断裂及其两侧的构造形态、断裂切割深度、构造组合样式等进行研究。结果表明，该区上地壳存在多个反射能量较强的界面，其中的古潜山面与结晶基底顶界面TG是本区上地壳结构中两个重要的结构面。泰州断裂总体表现为由2条断层组成的断裂构造带，其上部错断第四系底界面，向下错断新近系、古近系等多套沉积层和结晶基底，对该区隆起和凹陷的形成和地层沉积具有重要的控制作用。     

用线性规划法求解瞬变电磁场反射系数

讨论了在水平层状介质中的反射系数的物理意义 ,推出时间域含有以反射系数序列为未知项的欠定方程组 ,提出用线性规划法求解瞬变电磁场反射系数序列 ,并给出求解思路和程序框图。对两个理论模型进行了处理 ,计算出了其反射系数。算例分析结果表明 ,算法可靠 ,程序可行。这一方法可用于瞬变电磁成像数值计算中。     

Application of Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration in rugged seabed

Strong fluctuation of seabed, abrupt variation in depth and dip of seabed bring seismic imaging problems, such as irregular reflection waves, obvious multiple waves, serious lateral wave development, poor imaging on base surface and depression structure, low signal-to-noise ratio of middle and deep layers. In this paper, Gaussian beam migration imaging method is used to analyze the imaging effect of rugged seabed in deep water area, and the ray tracing method of wavefront construction method is used to analyze the kinematic characteristics of seismic waves. By improving the design of seismic data acquisition and observation system, imaging quality of fine structures is improved.