新一代系统CDSN应用地震数据的格式及其使用方法

ＣＤＳＮ正处在更新换代的重要时期，为了使广大地震研究人员更好地应用ＣＤＳＮ资料，本文详细叙述了更新的ＣＤＳＮ地震事件数据格式，提出了新数据与已发行数据格式相兼容的办法，同时说明了有关格式转换程序的使用方法。     

电感地应力观测条件的试验和几种干扰因素的认识与处理

为了取得连续可靠的电感地应力观测成果,我们做了一些观测条件的试验并对部分干扰因素进行了研究和消除。从目前所做的工作来看,认为影响地应力观测数据的主要因素有电压、室温、开机予热时间等。现将有关试验情况整理如下,并对消除的办法提些看法。     

理论时距曲线法

简单介绍本文叙述根据地震反射波时距曲线,利用理论时距曲线量板测定速度的方法。说明用本方法整理单独的、相遇的及时距曲线族的办法。本文供地震队工程师和解释技术员,以及地震勘探范围内其他专家之用。     

昆仑山口西8．1级地震的联想与探索

提供了8．1级地震回顾性的时间和空间2种定量严格的预测办法，同时也提出了使用这2种办法的条件。由于只讨论短期和临震的举措，故暂不涉及有关地质构造方面的问题，中也借用以往同行们有关预测强度的办法对8．1级地震进行了讨论。     

断层滑动速率,地震重复时间和平均应力降

本文综述了国内外大地震复发间隔研究的现状，系统整理了中国大陆活断层滑运速率，已发现的古地震遗迹及古地震复发间隔，结果表明，在滑动速率较在的活断层发现的古地震复发间隔较短，Ｋａｎａｍｏｒｉ和Ａｌｌｅ（１９８５）研究了具有大范围重复时间（２０年到几千年）的板内大地震的震源参数，发现复发间隔较长的大地震具有较高的平均应力降，我们在实验室内研究了应变速率不同时固体围压三轴压缩下完整花岗岩破裂后的粘滑现象。     

青藏块体北缘跨断层测量资料宏观分析

本文在系统整理青藏块体北缘跨断层测量资料的基础上，进行了形变类型的划分，探讨了不同类型形变所反映的断层运动性能。     

历史地震灾害数据库的设计及实现

充分利用已有的研究成果和数据资料，综合研究、整理已有的历史地震灾害损失评估结果，用GIS系统把以前收集的数据、资料整理和更新，结合开展的相关项目获得的数据，进一步完善数据资料。根据其他课题地震预报及地震危险性分析的研究结果，建立首都圈历史地震灾害数据库、分析其社会经济和基础设施的地震灾害损失状况，建立相应的易损性关系。     

波速资料管理工作初探

分析了波速资料管理现状和所存在问题的原因及所造成的影响，提出了具体的波速资料管理办法。     

明清时期西昌三次地震救助措施及社会影响

记述了西昌地区1489年、1536年和1850年地震灾害，分别对每次地震救助措施进行了研究整理、归纳和介绍。在此基础上，对影响社会的几种有关地震传说进行了研究考证和澄清。     

保障国家粮食安全 再建4亿亩高标准农田

十多年来,我国经济社会发生深刻变革、土地整治内涵外延也发生了深刻转变:在范围上,已由分散的土地开发整理向集中连片的综合整治转变,逐步演变为全域规划、全域设计、全域整治;在内涵上,已由增加耕地数量为主向增加耕地数量、提高耕地质量、改善生态环境并重转变;在目标上,已由单纯的补充耕地向建设性保护耕地与推进新农村建设和城乡统筹发展相结合转变;在手段上,已由以项目为载体向以项目、工程为     

矿井电阻率成像技术的现状与展望

主要介绍国内外关于矿井电阻率层析成像技术在矿井生产中应用的相关资料,综合论述了矿井电阻率成像技术发展现状,介绍了矿井电阻率层析成像技术的特殊问题、井下勘探主要方法和数值模拟技术,并提出了作者对矿井电阻率成像技术发展趋势的展望．     

中国构造地貌学的回顾与展望

构造地貌学已经从经验科学迅速发展为高技术武装的现代科学。本文在分析相关文献的基础上,论述了构造地貌学的特点、研究内容、研究方法,回顾了在中国的研究进展,最后提出了构造地貌学今后的研究动向。     

大同—阳高6.1级地震专题档案资料的收集与整理

1989年10月18日大同—阳高地震是山西省重要的一次地震事件,此次地震前后形成大量的文件,为适应地震预报和防震减灾工作的需要,进行了该次地震专题档案资料的收集。文中叙述了收集的办法,主要收获和体会。     

