中国南海水螅水母纲(刺胞动物门)分类研究Ⅳ:高手水母科(花水母亚纲)

本文复查了中国南海丝螅水母目高手水母科的所有属，解决了该科和一些属、种存在的分类问题，并给予更新的鉴别。以前，无手单肢水母Nubiella atentaculata Xu and Huang，2004包含在单肢水母属内，现变换为拟单肢水母新属Paranubiella n.gen.，隶属于高手水母科内，原无手单肢水母新组合为无手拟单肢水母Paranubiella atentaculata（Xu and Huang，2004） n.comb.。本文记述了二个新种：南海拟单肢水母，新种Paranubiella nanhaiensis sp.nov.和无突单肢水母，新种N.apapillaris sp.nov.。此外编制了高手水母科已知属和单肢水母属已知种的检索表，总结了中国南海高手水母科已知种名录。模式标本保存于国家海洋局第三海洋研究所。     

中国南海中南部花水母亚纲一新属四新种记述

本文描述了采自中国南海中南部花水母亚纲一新属四新种：南海宽管水母，新属、新种Laticanna nanhaiensis gen.nov. et sp.nov.，芽拟原帽水母，新种Protiaropsis gemmifera sp.nov.，南海潜水母，新种Merga nanhaiensis sp.nov.和顶室无球水母，新种Rhabdoon apiciloculus sp.nov.。编制了深帽水母科已知属分属检索表和拟帽水母属、潜水母属以及无球水母属已知种分种检索表。模式标本保存于中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所。     

中国南海中西部水域单肢水母属二新种(花水母亚纲,丝螅水母目,高手水母科)

为进一步丰富水螅水母的多样性记录,同时为海洋生物学和生物海洋学研究提供水母分类学资料,本文对2011年9月采自南海中西部水域的2个疑似水母新种进行了详细研究,通过显微观察、绘图和分类学特征分析,并与其它相似种类进行比较,确定其为2个新种,隶属于花水母亚纲(Anthomedusae Haeckel)、丝螅水母目(Filifera Kühn)、高手水母科(Bougainvillidae Lütken)、单肢水母属(Nubiella Bouillon,1980),将其分别命名为锥形单肢水母(N.conica Li,Huang et Liu.sp.nov.)和半球单肢水母(N.hemisphaerica Li,Lin et Chen,sp.nov.)。模式标本保存于中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院。     

中国真囊水母属三个新种记述 水螅虫纲 花水母目 棒状水母科

中国海域水螅虫纲(Hydrozoae),花水母目(Anthmedusae),棒状水母科(Corymorphidae)的真囊水母属(Euphysora)经研究有3个新种:褐色真囊水母(Euphysora brunnescentis sp.nov.)、刺胞真囊水母(Euphysora knides sp.nov.)和硬手真囊水母(Euphysora solidonema sp.nov.),对此予以详细的描述报道.模式标本保存于厦门大学海洋系.     

中国东南沿海和平水母科二新种

报道中国东南沿海和平水母科2新种,即八辐和平水母Eireneoctonemalis sp.nov.和黑疣真瘤水母Eutimakrampi sp.nov.。     

黄东海刺尖锥虫属(多毛纲,锥头虫科)一新种

本文描述了于1959年采自中国黄海和东海锥头虫科刺尖锥虫属一新种——中国刺尖锥虫Leodamas sinensis sp.nov.。本文详细描述了该物种的形态特征及与近似种的区别，并编制了刺尖锥虫属Leodamas Kinberg，1866物种检索表。     

湛江湾和平水母属2新种(软水母亚纲,锥螅水母目,和平水母科)

采自广东湛江湾海域软水母亚纲(Leptomedusae Claus,1877)、锥螅水母目(Conica Broch，1916)、和平水母科(Eirenidae Haeckel, 1879)、和平水母属(Eirene Eschscholtz，1829) 2新种，即大腺和平水母新种(E. macrogonia Huang, Sun et Liu，sp. nov.)和湛江和平水母新种(E. zhanjiangensis Huang, Zhang et Zao, sp. nov.)。其鉴别特征如下:(1)大腺和平水母，新种；伞扁于半球形，胶质中等厚；胃柄基部塔状，胃柄较长，伸出伞腔口外；垂管长度短于口唇，4个发达口唇边缘呈齿状皱褶；生殖腺发达波状弯曲，着生于辐管下伞部，从胃柄基部延伸到伞缘外；19～24条缘触手，5～8个缘疣，触手基部呈球状，无排泄乳突；每2条触手间或触手和缘疣间有1个平衡囊，每个平衡囊有1～2个平衡石；4条辐管，1条环管。(2)湛江和平水母，新种；伞半球形，胶质厚；胃柄基部呈塔形，末端变窄；垂管较长，约等于口唇长度，口唇边缘有齿状皱褶；生殖腺带状，从胃柄基部延伸至近伞缘；缘触手多，70～125条，触手基球有排泄乳突；平衡囊数目约为触手数的1/2；4条辐管，1条环管。     