数字地震环境下电子档案的管理模式设想

随着科学技术的不断发展,地震信息的数字化、智能化、网络化已渗透到防震减灾事业的各个领域,数字地震的概念愈来愈深入人心。大量产生的地震科技档案在服务大众的同时,也带来了如何科学、合理的管理,使之能最大限度发挥作用的问题。通过阐述地震系统电子档案管理的现状,分析电子文档的特征,初步探讨了地震系统电子文件档案的管理模式。     

New Explorations of Laboratory and On-site Testing of Broadband Seismographs in China

According to different testing purposes, methods and available environmental conditions, the seismograph testing can be divided into laboratory and on-site testing, respectively. The testing of the seismograph''s key parameters and other concerning technical specifications are well described in guide documents (China Earthquake Administration, 2017). This includes seismometer sensitivity, linearity and clip levels based on the shake table test, as well as the seismometer natural period, damping constant based on electrical calibration (Wang Guangfu,1986; Plešinger A.,1993) and instrumental self-noise collocation estimation (Holcomb L.G., 1989; Sleeman R. et al., 2006). However, with the development of seismic observation technology, many new requirements for the performance evaluation of seismographs have been put forward, and new testing items and methods have emerged.     

中国现代地震科技文献分布特征

本文基于文献计量学方法,研究了我国自公元1900年以来,尤其是近35年以来的现代地震科技文献的基本特征.其中包括:文献增长速率、文献分散与集中规律、分枝学科文献分布以及地震事件对文献产出量影响等.笔者得到以下几点有意义的结论:1.70年代之后,我国地震科技文献产出量每年以32%的速率增长;2.地震学各分枝学科文献分布量和年增长量是不平衡的;3.地震文献分布服从布拉德福(Bradford)的文献离散率,和加菲尔德(Garfield)的文献集中律;4.地震文献量的增长,明显受到地震事件的影响.      

浅谈地震科技档案鉴定的意义

地震科技档案鉴定是档案管理部门的一项重要工作。针对地震科技档案鉴定工作的重要意义进行了分析，定期对地震科技档案鉴定有利于优化馆藏、对重点地震科技档案的保管；并对提高档案工作服务水平和档案人员业务素质进行了探讨。     

Evaluation of approximate methods to estimate residual drift demands in steel framed buildings

This paper presents the evaluation of two approximate methods recently proposed in the literature to estimate residual (permanent) drift demands at the end of earthquake excitation for seismic assessment of buildings. Both methods require an estimate of the peak (maximum) interstory drift demand and the corresponding drift demand at significant yielding of the building. Additionally, an approximate method is proposed as part of this study. The introduced method follows a coefficient‐based approach similar to the Coefficient Method included in several US documents. For evaluating the approximate methods, five moment‐resisting steel framed buildings having different number of stories were analyzed under four sets of earthquake ground motions. Quantification of the accuracy of the approximate methods to estimate residual drift demands with respect to results from nonlinear time‐history analyses was performed through error measures computed for each building and each set of earthquake ground motions. Results show that the mean standard error tends to increase as the seismic hazard level increases. Between the two methods, the method introduced by Erochko et al. seems more effective in predicting residual drift demands than that proposed in the FEMA P‐58 recommendations in the USA. It is demonstrated that including additional sources of stiffness and strength in the modeling approach constrains the amplitude of residual drift demands. As a beneficial consequence, the accuracy of both approximate methods in predicting residual drift demands is significantly improved (i.e., mean standard error decreases). The introduced method also provides similar accuracy than the approximate methods available in the literature. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Discussion of “Challenges in operationalizing the water–energy–food nexus”*

ABSTRACT

We greatly enjoyed reading the paper by Liu et al., which is both timely and rich in insight, as it discusses the challenges in operationalizing the water–energy–food security (WEF) nexus. The nexus approach is gaining increasing attention, both in research and in policy documents, as reflected in the number and content of published documents in the past years and highlighted by the authors.     

Evidence of free convection in groundwater: Field-based measurements beneath wind-tidal flats

Free convection caused by salinity differences had not been conclusively detected or measured in the field. A field experiment at wind-tidal flats on Padre Island National Seashore, Texas, documents salinity-driven free convection with both direct (head and salinity data) and indirect (time-lapse 3-D resistivity) methods. Evaporative concentration of groundwater near the water table created unstable inverted density gradients, reduced groundwater levels, and reversed hydraulic gradients. These factors allowed plumes or fingers of more saline, denser fluid to flow downward into less-dense fluid as observed in monitoring wells and 3-D surveys. The development of density inversions can overcome the dissipating forces of dispersion and diffusion to create a sufficiently large unstable gradient to induce free convection. The development of free convective flow of variable-density fluids in groundwater can be detected and monitored through field techniques.