中国短毛藻属Elachista(褐藻门)的分类学研究I.两个新种

本文对我国沿海岸采集的褐藻门（Phaeopyta）短毛藻科（Elachistaceae）短毛藻属（Elachista Duby）海藻进行了分类学研究。发现2个新种，即长海短毛藻E.changhaiensis Luan et Ding sp.nov.和暗色短毛藻E.fusca Luan et Ding sp.nov.。文中对此2个种的形态特征进行了较详细的特征描述，并对新种提供了相应的英语特征描述，以及较完整的其他分类学信息，与相似种进行了比较。长海短毛藻藻体黄褐色，长同化丝直径7~22 μm，多室囊长95~150 μm，由23~38个小室组成；短同化丝长200~350 μm，由11~24个细胞组成。暗色短毛藻藻体暗褐色，长同化丝直径8~14 μm，多室囊分枝，长75~150 μm，由27~39个小室组成；短同化丝着生于长同化丝的基部，长0.13~0.33 mm，由5~13个细胞组成。模式标本保存在中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生物标本馆（AST）。     

中国近海玉蟹科两新种

本文报道采自我国近海的玉蟹科Leucosiidae 两新种：尖齿拳蟹(新种) Philyra acutidens sp.nov. 及假珍珠玉蟹(新种) Leucosia pseudomargaritata sp. nov.。新种的模式标本保存于中国科学院海洋研究所(青岛)。拳蟹属Philyra及玉蟹属Leucosia系玉蟹科中种类较多的两个属，我们收藏上述两新种的标本数量较多，前一新种产于渤海、黄海及东海北部，后一新种产于南海，尤以北部湾数量较多；它们与亲缘种十分相似，甚至容易造成误定。本文除详细描述新种特征外，还与近似种作了详细比较。     

长江口及其邻近海域水螅水母纲新种和新记录记述

长江口及其邻近海域水螅水母纲有49种,隶属于26科,34属,其中有2个新种:瓣高手水母(Bougainvillia lamellata n.sp.)、单管玛拉水母(Malagazzia monocanalis n.sp.)和2种我国新记录:橙黄高手水母(Bougainvillia aurantiaca Bouillon,1980)、玫瑰太阳水母[Solmaris rhodolma(Brandt,1838)],此外,我国记载的束状高手水母[Bougainvillia ramosa(van Beneden,1844)]订正为鳞茎高手水母(B.muscus(Allman,1863)).     

Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from the South China Sea Ⅴ: Families Laodiceidae,Lovenellidae,Malagazziidae,and Mitrocomidae (Leptomedusae)

This study reviews all species belonging to the families Laodiceidae,Lovenellidae,Malagazziidae,and Mitrocomidae in the South China Sea.Two new species,Eucheilota carinata sp.nov.and Halopsis nanhaiensis sp.nov.,are described and illustrated.One genus,Staurostoma,and two species,Staurostoma sp.and Octophialucium aphrodite(Bigelow,1928),are first recorded in China seas.The key to all medusa genera and species of Lovenellidae and Malagazziidae are presented.Other data are briefly summarized to the list and distribution of species presented on the family Laodiceidae,Lovenellidae,Malagazziidae and Mitrocomidae in the South China Sea.The type specimens are deposited in the Third Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration,China.     

中国东南沿海小头虫科(环节动物:多毛类)一新种

中蚓虫是小头虫科较为常见的属，中国海区的样品过去常被鉴定为加洲中蚓虫Mediomastus californiensis Hartman。本研究中，来自东南沿海四个不同海区的118条中蚓虫样品被鉴定为一个新的种类，在此给出具体描述。这个新种具有如下特征：（1）第1至9刚节表皮双环型，刚毛束位于体节中间位置，而后的刚节多环型，刚毛束位于体节后半部；（2）后腹区具有疣足突起；（3）前4个胸刚节仅具双羽型翅毛状刚毛，其它体节仅具巾钩刚毛；（4）胸区巾钩刚毛的柄长且直，巾长为宽的3至5倍；（5）腹区巾钩刚毛不同于胸区，较短且具收缩部；（6）甲基绿染色模式独特。这个研究表明了中国海区的中蚓虫可能被误鉴定为加洲中蚓虫，而这个新种M.chinensis sp.nov.在东南沿海广为分布。     

Five <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncaea</Emphasis> species (Copepoda,Poecilostomatoida, Oncaeidae) from the Korean waters,with notes on the spatio-temporal distribution of Korean oncaeid species

Five Oncaea species were recorded on the basis of specimens collected using three type nets from the South Sea and the East Sea of Korea. These included the clevei-group of one species (O. clevei) and the venusta-group of four species (O. media, O. mediterranea, O. scottodicarloi, O. waldemari). The former has a dorsoposterior projection on the second pedigerous somite, while the latter do not bear any dorsal projection on the somite. Also, their spatio-temporal distribution are discussed in relation to temperature-salinity.     

中国南麂列岛产海洋底栖硅藻新种-南麂侧链藻(Pleurosira nanjiensis sp. nov.)的形态与分子系统学研究

本文描述了采自南麂列岛小柴屿岩相潮间带的一海洋底栖硅藻新种，南麂侧链藻（Pleurosira nanjiensis sp.nov.）。本研究使用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对该种进行了形态学观察，并基于SSU rRNA和rbcL基因重建了其系统发育关系。南麂侧链藻具有壳面橄榄形、椭圆形或圆形，壳面隆起，单眼突出于壳表面，2–3个唇状突（rimportulae），放射排列的线纹等特征，区别于其他侧链藻。     

A Baseline Assessment of Coral Reef in Malacca Straits,Malaysia

Coral reefs along the Malacca Straits (MS) are poorly developed mainly due to turbidity and sedimentation. This study describes the health status and community structure of the corals in Cape Rachado, West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia (WCPM), utilizing the Coral Video Transect (CVT) technique. All the survey transects were categorized as ‘fair’ coral conditions (27.39 ± 5.41%–48.56 ± 18.96%) with the reef floor mainly covered by corals and sediment. Twelve families of coral comprised of 25 distinct genera were identified. Coral communities were differentiated into four clusters with each being predominated by Galaxea, Diploastrea, Fungia and Pectinia respectively. Among all, Pectinia is the most spectacular genera and dominated the survey area. Along the MS, Favia, Favites and Porites are commonly found while Porites and Pectinia dominated the reefs. Low coral cover and diversity was recorded in MS as compared to the reefs in the South China Sea (SCS). The most prominent results include changes in the dominant coral from Porites to Pectinia while some species such as Acropora were absent from the study area. Based on the presented data, the reef in the study area was predominantly occupied by sediment and the coral communities were formed by a species with a high tolerance to turbidity and sedimentation.     

On four closely related hypotrichous ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Spirotrichea): molecular characters, interspecific relationships and phylogeny defined with multigene sequence information

In order to clarify the phylogeny and relationships of the most confused hypotrichous ciliates, Holosticha-complex, four closely related holostichids (five populations), Holosticha bradburyae, H. diademata, Anteholosticha sp., and A. manca, were compared and analyzed using ITS2 secondary structures, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and SSrRNA gene sequences. The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences of these four species were first sequenced, and they shared sequence identities ranging from 68.0% to 90.1%, while two populations of Anteholosticha sp. differed in three nucleotides (sequence identity 99.8%). There were several minor differences among ITS2 secondary structures of these species, while two populations of Anteholosticha sp. had the identical secondary structure. Phylogenetic trees inferred from the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences of stichotrichs using multiple algorithms (Neighbor-Joining, Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian) revealed similar topologies. The results show that:(1) Holosticha bradburyae and H. diademata firmly clustered together with strong bootstrap supports, forming a sister clade with Anteholosticha sp., (2) Anteholosticha appeared to be a paraphyletic assemblage, in which the morphotype A. manca was more closely related to Diaxonella trimarginata than to its congener Anteholosticha sp. Phylogenetic analyses based on the SSrRNA gene and the combined sequences of SSrRNA gene and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region revealed the similar relationships between Holosticha and Anteholosticha, nevertheless their positions within the subclass Stichotrichia differed from each other inferred from different genes.